• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

Objecives : Aucklandiae Radix is a root of Aucklandia lappa which has been widely used for regulating the flow of vital energy, invigorating the spleen, alleviating pain. Aucklandiae Radix contains the costunolide which is the main ingredient. The substitutive Aucklandiae Radix are Inulae helenii Radix, Aristolchiae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix, and Inulae racemosi Radix in Korea and China. This paper is analysised and compared the costunolide and HPLC pattern in Aucklandiae Radix and substitute herbs. Methods : Chromatographic separation performed using C18 column(Luna 5 u, 250 mm ${\times}$ 4.6 mm) with a mixture of methanol and water(65:35)(v/v). The analyses detected at UV(210 nm). Results : Optimal extraction condition of costunolide was 100% methanol for 2hr. Costunolide was detected in Aucklandiae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix, but other herbs were not detected. In Korea herbal market, Aristolchiae Radix merchandise was identified as the imported Inulae helenii Radix. Conclusions : According to above results, this method was useful identified to Aucklandiae Radix and substitutive herbs. In Korea herbal market, Aristolchiae Radix was identified as Inulae helenii Radix.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

Objectives : Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang) one of important herbal medicines in oriental medicine, is defined as the dried root of Aucklandia lappa (Asteraceae). Owing to the similarities in the morphology and name, Inulae Radix (Tu-Muxiang) and Vladimiriae Radix (Chuan-Muxiang) as well as Aristolochiae Radix (Qing-Muxiang) originated from other medicinal plants are often used as substitutes and/or adulterants of Aucklandiae Radix. Therefore, a reliable authentication of these herbal medicines is necessarily for the public health and prevention of misuse. Methods : 32 samples of medicinal plants supplying Aucklandiae Radix, Inulae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix, and Aristolochiae Radix were collected in Korea and China. The ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) nucleotide sequences of samples were determined. The PCR primers to amply DNA marker of each herbal medicine were designed basing on the specific ITS regions showing differences in the sequences among medicinal plants. Results : Primer set Al R/IS F designed in this work amplified 220 bp PCR product only in samples of Aucklandiae Radix. In contrast, primer set Ih F/IS R, Vs R/IS F, and AcR F1/Ac R amplified 250 bp product, 356 bp prouct, and 516 bp product respectively to identify Inulae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix, and Aristolochiae Radix. Conclusions : The primers designed basing on the nucleotide sequences of ITS regions appearing differenced in the sequences among medicinal plants amplified the DNA markers for the identification of Aucklandiae Radix, Inulae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix, and Aristolochiae Radix. These herbal medicines were more efficiently identified by multiplex PCR method using all primers in a single PCR process.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.83-97
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed for establishing the discriminative criteria for Aucklandiae Radix, Inulae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix and Aristolochiae Radix, which can be confused as 'Mokhyang', because of similar appearances and synonyms. Methods: Morphological characteristics of dried herbal medicines were compared by macroscopic observation. To examine microscopic features of 'Mokhyang', paraffin embedding and the staining by using Ju's method were conducted. Physicochemical experiments were performed using HPLC analysis and antioxidant assay. Results: The types of stem, phyllotaxy and leaf shape were chosen as macroscopic criteria and the size, oil spots, color and root top as well as phloem and central cylinder were compared using microscopic features. The HPLC results showed different amounts of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone among Aucklandiae Radix, Inulae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix. However, Aristolochiae Radix only contained aristolochic acid. The antioxidant assays also showed that Vladimiriae Radix exhibited strongest antioxidant activity followed by Aucklandiae Radix, Inulae Radix and Aristolochiae Radix. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical methods would be useful tools for the discrimination of 4 kinds of 'Mokhyang'.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1992

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Banhaonpaetang extract and its constituent herbs on the contractile force of Isolated Guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and to elucidate its mechanism. The results were as follows; 1. Banhaonpaetang significanly inhibitd the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated by histamine. 2. Banhaonpaetang significantly inhibited the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated by acetylcholine. 3. Radix Asari(細辛), Flos Inulae(旋覆花), Pericarpium Citri Nobilis(陳皮) and Radix Ginseng(人蔘) extract significantly inhibited the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated by histamine. 4. Radix Asari(細辛), Cortex Cinnamomi(桂心), Flos Inulae(旋覆花), Pericarpium Citri Nobilis(陳皮) and Radix Ginseng(人蔘) extract significantly inhibited the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated by acetylcholine. 5. The effects of Banhaonpaetang extract on the changes of plasma ACTH in rats were shown to be insignificant. 6. The effects of Banhaonpaetang extract on the changes of serum electrolytes were shown to be significant in $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

This study was carried out to screen herbs among herbal plants showing antimicrobial activity against some food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. One hundred fifteen kinds of herbal plants were extracted by 70% ethanol, and then they have been screened for antimicroorganisms. Six herbal plants such as Salviae radix, Dryopteris rhizoma, Terminaliae fructus, Araliae radix, Psoraleae fructus and Schisandrae fructus showed strong antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis. Antimicrobial activities were showed in Anemarrhena radix and Dryopteris rhizoma on Candida albicans, and in Anemarrhenae radix, Dryopteris rhizoma and Polygalae radix on Schizosaccharomyces sp. It was revealed that eight herbal plants such as Dryopteris rhizoma, Salviae radix, Sappan ligunum, Sinomeniae radix, Schisandrae fructus, Rhui fructus, Sophorae radix and Inulae radix also showed antimicrobial activities on Streptococcus mutans. In addition, Anemarrhena radix, Curcuma tuber, Inulae radix, Polygonum radix, Sanguisorbae radix, Scutellariae radix and Terminaliae fructus and showed antimicrobial activities on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Four kinds of herbal plants such as Dropteris rhizoma, Salviae radix, Terminaliae fructus and Scutellariae radix which showed broad antimicrobial spectrums were mixed by 1 : 1 ratio with the other herbal paints showing relatively strong microbial activities such as Terminaliae fructus, Sinomeniae radix and Scutellariae radix etc. The extracts of mixed herbal paints showed higher antimicrobial activities than those of single herbal plant.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.281-290
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• 2018

Background: Lung cancer, the most common malignant disease worldwide, is the predominant cause of cancer deaths, particularly amongst men. Therefore, various researchers have focused on the growth inhibitory effects of medicinal plants used in traditional Korean medicine. This study aimed to investigate the growth inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Rubiae radix, Inulae flos, Nelumbinis receptaculum, Astilbe radix, and Lagerstroemia flos on NCI-H1229 cells. Method and Results: The viability of NCI-H1229 cells was evaluated in vitro using an MTS assay. Treatment with the ethanol extracts of the selected medicinal plants at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ reduced NCI-H1229 cell viability and increased apoptotic cell death and caspase-3 activation. In addition, treatment with ethanol extracts of Inulae flos and Astilbe radix increases DNA fragmentation, as measured by the TUNEL assay. Conclusions: These results indicated that ethanol extracts of Rubiae radix, Inulae flos, Nelumbinis receptaculum, Astilbe radix, and Lagerstroemia flos exhibited growth inhibitory effects, inducing apoptotic cell death, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation in NCI-H1229 cells. Therefore, these medicinal plant extracts may be used in the development of natural medicines to inhibit the growth of lung cancers. However, further study is needed to determine the active ingredients of the ethanol extracts from medicinal plants that are reposible for the inhibitory effect on lung cancer cell grwoth.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the anti-ulcer effect of an standardized herbal extracts mixture of Inulae Flos and Paeoniae Radix (HT074) on acidified ethanol induced gastric injury and its potential mechanisms. Methods : Antioxidant activities of HT074 and its constituents were measured by DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging capacity. After the oral administration of HT074 at doses of 100, 300 mg/kg twice per day for 14 days, Gastric lesions were induced by oral administration of acidified ethanol in Sprague Dawley rats. Oxidative stress markers, such as super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, concentrations of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in gastric mucosal tissues. Additionally, the expression of human mucin gene, Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA in gastric mucosal tissues was measured. Results : HT074 showed dose dependent radical scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Oral administration of HT074 300 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days significantly decreased gastric lesions and histological damages induced by HCl/EtOH in rats. HT074 treatment significantly increased the activity of SOD (300 mg/kg) and concentration of GSH (100 and 300 mg/kg), however catalase concentration was not significantly increased. MUC5AC mRNA expression was significantly increased by HT074 100, 300 mg/kg treatment. Conclusions : HT074 protects the gastric mucosa from oxidative stress caused by acidified ethanol by increasing the activity of SOD, concentration of GSH and mucin biosynthesis. These findings suggest that HT074 could be an effective candidate for prevention and treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer.