• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 1999

Development and reproduction of the sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata, were investigated under different temperature regimes. Duration of development from egg to pre-adult of the sycamore lace bug measured seven temperatures ranged from 54.0 days at 18$^{\circ}$C to 17.9 days at 33$^{\circ}$C. Development was not successful at 15$^{\circ}$C and 35$^{\circ}$C. Developmental zero point and total effective temperature for development of egg, nymphal, and complete development were 1 1 .O, 10.9, ll.l$^{\circ}$C and 150.3, 230.6, 376.1 degree-days, respectively. Longevities of adult females varied to temperature from 51.8 days at 18$^{\circ}$C to 17.2 days at 33$^{\circ}$C. The average fecundity per female was greater at 25$^{\circ}$C and 28$^{\circ}$C compared with at other temperatures. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r,) and net reproduction rate (R,) were highest at 28$^{\circ}$C as 0.170 and 73.25, respectively. As a result, optimum ranges of temperature for C. ciliata growth were between 25$^{\circ}$C and 28$^{\circ}$C.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2003

Development and reproduction of Dichromothrips smithi were investigated under different temperatures, Durations of the development from egg to pre-adult of D. smithi were measured under 11 temperature ranges and it was 44.0 days at 13$^{\circ}C$ and 8.7 days at 32$^{\circ}C$. Developmental zero point and total effective temperature for the development of egg and larva, prepupa, pupa and for the complete development (egg to emergence) were 9.4, 8.9, 10.5, 10.8 and 9.5$^{\circ}C$, and 46.1, 90.1, 23.9, 41.2 and 204.4 degree days, respectively. The adult longevity was 28.3 days at 15 C and 14.3 days at 30$^{\circ}C$. The highest average fecundity per female was 69.3 at 25 C. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$\_$m/) and the highest net reproduction rate (R$\_$o/) were 0.241 at 30$^{\circ}C$ and 56.56 at 25$^{\circ}C$. The optimum temperature range for the growth of D. smithi was between 25$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2002

Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of the Udea ferrugalis Hubner were investigated at various temperatures (10, 15, 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, 30$\^{C}$). The development times of eggs, larvae, prepupae and pupae were shorter in higher temperatures than in lower ones. Egg and pupa did not develop at 10$\^{C}$. The lower developmental threshold temperatures for eggs, larvae, pupae were 9.5, 9.6 and 11.9$\^{C}$, respectively, and their thermal requirements for development completion were 87.9, 200.9 and 119.7 degree-days at the same temperature, respectively. Adult longevity was 25.2 days at 15$\^{C}$, 7.3 at 23$\^{C}$ and 5.3 at 30$\^{C}$. Mean fecundity per female was higher at 20-23$\^{C}$ compared to other temperatures. Mean generation time in days (T) was shorter in higher temperature region. Net reproductive rate per generation (Ro) was lowest at 15$\^{C}$ (138.2) and it was highest at 20$\^{C}$ (265.4). The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$\_$m/) was highest at 25$\^{C}$ as 0.247. As a result, it was considered that optimum range of temperature for U. ferrugalis growth was 20.0 to 23$\^{C}$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.297-300
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• 2001

Development and reproduction of the persimmon fruit moth, Stathmopoda masinissa, were investigated under different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 3$0^{\circ}C$). It took 96.1 days to grow from egg to adult at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 43.2 days at $25^{\circ}C$, and 34.6 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$. At 15$^{\circ}C$, all tested individuals died before pupation. The developmental threshold temperatures for egg, larva, pupa, and adult were 12.2, 13.5, 13.8, and 13.4$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The total effective temperatures for egg, larva, pupa, and egg to adult were 74.0, 331.3, 160.5, and 569.9 degree days, respectively. The hatching, pupation, and emergence rates were highest at $25^{\circ}C$. The average life span of adult prior to laying eggs and the total life span of adult were 12.6 and 29.3 days at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3.8 and 8.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$, and 2.5 and 7.0 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Mean generation time in days (T) was shorter at higher temperature. Net reproductive rate per generation (R$_{o}$) was lowest at 2$0^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$_{m}$) was highest at $25^{\circ}C$ as 0.066.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2005

Temperature is an important ambient factor affecting the physiology and metabolism of aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we studied about the survival, reproduction and growth effects of 4 different temperatures(16, 20, 24, $28^{\circ}C$) in four Korean cladoceran, Daphnia sp., Daphnia obtusa, Moina macrocopa, Simocephalus vetulus and Daphnia magna as an international standard species. All 5 water flea tested showed that molting time, fecundity and intrinsic rate of natural increase(r) in high temperature condition were higher than those in lower temperature. On the other hand, lower survivals and longer time to start of offspring were showed in high temperature. Our results suggest that the optimal temperatures of Daphnia sp.,, Moina macrocopa and Simocephalus vetulus seem to be about $20^{\circ}C$ except for Daphnia obtusa which as showed good survivals and reproductions in $16^{\circ}C$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2002

The present study was aimed to examine the effect of different host plants on the biological property of cotton caterpillar, outbreak pest of cucurbit vegetables. The feeding and oviposition preferences toward cucumber and pumpkin were greater than those toward watermelon, oriental melon, and melon. The periods of egg and larva fed on oriental melon, melon, and pumpkin were longer than those on watermelon and cucumber. The longest pupal period was 10.5 days from cucumber. The hatching rate, pupation rate, emergence rate, and survival rate were observed from different host plants. The hatching rate was the highest on cucumber (87.2%) and the lowest on melon (72.8%). The pupation rate on watermelon and oriental melon (90.0% and 89.1%, respectively) was higher than that on cucumber (62.0%). The emergence rate on cucumber and pumpkin (93.5% and 92.0%, respectively) was higher than that on oriental melon (78.7%). The survival rate from hatching to emergence on watermelon (76.0%) was the highest, and the lowest on cucumber (50.0%). The adult period on melon (21.0 days) was the longest, and the shortest on cucumber (15.5 days) among 5 host plants. Average number of eggs per female on cucumber (281.8 eggs) was the highest, and the least on oriental melon (96.6 eggs). The survivorship on cucumber was the longest (30 days), and the shortest on pumpkin (17 days). The preoviposition period on oriental melon and melon (3.4 days) was longer than that on watermelon (2.1 days) and mean generation time in day (T) on melon was the longest (47.2 days) though they were not significant. The net reproductive rate per generation (R$_{o}$) on cucumber, 191.3, was the highest and the highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$_{m}$) was observed from cucumber as 0.127. All these results suggest that the growth ana reproduction of cotton caterpillar varies depending upon the kind of host plants. The analysis of the life table revealed that cucumber and pumpkin were the favorable host plants of cotton caterpillar.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.723-730
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• 2011

In this experiment, persulfate, a strong oxidant for ISCO (In-Situ Chemical Oxidation) was used to degraded RDX in artificial ground water at ambient temperature. Results of RDX degradation by persulfate in a batch reactor showed that the oxidation reaction was pseudo first order with estimated Ea (activation energy) of $1.14{\times}10^2kJ/mol$ and the rate was increased with the increase of reaction temperature. The oxidation of RDX by persulfate increased slightly with the increase of initial solution pH from 4 to 8. The RDX oxidation rate increased 13 times at pH 10 compared with that at pH 4, however, alkaline hydrolysis was found to be the main reaction of RDX degradation rather than oxidation. The study also showed that the oxidation rate of RDX by persulfate was linearly dependent upon the molar ratios of persulfate to RDX from 5 : 1 up to 100 : 1, with a proportion constant of $4{\times}10^{-4}$ ($min^{-1}$/molar ratio) at $70^{\circ}C$. While NOM (Natural Organic Matter) exerted negative effects on the oxidation rate of RDX by persulfate, with a proportion constant of $1.21{\times}10^{-4}$ ($min^{-1}{\cdot}L/mg-NOM$) at $70^{\circ}C$ and persulfate/NOM molar ratio of 10/1. The decrease in RDX oxidation rate was linearly dependent upon the added NOM concentration. However, the estimated activation energy in the presence of 20 mg-NOM/L was within 3.3% error compared to that without NOM, which implies the addition of NOM does not alter intrinsic oxidation reaction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4603-4606
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• 2013

Background: Cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women, has a high mortality rate. Cisplatin, an antitumor agent, is generally used for its treatment. However, the administration of cisplatin is associated with side effects and intrinsic resistance. Morinda citrifolia (Noni), a natural plant product, has been shown to have antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Both HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines were treated with 10% Noni, 10 mg/dl cisplatin, or a combination of both 10% Noni and 10 mg/dl cisplatin for 24 hours. Post culturing, the cells were pelleted and stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ for malondialdehyde and catalase assays. Results: On treatment with Noni, CP, and their combination, the level of MDA decreased by 0.76 fold, 0.49 fold, and 0.68 fold respectively in HeLa cells; and by 0.93 fold, 0.67 fold, and 0.79 fold respectively in SiHa cells, as compared to their controls; whereas catalase activity increased by 1.61 fold, 0.54 fold, and 2.35 fold, respectively in HeLa cells; and by 0.98 fold, 0.39 fold, and 1.85 fold respectively in SiHa cells. Conclusions: A decrease in level of lipid peroxidation and an increase in catalase activity were observed with Noni by itself and the effect ameliorated changes observed with cisplatin when given in combination.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2003

Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of the Luciola lateralis were investigated at various temperatures. The development time of eggs, larvae, and pupae were shorter at higher temperatures than at lower ones. The insect did not develop at 10$^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$. The hatchability was 61.5% at 15$^{\circ}C$, 73.9% at 20$^{\circ}C$, 93.3% at 23$^{\circ}C$, 91.8% at 25$^{\circ}C$, 74.0% at 27$^{\circ}C$, and 46.0% at 30$^{\circ}C$, indicating the best hatchability rate at the temperature condition of 23 DC. Larval periods were 341.5:t 23.2 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 265.5${\pm}$17.5 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, and 250.9${\pm}$11.7 days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Pupal periods were 94.7${\pm}$11.5 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 41.7${\pm}$9.1 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, and 18.5${\pm}$7A days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Emergence rate was 23.3, 89.3 and 80.7%, respectively at the above temperatures. Adult longevity of female was 18.0 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 2004 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, 10.7 days at 25$^{\circ}C$, and 5.8 days at 30$^{\circ}C$. Mean fecundity per female was higher at 20$^{\circ}C$ compared with at other temperatures. The developmental zero point temperatures (1) and the total effect temperatures (I<) of egg, larva, pupa, and complete development were 10.6, 14.0, and l3.1$^{\circ}C$ and 214.8, 1,564.8, and 229.2 degree-days, respectively. Mean generation time in days (T) was shorter at higher temperature. Net reproductive rate per generation (Ra) was the lowest at the highest temperature as well as at the lowest, and it was 177.19 which was the highest at 23$^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$\sub$m/) was highest at 27$^{\circ}C$ as 0.019. As a result, optimum range of temperature for L. lateralis growth was between 20-25$^{\circ}C$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.278-286
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• 1995

Adaptation of Anisopteromalus calandrae maintained on rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) to an alternative host, adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) was studied. A. calandrae required two generations to adapt to the adzuki been weevil. Through the adaptation, the mean($\pm$SEM) life span of th females became shorter $8.7\pm$1.3 days at the first generation to $6.9\pm$0.6 days at the second generation. Number of eggs laid per female increased from 29.3$\pm$7.7 to $68.2\pm$6.5. Consequently intrinsic rate of natural increase and net reproductive rate were increased. The generation time and population doubling time were decreased. The searching efficiency based on functional and numerical response of A. calandrae to the adzuki bean weevil were similar to each other, but the coefficient of variation decreased with the generation, suggesting that searching efficiency became stable when the parasitoid adapted to adzuki bean weevil. No time lag was required for A. calandrae adapted to the adzuki bean weevil to adapt again to th rice weevil and the searching efficiency of the parasitoid remained on a similar level for the first generation on.