• 천문학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2013

We present results on the intrinsic brightness temperature of a sample of compact radio sources observed at 86 GHz using the Global Millimeter VLBI Array. We use the observed brightness temperatures at 86 GHz and the observed superluminal motions at 15 GHz for the sample in order to constrain the characteristic intrinsic brightness temperature of the sample. With a statistical method for studying the intrinsic brightness temperatures of innermost jet cores of compact radio sources, assuming that all sources have the same intrinsic brightness temperature and the viewing angles of their jets are around the critical value for the maximal apparent speed, we find that sources in the sample have a characteristic intrinsic brightness temperature, $T_0=4.8^{+2.6}_{-1.5}{\times}10^9K$, which is lower than the equipartition temperature for the condition that the particle energy equals to the magnetic field energy. Our results suggest that the VLBI cores seen at 86 GHz may be representing a jet region where the magnetic field energy dominates the total energy in the jet.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-92
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• 1999

In Bayesian model selection or testing problems, one cannot utilize standard or default noninformative priors, since these priors are typically improper and are defined only up to arbitrary constants. The resulting Bayes factors are not well defined. A recently proposed model selection criterion, the intrinsic Bayes factor overcomes such problems by using a part of the sample as a training sample to get a proper posterior and then use the posterior as the prior for the remaining observations to compute the Bayes factor. Surprisingly, such Bayes factor can also be computed directly from the full sample by some proper priors, namely intrinsic priors. The present paper explains how to derive intrinsic priors for simple tree ordered exponential means. Some numerical results are also provided to support theoretical results and compare with classical methods.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2017

The paper examines how empowering leadership and intrinsic motivation contributed to explaining in-role behavior. In order to verify the relationships and mediating effect, data were collected from 414 individuals in employees working in small and medium-sized firms at Jinju, Changwon, Gimhae, Busan City to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. All data collected from the survey were analyzed using with SPSS 18.0. This study reports findings as follows: first, the relationship between the empowering leadership and the intrinsic motivation is positively related. Second, there was also a positive correlation between the intrinsic motivation and the in-role behavior. Third, the relationship between the empowering leadership and the in-role behavior is positively related. Finally, the intrinsic motivation played as a partial mediator on the relationship between empowering leadership and in-role behavior. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intrinsic motivation and e-learning strategies on nursing students' learning satisfaction in blended e-learning environment. Method: The survey was performed with 111 undergraduate nursing students who have taken community health nursing in 1 university. The data was collected by questionnaires and were analyzed with the IBM SPSS statistics 20.0, using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: The mean score for intrinsic motivation was 3.25, for e-learning strategies, 3.56, and for learning satisfaction, 3.69. Significant positive correlation among intrinsic motivation, e-learning strategies, and learning satisfaction. The regression model explained 41.4% of learning satisfaction. Both intrinsic motivation and e-learning strategies were significant predictor of learning satisfaction. Conclusion: In order to improve the learners' learning achievement and learning satisfaction in blended e-learning environment, intrinsic motivation should be strengthen and e-learning strategies should be developed.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 short-channel intrinsic-body SDG SOI MOSFET의 문턱전압 도출을 위한 간단한 해석적 모델을 제시하였다. Intrinsic silicon 채널 영역 및 gate oxide 내에서의 2차원 Laplace 방정식을 반복법(iteration method)으로 풀어 각 영역 내에서의 전위 분포를 채널에 수직한 방향의 좌표에 대해 4차 및 5차 다항식으로 표현하였으며 이로부터 표면전위를 도출하였다. 표면전위의 최소치가 0이 되는 게이트 전압을 문턱전압으로 제안하여 closed-form의 문턱전압 식을 도출하였다. 도출된 문턱전압 표현식을 모의 실험한 결과, 소자의 parameter와 가해진 bias 전압에 대한 정확한 의존성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2020

Purpose: The ultimate purpose of this work is to investigate gender differences in the relationships between product quality cues and perceived values at a food select shop. Specifically, this study examines the effects of internal and external cues, which are indicators of product quality, on emotional and social values based on gender differences. Research design, data and methodology: In this study, a questionnaire technique was used to collect the data necessary to test the proposed model. 183 data were collected through this technique. PLS SEM (Partial Least Squares Structured Equation Model) was used to test the research model. Results: First, there is no gender difference between intrinsic cue and emotional value. When using male and female data, there was no significant causal relationship between intrinsic cues and emotional values. Second, we found no gender difference between intrinsic cue and social value. When analyzed with female data, there was no significant causal relationship between intrinsic cue and social value. On the other hand, in the case of men, it was found that a weak causal relationship exists. Third, this study found gender difference between extrinsic cue and emotional value. In the case of men, it was found that a weak causal relationship exists, whereas in the case of women, a strong causal relationship exists between extrinsic cue and emotional value. Fourth, we found gender difference between extrinsic cue and social value. In the case of men, there was no causal relationship, whereas in the case of women, there was a strong causal relationship between extrinsic cue and social value. Finally, we found that there are moderating roles of gender in the relationship between external cues and perceived quality. Conclusions: As a result of analysis, it is necessary to focus on extrinsic clues of product in order to increase the perceived emotional and social values of women. On the other hand, in order to improve the perceived emotional and social values of men, it is necessary to pay attention to both intrinsic and extrinsic cues of product. Therefore, it is necessary to consider what clues and values are important to core customers.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2000

For the balanced variance component model, sometimes intraclass correlation coefficient is of interest. If there is little information about the parameter, then the reference prior(Berger and Bernardo, 1992) is widely used. Pettit nd Young(1990) considered a measrue of the effect of a single observation on a logarithmic Bayes factor. However, under such a reference prior, the Bayes factor depends on the ratio of unspecified constants. In order to discard this problem, influence diagnostic measures using the intrinsic Bayes factor(Berger and Pericchi, 1996) is presented. Finally, one simulated dataset is provided which illustrates the methodology with appropriate simulation based computational formulas. In order to overcome the difficult Bayesian computation, MCMC methods, such as Gibbs sampler(Gelfand and Smith, 1990) and Metropolis algorithm, are empolyed.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 1987

반경험적 분자궤도함수법인 MNDO방법을 사용하여 $SH^-,\;CN^-$ 그리고 $OH^-$와 메틸티오시아네이트(MTC)의 친핵성치환반응을 연구하였다. 각 친핵체에 대해 MTC세반응중심의 계산된 포텐샬에너지곡면(Intrinsic term)과 전이상태에서의 친핵체의 음전하크기(Solvent term)을 고려하여 가스상과 용액상에 대한 선택성을 논의하였다. 결과로써$SH^-$에 대해서는 선택성의 두 성분 모두 4-methylbenzylthiocyanate (4-MBTC)에 대해 얻어진 실험결과와 일치한반면 $CN^-$의 경우에는 고유항(Intrinsic term)의 선택성만이 일치하였고 $OH^-$의 경우에는 두 항중 어느것도 실험결과로 얻은 선택성과 일치하지 않았다. 정류점에서 모든 종에 대한 MNDO최적화된 구조들을 밝혔다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2008

This study is conducted to investigate the organization of Cheongunri in Cheong-song, as well as the characteristics of folk houses. In this study, 82 folk houses, including the villages, are surveyed; among them, 15 houses are intensively analyzed in terms of the structure of plane and the arrangement of space. The focus of study is on discovering an internal order system of villages and tracing a relationship between the characteristics of houses and the environmental factors. According to the results of the study, an Intrinsic order in Cheongunri is found to be related to the mountain axis, the road system, and the flow axis; and the form of folk houses is also found to be influenced by this order. The major characteristics of folk houses can be summarized as follows: (1) Most of the houses face east along the mountain axis, whereas houses influenced by the flow axis tend to face south. (2) The side of houses tend to be open to the outside, showing external directionality. This characteristic seems to be closely related to the direction of the main gate in a house site. (3) The layout of the main quarters and the annex quarters is found to be related to the direction of the main gate in a house site. Especially, the characteristics of courtyard are found to be affected by the annex quarters. From the above results, it can be concluded that villages have an intrinsic order depending on the geographic characteristics of a surrounding natural environment, and folk houses have also changed accordingly.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1382-1389
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• 2014

창업의 원천이자 출발점이라 할 수 있는 창업의지는 경제발전을 위한 원동력이나 다름없다. 본 연구는 그 중요성을 인식하고, 창업자의 셀프리더십과 창업의지 간에 창업효능감과 내재적 동기의 매개역할을 중심으로 변수 간의 인과관계를 고찰하였다. 그동안 창업의지의 영향요인에 관한 연구가 이루어져 왔으나, 셀프리더십과 창업의지와의 연관성을 살펴 본 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 창업을 하면 조직을 구성하게 되고 창업자는 조직구성원들을 이끌어 가기 위한 리더십을 발휘해야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 리더십을 발휘하기 이전에 셀프리더십이 선행되어야 하며, 이를 위해서는 리더 자신의 동기와 효능감이 수반되어야만 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 잠재적 창업자가 아닌 창업자의 셀프리더십과 자기효능감 및 내재적 동기와의 인과관계 규명을 통하여 보다 명확한 창업의지관련 이론적 실증적 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 창업보육기관 입주기업의 창업자로부터 받은 설문지 195부를 실증 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 셀프리더십이 창업효능감과 내재적 동기에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 셀프리더십이 창업효능감과 내재적 동기의 선행변수임을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 창업효능감과 내재적 동기가 창업의지에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 결국 창업의지를 높이기 위해서는 창업효능감과 내재적 동기의 역할이 중요함을 의미한다. 셋째, 본 연구의 핵심이라 할 수 있는 셀프리더십과 창업의지 간에 창업효능감과 내재적 동기의 매개효과를 보였다. 따라서 창업의지를 높이기 위해서는 창업효능감과 내재적 동기의 중요성을 인식하고 이를 증강시켜야 하며, 이를 위해 셀프리더십이 전제되어야 한다는 개념을 깊이 인식해야만 한다. 이와 같은 본 연구결과에 따라, 이론적 실무적 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.