• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2006

PET detects only less than 50% of early gastric cancer and 62-98% of advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, mass screening programs are recommended for all adults over the age of 40 for early detection and early treatment of gastric cancer through endoscopy or various radiological tests. The most important step after being diagnosed with gastric cancer is accurate staging, which mainly evaluates tumor resectability to avoid unnecessary surgery. Important factors that affect tumor resectability are whether the tumor can be separated from adjacent organs or important blood vessels, the extent of lymph node metastasis, presence of peritoneal metastasis, or distant organ metastasis. To evaluate the extent of local tumor invasion, anatomical imaging that has superior spatial resolution is essential. There are a few studies on prognostic significance of FDG uptake with inconsistent results between them. In spite of lower sensitivities for lymph node staging, the specificities of CT and PET are very high, and the specificity for PET tends to be higher than that for CT. Limited data published so far show that PET seems less useful in the detection of lung and bone metastasis. In the evaluation of pleural or peritoneal metastasis, PET seems very specific but insensitive as well. When FDG uptake of the primary tumor is low, the distant metastasis is also known to show low FDG uptake reducing its detection. There are only a few data available in the evaluation of recurrence detection and treatment response using FDG PET.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

Privacy IP hacking problems such as invasion of privacy, password cracking, voice wiretapping and internet over charged occurred, because VoIP internet voice phone service gradually spread. This thesis attempted to attack the VoIP service network by application. First use application to spoof IP address then attempted wiretap the VoIP service and sends a lot of messages to disturb service movement. At this point, we connected VoIP soft terminal, so we can operate real-time filtering operator to block the SIP Flooding offence by monitor the traffic and detect the location where it got attacked. This thesis used experiment to prove it is possible to detect the offence and defend from SIP Flooding offence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1363-1367
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• 2014

This research was conducted to compare differences in colon cancer lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) with D2-40 antibody labeling and regular HE staining, blood vessel invasion (BVI) with CD34 antibody labeling and HE staining and to assess the possibility of using D2-40-LVI/CD34-BVI in combination for predicting stage II colon cancer prognosis and guiding adjuvant chemotherapy.Anti-D2-40 and anti-CD34 antibodies were applied to tissue samples of 220 cases of stage II colon cancer to label lymphatic vessels and small blood vessels, respectively. LVI and BVI were assessed and multivariate COX regression analysis was performed for associations with colon cancer prognosis. Regular HE staining proved unable to differentiate lymphatic vessels from blood vessels, while D2-40 selectively labeled lymphatic endothelial cell cytosol and CD34 was widely expressed in large and small blood vessels of tumors as well as normal tissues. Compared to regular HE staining, D2-40-labeling for LVI and CD34-labeling for BVI significantly increased positive rate (22.3% vs 10.0% for LVI, and 19.1% vs 9.1% for BVI). Multivariate analysis indicated that TNM stage, pathology tissue type, post-surgery adjuvant chemotherapy, D2-40-LVI, and CD34-BVI were independent factors affecting whole group colon cancer prognosis, while HE staining-BVI, HE staining-LVI were not significantly related. When CD34-BVI/D2-40-LVI were used in combination for detection, the risk of death for patients with two or one positive results was 5.003 times that in the LVI(-)&BVI(-) group (95% CI 2.365 - 9.679). D2-40 antibody LVI labeling and CD34 antibody BVI labeling have higher specificity and accuracy than regular HE staining and can be used as molecular biological indicators for prognosis prediction and guidance of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2009

목적: 고려대학교 구로병원에서 14년간 위암으로 수술받은 예를 대상으로 임상병리학적 특성, 치료 결과 및 예후 인자를 분석하여 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1993년부터 2006년까지 본 교실에서 수술받은 2,327명의 위암 환자를 대상으로 후향적 연구를 하였다 결과: 절제율은 92.8%였고 근치적 절제율은 90.8%였다. 5년 생존율은 절제 예 70.0%, 근치적 절제 예 79.2%, 비근치적 절제 예 3.7% 그리고 비절제 1.5%였으며, 절제 예에서 병기별 5년 생존율은 IA기 98.9%, IB기 94.4%, II기 77.3%, IIIA기 69.3%, IIIB기 38.9% 그리고 IV기 13.6%였다. 예후 인자의 단변량 분석결과 나이, 종양의 크기 및 위치, 육안적 형태, 위벽 침윤, 림프절 전이, 원격 전이가 통계적으로 유의하였고 다변량 분석 결과 독립적 예후 인자는 림프절 전이, 위벽의 침윤도, 정맥 침윤, 연령의 순으로 나타났다. 결론: 위암에서의 예후는 병기에 의해서 가장 많이 영향을 받으므로 예후 향상을 위해서는 조기발견이 가장 중요하고, 적극적이며 체계적인 외과적 치료가 위암의 생존율향상에 기여할 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2010

다양한 정보보안 구축 사례를 보면, Firewall과 가상 사설 통신망[VPN(Virtual Private Network)], 침입 탐지 시스템[IDS(Intrusion Detection System)], 기업 보안 관리[ESM(Enterprise Security Management)] 등 단계적인 발전 절차를 갖는다. 각각의 보안 솔루션과 장비는 특성화된 보안 기술을 통해서 TCP/IP Layer별 또는 공격형태, 공격유형, 침해로 인한 보안정책의 문제점과 같은 분류를 기준으로 정보보안 을 위한 방어와 공격을 분석한다. 본 논문의 연구 방향은 TCP/IP Layer의 L3 계층 이상의 상위 등급 보안정책과 장비를 통한 기존 네트워크에 L2 계층 이하 등급의 장비 또는 정책을 적용 시에 발생하는 침입 가능한 대기시간[Latency Time]을 확인하고 보안장비 정책에서 특정 IP 영역에 대한 제한정책 설정과정에서 IP 선점(Preoccupation)으로 인한 발생 가능한 보안 취약점을 분석함으로써 기술적인 문제점을 알아보고자 한다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

최근 인터넷 기술의 급격한 발전으로 정보화 저변 확대라는 긍정적 측면과 함께, 이를 이용한 악의적인 행위들이 지속적으로 일어나고 있어 사회 전 영역에 걸쳐 피해가 속출하고 있다. 특히 악의적인 용도를 위해 제작되는 악성코드의 폐해가 날이 갈수록 급증하고 있고, 또한 개인정보 유출, 해킹, 피싱 등의 응용범죄의 기본수단이 되어가고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 악성코드들을 효과적이고 단계적으로 분석, 탐지할 수 있는 기술에 관하여 기술한다. 본 연구는 악성코드의 은닉도와 악의적 기능 시그너처를 추출함으로서 기존의 악성코드들 뿐 아니라 새로운 악성코드와 변종들에 대해서도 능동적으로 대처할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.583-587
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate tumor microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) using the Chalkley method as predictive markers for the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis and their relationship to other clinicopathological parameters in primary breast cancer cases. Forty two node-positive and eighty node-negative breast cancers were immunostained for CD34 and D2-40. MVD and LVD were counted by the Chalkley method at x400 magnification. There was a positive significant correlation of the MVD with the tumor size, coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lymph node metastases (P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, the MVD (2.86-4: OR 5.87 95%CI 1.05-32; >4: OR 20.03 95%CI 3.47-115.55), lymphovascular invasion (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.13-10.58), and associated DCIS (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.04-9.23) independently predicted axillary lymph node metastasis. There was no significant relationship between LVD and axillary lymph node metastasis. However, D2-40 was a good lymphatic vessel marker to enhance the detection of lymphatic invasion compared to H and E staining. In conclusion, MVD by the Chalkley method, lymphovascular invasion and associated DCIS can be additional predictive factors for axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer. No relationship was identified between LVD and clinicopathological variables, including axillary lymph node metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1489-1492
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• 2016

Background: Although there are no biomarkers that are routinely used in endometrial cancer (EC) management, many studies have found that serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is superior to cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the detection of EC. The correlation of HE4 with two prognostic factors for EC, primary tumor diameter (PTD) and depth of myometrial invasion (DMI) may be useful in identifying EC patients at high risk of lymphatic dissemination. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of serum HE4 with PTD and DMI in patients with EC. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 EC patients who were scheduled for elective surgery at Rajavithi Hospital between 1st September 2013 and 30th May 2014. Preoperative serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were investigated, and then gross measurement of PTD was taken and postoperative pathologic slides were reviewed for DMI including histologic types, grading and staging. Results: Preoperative serum HE4 levels were strongly correlated with PTD (r=0.65, p<0.001) and moderately correlated with DMI (r=0.46, p<0.001). Moreover, serum HE4 levels were significantly elevated in EC patients with PTD >2 cm (p<0.001) and DMI > 50% (p=0.004). The performance of serum HE4 in identifying EC patients at low risk and high risk of lymph node metastasis was significantly better than that of CA125 (AUC 0.88 vs. 0.65, p=0.003). At an optimal cut-off value of 70 pM/L, serum HE4 had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 80.0%. Conclusions: In EC patients, preoperative serum HE4 is significantly correlated with PTD and DMI. Serum HE4 levels could be useful in identifying endometrial cancer patients at high risk of lymphatic spread who would benefit from systemic lymphadenectomy at the cut-off value of 70 pM/L.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1333-1340
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• 2012

Epithelial ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecological cancer, and the high mortality rate makes this malignancy a major health concern. Poor prognosis results from an inability to detect ovarian cancers at an early, curable stage, as well as from the lack of an effective therapy. Thus, effective and novel strategies for prevention and treatment with non-toxic agents merit serious consideration. Resveratrol, obtained from grapes, berries, peanuts and red wine, has been shown to have a potent growth-inhibitory effect against various human cancer cells as well as in in vivo preclinical cancer models. The objective here was to evaluate potential antitumor effects of resveratrol in both in vitro and in vivo NuTu-19 ovarian cancer models. In vitro an invasion assay was performed. After 48 h, the numbers of viable cells that invaded the extracellular matrix layer were reduced by 94% with resveratrol in comparison to control. For the in vivo anti-tumor assessment, 10 rats were injected with NuTu-19 cells into the ovarian bursa. Thereafter, half were provided with a diet mixed with a dose of 100 mg resveratrol/kg body weight/day for 28 days. Following sacrifice, anticancer effects were assessed by histological evaluation of ovarian as well as surrounding tissues, and immunohistochemical detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis, but there were no observable differences between the control and resveratrol-treated groups for any of the biological endpoints. While resveratrol is effective in suppressing the in vitro cellular invasion of NuTu-19 ovarian cancer cells, these effects do not appear to impact on in vivo NuTu-19 ovarian cancers in rats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1851-1857
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• 2014

Objective: The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of berberine hydrochloride (BH) on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CNE-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Our results shed light on the functional components of traditional Chinese herbs for potential use in modern medicine. Methods: The CNE-1 cell line was treated with different concentrations of BH and effects on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Anti-migratory and anti-invasive actions of BH were investigated using wound healing assays and the Millicell Hanging cell culture insert system, respectively. Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene twist (Twist) was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis was estimated with an annexin-V fluorescein (FITC) apoptosis detection kit, as well as with reference to levels of activated caspase-3 of CNE-1 cells before and after treatment with BH utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: BH was capable of reducing proliferation and viability of CNE-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, also demonstrating anti-migratory and anti-invasive capacities which correlated with reduction in expression of Twist. Finally, BH was able to induce significant amounts of apoptosis in CNE-1 cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the activity of caspase-3 and in annexin-V staining following treatment. Conclusion: BH extracted from rhizoma coptidis demonstrated an ability to block proliferation, induce apoptosis, and impair the migration and invasion of the CNE-1 cell line Considering these properties, our results suggest that BH could be an important compound for consideration in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.