• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2006

Background and Objectives: Vocal cord granuloma is a exophytic inflammatory mass and caused by gastroesophageal reflux, voice abuse, endotracheal intubation. There has been a controversy in the treatment of vocal cord granuloma. Our aim of study is to know the clinical characteristics and the results of surgical management for vocal cord granuloma. Materials and Methods: We have reviewed and analyzed medical records of 55 patients who were diagnosed and surgically treated as vocal cord granuloma in Asan medical center from 1997 to 2005 retrospectively. Results: 25 cases were intubation granuloma and 30 cases were contact granuloma. In intubation granuloma, the clinical manifestation was hoarseness(70%), foreign body sensation(44%), chronic cough(21%). In contact granuloma, the clinical manifestation was hoarseness(67%), foreign body sensation(60%), throat clearing(21%). The recurrence rate after surgery was 8% in intubation granuloma and 33% in contact granuloma. Mean recurrence time was 4.1months in intubation granuloma and 3.2months in contact granuloma. Conclusion: Although there is no significant difference, recurrence rate after surgery was high in contact granuloma compared to intubation granuloma(p=0.125). Although this study is retrospective, surgical management must be considered in resolving diagnostic doubt, treating airway obstruction, and failure in conservative treatments.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.417-421
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• 2007

Post-intubation granuloma of the larynx is a rare complication of general inhalation anesthesia, which is associated with direct mechanical irritation of laryngeal mucosa from trauma, prolonged period of endotracheal intubation, multiple intubations and endotracheal movement. This study was performed retrospectively to evaluate symptoms, incidence, duration and site for prevention of the intubation granuloma. The authors investigated 16 patients of intubation granuloma among 719 patients during 1 year period from August, 2005 to July, 2006 at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. The incidence was 16/719 cases(2.2%) 2. The female to male ratio was 7:1 3. Hoarseness was the main symptom 4. Most cases occurred after 2-jaw orthognathic surgery.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Larynx granuloma is a exophytic inflammatory mass and may result from gastroesophageal reflux disease and a traumatic or prolonged endotracheal intubation. There has been a controversy in the treatment of larynx granuloma. Our aim of study is to know the results of the conservative management and surgery for larynx granuloma. Materials and Methods : We have reviewed and analyzed medical records of 71 Patients who were diagnosed and treated as larynx granuloma in Asan medical center from 1989 to 2000 retrospectively. And questionnaires on present patient's status were answered via telephone. Results : Forty four cases were treated by conservative management and 29 cases were treated by surgery. The total Percentages of improvement after treatment were 85.7 o/o after conservative management and 75.9% after surgery. In intubation granuloma percentages of improvement were 86.4% after conservative management and 73% after surgery. In contact granuloma percentages of improvement were 85% after conservative management and 78.5% after surgery. Conclusion : Resolution and treatment periods are longer in contact granuloma compared to intubation granuloma in the groups of conservative management. (P＜0.05) There is no significant difference of their outcome between conservative management and surgery. (P＞0.05) Although this study is retrospective, conservative management is the first treatment in the management of larynx granuloma.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2013

Three patients who underwent orthognathic surgery under general anesthesia complained about difficulty in vocalization and hoarseness after surgery. Intubation granuloma was diagnosed by the department of otorhinolaryngology in our hospital and the masses were excised by laryngoscopy assisted surgery. Chief complaints and symptoms of patients were relieved after surgery. These cases report with review of articles is presented, and the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of intubation granuloma after orthognathic surgery are evaluated.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.375-378
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• 2018

Endotracheal intubation is commonly associated with laryngeal injury that often resolves spontaneously without any complication. However, stenosis or granulomatous lesions are generally found on the tracheal wall or vocal process at the tube cuff level, caused by excessive cuff pressure. We present a case of fatal vocal cord granuloma leading to dyspnea following orthognathic surgery and sustained intubation for 14 hours.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1976년도 제10차 학술대회연제 순서 및 초록
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• pp.87.2-87
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• 1976

1932년 Clausen이 삽관에 의한 전신마취 후에 발생한 후두육아종을 외상성 후두육아종이라고 보고한 이래 Harrison은 삽관환자의 약 4%에서 후두 및 상기도에 손상을 초래하고 그중 약 1%정도가 후두육아종을 일으켜서 이로 인하여 발성장애나 심할 때는 호흡곤란까지도 일으킬 수 있다고 하였다. 기관내 삽관은 전신마취를 하기 위하여 사용되거나 또는 인위적으로 환자의 기도를 확보하기 위한 방법의 하나로써 널리 사용되고 있으며 삽관 후 상기와 같은 합병증으로 육아종이 발생된 예는 국내외에서 점차 그 보고된 수가 증가되고 있다. 저자도 1975년 3월부터 1976년 2월까지 1년 동안에 9례의 삽관 후 발생한 후두육아종 환자를 경험하였기에 문헌적 고찰을 가하여 보고하는 바이다

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-82
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• 2018

Background and Objectives : Laryngeal contact granuloma is benign inflammatory disease induced by excessive mechanical contact of larynx such as endotracheal intubation, voice abuse, laryngeal microsurgery as well as laryngopharygeal reflux. Because it is caused by various risk factors, multiple treatment modalities are required. The purpose of study is to evaluate treatment effect of topical steroid through nasal cavity in contact granuloma. Materials and Method : Fifty-two patients were enrolled in this study with exception of intubation granuloma. Patients were classified with four groups (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI), Nasal steroid spray (SPR), PPI+SPR, Observation) according to treatment modality. Results : Patients who treated with PPI (Odds ratio 2.45, p=0.03) and combination of PPI and SPR (Odds ratio 2.88, p<0.01) had significantly better response than patients who not treated with medical therapy. Conclusion : Combination therapy of nasal steroid spray and PPI is effective for contact granuloma of larynx and considered as a treatment of choice rather than PPI only treatment.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-141
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• 2010

Pyogenic granuloma in larynx is very rare. It is benign disease, and histopathologically it looks like capillary-rich hemangioma. The most common etiology of pyogenic granuloma is laryngeal trauma, usually related to intubation. It can be treated with speech therapy, medication, or surgical resection. We experienced a case of large pyogenic granuloma in larynx with feeding vessels of a 24-year-old woman. When she visited us, she suffered from dyspnea. We had performed excision of laryngeal mass by laryngeal microsurgery emergently. She was diagnosed with pyogenic granuloma in larynx after operation.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1993년도 제27차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.76-76
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• 1993

기관내 삽관은 전신마취 및 기도 확보를 위해 시행되어 왔으나, 이비인후과 영역의 합병증으로는 육아종 등이 유발될 수 있는 문제점을 안고 있다. 이에 저자들은 1982년부터 1992년까지 만 10년 동안 본원 이비인후과에서 경험한 16례에서 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령 분포는 20세에서 49세까지가 84% 로써 가장 많았으며 남녀 비는 1 : 7 로써 여성에서 호발 하였다. 2. 임상증상으로 애성 12례(75 %), 후두 이물감 3례(18 %), 호흡곤란 1례(6 %)이었다. 3. 발생 부위로는 양측성 6례(37 %), 일측성 10례(63 %)중 우측 7례(70 %), 좌측 3례(30 %)이었고 발생 장소는 피열연골 성대돌기 8례(50 %), 성대 후방1/3 부위 6례(37 %), 성대 중앙 부위 2례(12 %)이었다. 4. 과거력상 삽관후 임상 증상 발현 기간은 1 개월이내 7례(44 %)로 가장 많았으며 4 개월 이상은 없었다. 5. 과거력상 수술 종류 및 빈도수는 제왕절개술이 6례(37 %)로써 가장 많았다. 6. 평균삽관 시간은 2시간 5분 이었다. 7. 튜브재질은 모두 rubber tube 이었다. 8. 수술후 재발은 1례(6 %)이었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.185-187
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• 2000

The etiology of vocal fold granuloma was identified : post-endotracheal intubation, vocal abuse, acid reflux and idiopathic. The identification of the cause or causal factor is important, since the treatment must be fundamental directed at them. Treatment have included voice therapy and antireflux measures. Surgical excision is considered in patients who do not respond to medical management. In this study, a case of vocal fold granuloma resolved who underwent injection of the affected vocal fold. Botulinum toxin type A is probably successful by decreasing the strength during adduction in the arytenoid region which, when very intense, would perpetuate the granuloma. Localized injection of this neurotoxin is promising both as an initial treatment and as an alternative treatment in patients who do not respond to standard therapy.