• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.305-320
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• 2007

With expanded use of B2B(between enterprises), B2G(between enterprises and government) and EDI(Electronic Data Interchange), and increased amount of available network information and information protection threat, as it was judged that security can not be perfectly assured only with security technology such as electronic signature/authorization and access control, Bayesian networks have been developed for protection of information. Therefore, this study speculates Bayesian networks system, centering on ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning). The Bayesian networks system is one of the methods to resolve uncertainty in electronic data interchange and is applied to overcome uncertainty of abnormal invasion detection in ERP. Bayesian networks are applied to construct profiling for system call and network data, and simulate against abnormal invasion detection. The host-based abnormal invasion detection system in electronic trade analyses system call, applies Bayesian probability values, and constructs normal behavior profile to detect abnormal behaviors. This study assumes before and after of delivery behavior of the electronic document through Bayesian probability value and expresses before and after of the delivery behavior or events based on Bayesian networks. Therefore, profiling process using Bayesian networks can be applied for abnormal invasion detection based on host and network. In respect to transmission and reception of electronic documents, we need further studies on standards that classify abnormal invasion of various patterns in ERP and evaluate them by Bayesian probability values, and on classification of B2B invasion pattern genealogy to effectively detect deformed abnormal invasion patterns.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2019

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy and an increasing global public health problem. OSCC frequently invades the jaw bone. OSCC-induced bone invasion has a significant impact on tumor stage, treatment selection, patient outcome, and quality of life. A number of studies have shown that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is a major step in the progression of bone invasion by OSCC; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in OSCC bone invasion are not yet clear. In this review, we present the clinical types of OSCC bone invasion and summarize the role of key molecules, including proteases, cytokines, and growth factors, in the sequential process of bone invasion. A better understanding of bone invasion will facilitate the discovery of molecular targets for early detection and treatment of OSCC bone invasion.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2001

고가용 E-Business 모델을 위해 구축된 다중 분산 웹 클러스터 모델은 구조적 특성상 내부 시스템 노드들이 노출되어 있으며, 불법적인 3자에 의한 고의적인 방해와 공격으로 정상적인 작업수행이 불가능할 가능성을 지니고 있다. 따라서 구성된 시스템 노드들을 보호하고 불법적인 사용자로부터의 정보유출과 부당한 서비스 요구를 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 보안 시스템이 필요하다. 제안한 분산 침입 탐지 시스템은 SC-Server의 공유메모리를 기반으로 SC-Agent간의 유기적인 제어를 통하여 개방된 네트워크 상에 분산되어 있는 시스템 노드에 대한 불법적인 요구나 자원 접근을 탐지하는 기술이다. 분산 침입 탐지시스템은 불법적인 침입을 탐지하기 위하여 일차적으로 Detection Agent를 이용한 작업요구 패킷의 검사를 수행하며, 이후 작업이 진행되었을 때 Monitoring Agent를 통하여 작업과정을 관찰하며 허용되지 않는 자원의 접근 및 요구가 발생하였을 때, 다른 시스템 노드와의 긴밀한 협조작업을 통해 침입여부를 판단한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2020

Purpose: The guidelines for pathological evaluation of early gastric cancer (EGC) recommend wider section intervals for surgical specimens (5-7 mm) than those for endoscopically resected specimens (2-3 mm). Studies in surgically resected EGC specimens showed not negligible lymph node metastasis risks in EGCs meeting the expanded criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 401 EGC lesions with an endoscopic size of ≤ 30 mm detected in 386 patients. Pathological specimens obtained by ESD or surgery were cut into 2-mm section intervals for reference. Submucosal or lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was evaluated arbitrarily in 4- or 6-mm section intervals. McNemar's tests compared the differences between submucosal and LVI. Results: Submucosal invasion was detected in 29.2% (117/401) and LVI in 9.5% (38/401) at 2-mm interval. The submucosal invasion detection rates in 4-mm intervals decreased to 88.0% or 90.6% (both P<0.001), while the LVI detection rates decreased to 86.8% or 57.9% (P=0.025 and P<0.001, respectively). In 6-mm intervals, the submucosal and LVI detection rates decreased further to 72.7-80.3% (P<0.001 for all three sets) and 55.3-63.2% (P<0.001 for all three sets), respectively. Among 150 out-of-indication cases at 2-mm interval, 4-10 (2.7%-6.7%) at 4-mm intervals, and 10-17 (6.7%-11.3%) at 6-mm intervals were misclassified as lesions meeting the curative resection criteria due to the underestimation of submucosal or LVI. Conclusions: After ESD, the 2-mm wide section interval was suitable for the pathological evaluation of focal submucosal or LVI. Thus, if an EGC lesion meets the expanded criteria for the ESD specimen pathological evaluation, it could be safely followed up.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1543-1552
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• 2019

Salmonella is a common zoonotic and foodborne pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this study, we established and validated a polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) assay which targeted the conserved invasion gene (invA) of Salmonella by SYBR Green I indicator methods. Subsequently, assays for determination of the optimal conditions for optimal specificity and sensitivity of PSR were performed. We performed comprehensive evaluations using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR. A total number of 532 samples of daily food were analyzed by PSR. Twenty-seven bacterial strains were tested in the specificity assay, from which positive results were obtained only for 14-Salmonella strains. However, none of the 13 non-Salmonella strains was amplified. Similarly with LAMP and real-time PCR, the detection limit of the PSR assay was 50 CFU/ml. The PSR method was also successfully applied to evaluate the contamination with Salmonella in 532 samples of daily food, corroborating traditional culture method data. The novel PSR method is simple, sensitive, and rapid and provides new insights into the prevention and detection of foodborne diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.434-439
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• 2002

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers. OSCC generally has a poor prognosis due to its tendency towards a local invasion and subsequent metastasis, which is mediated by multiple proteolytic enzymes and angiogenesis. Soy products contain high levels of isoflavonoids, including the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, which has been identified as a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis. The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of genistein with respect to the angiogenesis and basement membrane invasion in OSCC. The highly invasive OSCC cell line, HSC-3 cells were cultured in the presence of $10{\mu}M$ genistein for 24h. To evaluate the effects of genistein on the invasiveness and the gelatinolytic activity, in vitro invasion assay and zymography were performed. In order to evaluate the effect on the VEGF and bFGF mRNA expression, RT-PCR and northern hybridization reaction, and chemiluminescence detection were applied. The in vitro invasion assay showed that the genistein treatment reduced the cellular invasion through the artificial basement membrane and significant difference between the control group and the genistein treated group was shown in MMP-2 activity. Especially, the 62 kDa activated form of MMP-2 in the control group was 1.8 times higher than that in the genistein treated group. The results of the northern blot analyses indicated that VEGF mRNA expression in the genistein treated group was significantly down regulated. This study showed that genistein inhibits angiogenesis and reduces basement membrane invasion in OSCC. It seems to support the possibility of genistein as an anti-cancer agent.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.292-294
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• 2015

Vestibular schwannoma (VS) usually present the widening of internal auditory canal (IAC), and these bony changes are typically limited to IAC, not extend to temporal bone. Temporal bone invasion by VS is extremely rare. We report 51-year-old man who revealed temporal bone destruction beyond IAC by unilateral VS. The bony destruction extended anteriorly to the carotid canal and inferiorly to the jugular foramen. On histopathologic examination, the tumor showed typical benign schwannoma and did not show any unusual vascularity or malignant feature. Facial nerve was severely compressed and distorted by tumor, which unevenly eroded temporal bone in surgical field. Vestibular schwannoma with atypical invasion of temporal bone can be successfully treated with combined translabyrinthine and lateral suboccipiral approach without facial nerve dysfunction. Early detection and careful dissection of facial nerve with intraoperative monitoring should be considered during operation due to severe adhesion and distortion of facial nerve by tumor and eroded temporal bone.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.829-839
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced radial T1-weighted gradient-echo 3-tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for the detection of visceral pleural surface invasion (VPSI). Visceral pleural invasion by non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be classified into two types: PL1 (without VPSI), invasion of the elastic layer of the visceral pleura without reaching the visceral pleural surface, and PL2 (with VPSI), full invasion of the visceral pleura. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients with pathologically confirmed VPSI by NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. Multidetector CT and contrast-enhanced 3T MRI with a free-breathing radial three-dimensional fat-suppressed volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) pulse sequence were compared in terms of the length of contact, angle of mass margin, and arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio. Supplemental evaluation of the tumor-pleura interface (smooth versus irregular) could only be performed with MRI (not discernible on CT). Results: At the tumor-pleura interface, radial VIBE MRI revealed a smooth margin in 20 of 21 patients without VPSI and an irregular margin in 10 of 12 patients with VPSI, yielding an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F-score for VPSI detection of 91%, 83%, 95%, 91%, 91%, and 87%, respectively. The McNemar test and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed no significant differences between the diagnostic accuracies of CT and MRI for evaluating the contact length, angle of mass margin, or arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio as predictors of VPSI. Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced radial T1-weighted gradient-echo 3T MRI and CT were equal in terms of the contact length, angle of mass margin, and arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio. The advantage of MRI is its clear depiction of the tumor-pleura interface margin, facilitating VPSI detection.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

최근 해킹 기법들은 기존보다 정교한 기술을 바탕으로 악성화 되어 그 피해 규모가 증가하고 있으며, 인터넷 사용자의 확대와 맞물려 그 위력은 커지고 있다. 특히 정보유출을 목적으로 제작한 해킹메일에 첨부된 악성코드의 피해가 급증하고 있다. 본 논문에서 이러한 정보유출형 악성코드를 효과적으로 분석, 탐지할 수 있는 기술에 관하여 연구한다. 또한 본 연구에서는 기존 악성코드의 탐지규칙과 해킹메일 악성코드 탐지규칙을 비교하였으며 이를 통해 해킹메일 악성코드 뿐 아니라 새로운 악성코드와 변종들에 대해서도 탐지할 수 있는 기술에 대해 설명한다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.663-670
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• 2019

지하철에서 스크린 도어와 플랫폼간의 경계선을 검출할 수 있는 변형된 케니에지 검출 알고리듬을 제안한다. 일반적으로 지하철에서는 플랫폼과 스크린 도어 사이의 경계선은 주변에 비해 어둡게 나타나므로 이의 특성을 고려하여 변형된 bottom-hat 변환을 이용해 에지 영상을 만든다. 이렇게 구한 에지 영상에 이중 문턱화를 통해 강한 에지와 약한 에지를 포함하는 이중 문턱화 영상을 얻는다. 이중 문턱화 영상에 호프 변환을 적용하여 플랫폼과 스크린 도어 간의 경계선을 검출하여 그 길이를 계산하고, 사람 등 물체가 있을 때와 없을 때와의 경계선 길이를 비교함으로써, 경계선을 침범 여부를 판단하는 알고리듬을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 카메라 높이 위치에 따라 두 종류의 서로 다른 입력영상을 사용하여 제안한 변형된 케니에지 검출 알고리듬에 대한 결과를 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션으로 나타내었다.