• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.409-415
• /
• 2007

Allergy skin prick test and intradermal test represent one of the major tools in the diagnosis of IgE-mediated diseases like as atopic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food and drug allergy, and insect bite when properly performed. Skin tests are of particular importance in fields such as allergen standardization, pharmacology, and epidemiology. Even if skin tests seem easy to perform, adequate and proper interpretation requires well-trained physicians who can recognize the numerous factors that may modify the results of skin tests.

• Annals of dermatology
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.688-693
• /
• 2018

Background: There are few pharmacologic options to reduce erythema and flushing in patients with recalcitrant erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR). We previously reported two cases of refractory flushing and erythema of rosacea that were successfully treated with intradermal botulinum toxin injection, and additional research is needed to prove the efficacy and safety of this treatment. Objective: To report the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection as an aid in persistent erythema of rosacea patients. Methods: A total of 20 Korean patients with recalcitrant ETR were enrolled to receive treatment by injection of botulinum toxin. Patients received one treatment of intradermal botulinum toxin injection and were assessed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. The severity of erythema and telangiectasia was investigated by a non-treating physician, and the Erythema Index (EI) was assessed by mexameter at each visit. Patient satisfaction and any adverse events were also assessed at each visit. Results: 17 patients completed all follow-up visits and were included in the analysis. Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin significantly reduced erythema severity and EI in ETR patients. Patients reported a satisfaction score of $2.94{\pm}0.56$ at 8 weeks after treatment. Except for three patients who discontinued the study early due to inconvenience of facial muscle paralysis, 17 patients participating in the final analysis did not report side effects except injection pain at the time of the procedure. Conclusion: Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin can be used as an effective and relatively safe adjuvant agent for recalcitrant and persistent erythema of ETR patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.246-256
• /
• 1983

폐흡충증의 유행정도를 측정하는 데 사용하여 온 피내반응과 충란검사가 각각 특이도와 민감도에 문제를 갖고 있어 주민 중 현증 환자를 적절히 찾았다고 하기가 어렵게 되어가고 있다. 이러한 점을 개선하는 방법으로 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체를 검사함으로써 항체양성자의 수를 현증 환자의 수로 하는 방법을 폐흡충증 역학조사에 응용하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 특이항체를 면역효소진단법으로 측정하였을 때 그 효용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 전라남도 해남군 북평면과 북일면의 6개 국민학교, 2개 중학교, 1개 고등학교 학생과 2개 부락 주민 등 모두 4,285명을 우선 피내 반응으로 검사하고 폐흡충 피내반응 양성자에서 가래 검사를 한번 실시하였고 혈청을 채취하여 면역효소진단법으로 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체를 측정하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 대상자 4,285명 중 폐홉충 피내반응 양성자는 244명 (5.7%)이었고, 피내반응 양성자 중 충란 양성자는 7명 (4.2%), 면역효소진단법에 의한 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 40명 (16.7%)이었다. 전체 조사 대상자에 대한 충란 양성자의 비율은 0. 16%, 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 0.93%에 해당하였다. 2. 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 충란 양성자에서는 100%, 폐흡충 피내 반응은 양성이나 충란검사 음성자에서는 14.2%에서 나타났으나, 간흡충 피내반응 양성자 또는 피내반응 음성 자에서는 나타나지 않았다. 3. 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 피내반응 구진의 크기 9mrn이하에서는 없었고, 10mm에서는 5.5%, 11∼12mm에서는 26.1% 및 18.2%, 13mm이상에서는 평균 42.4%에서 양성이었다. 4. 특이항체 양성자 31명을 임상적으로 조사한 바 검사소건(흉부 X-선, 충란검사 및 호산구 비율)에서 폐흡충증에 합치하는 이상소견이 24례에서 나타나 현증 폐홉충증 환자로 생각할 수 있었고, 나머지 7례중 3례는 폐흡충증의 과거력이나 쳔증 증상을 갖고 있었으며 4례에서는 특이항체 양성소견 이외에는 어느 검사로도 폐흡충증임을 증명할 수가 없었다. 5. 폐홉충 특이 IgG항체 양성자 수의 피내반응 양성자 수에 대한 비율은 연령별로 7∼9세에서는 16.6%, 10∼14세에서 25.4%, 15w18세 군에서는 18.3%이었고 20세 이상에서는 10.0%로 떨어지고 있었다. 6. 체홉충 특이 IgG항체 양성자는 북평면의 산골 마을에서 주로 나타나고 있었다. 이상과 같은 결과에서 면역효소 진단법에 의하여 폐흡충 특이 IgG항체 양성자를 조사함으로써 어느 지역의 폐흡충중 현증 환자를 피내 반응이나 충란 검사보다도 더 사실에 가깝게 측정할 수 있다고 생각하였다. (이 연구를 수행하는데 현지조사를 직접 간접으로 도와 주신 해남군 보건소 민 경 소장님과 김용팔 주사, 북평면 면사무소 직원여러분과 해남군 교육청, 각급학교 교직원 여러분께 감사드립니다. 환자의 흉부 X-선 사진을 판독하여 주신 중앙의대 부속 성심병원 방사선과 과장 정전상 부교수께 도 감사드립니다. )

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2014

Background: The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common cause of severe hand pain. In this study we treated acute pain in CTS patients by means of local intradermal injections of anti-inflammatory drugs (mesotherapy). Methods: In twenty-five patients (forty-five hands), CTS diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and neurophysiological examination prior to mesotherapy. A mixture containing lidocaine 10 mg, ketoprophen lysine-acetylsalycilate 80 mg, xantinol nicotinate 100 mg, cyanocobalamine 1,000 mcg plus injectable water was used. Sites of injection were three parallel lines above the transverse carpal ligament and two v-shaped lines, one at the base of the thenar eminence, and the other at the base of the hypothenar eminence. Results: The day after the treatment, all but four patients reported a significant reduction in pain and paresthesias. After 12 months, 17 patients had a complete pain relief, eight patients reported recurrence of pain and sensory symptoms and four out of them underwent surgical treatment. Conclusions: With the obvious limits of a small-size open-label study, our results suggest that mesotherapy can temporary relieve pain and paresthesias in most CTS patients and in some cases its effect seems to be long-lasting. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings and to compare mesotherapy to conventional approaches for the treatment of CTS.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2009

SBovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of animals and humans caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Besides the classical intradermal tuberculin test, a number of blood and serum tests have been used. The purpose of this study was to establish seroprevalence of M. bovis. The sera were screened using the ELISA technique. A total seroprevalence of 65.8% in positive cattle, suspect 36.0%, negative 5.9% in TB-infected herds by PPD and dairy cattle is 3.0%, Hanwoo is 1.6% in TB-free herds. The deer of seroprevalence is 55.0% in TB-infected herd and 7.7% in TB-free herds.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2013

Leishmania tropica is one of the causative agents of leishmaniasis in humans. Routes of infection have been reported to be an important variable for some species of Leishmania parasites. The role of this variable is not clear for L. tropica infection. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of route of L. tropica infection on the disease outcome and immunologic parameters in BALB/c mice. Two routes were used; subcutaneous in the footpad and intradermal in the ear. Mice were challenged by Leishmani major, after establishment of the L. tropica infection, to evaluate the level of protective immunity. Immune responses were assayed at week 1 and week 4 after challenge. The subcutaneous route in the footpad in comparison to the intradermal route in the ear induced significantly more protective immunity against L. major challenge, including higher delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, more rapid lesion resolution, lower parasite loads, and lower levels of IL-10. Our data showed that the route of infection in BALB/c model of L. tropica infection is an important variable and should be considered in developing an appropriate experimental model for L. tropica infections.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics, lidocaine and prilocaine) on pain during ampicillin sodium intradermal (ID) skin test, and also to assess skin reaction after the skin test. Methods: Forty-three nurse-volunteers had skin tests with 0.01ml-0.05ml ampicillin sodium antibiotics. Skin tests were done on each forearm to compare the pain level of the skin test site after application of EMLA cream with the pain level when no EMLA cream was applied. EMLA cream was applied at the ID skin test site with an occlusive dressing for one hour. Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and pain sensation using the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The transverse diameter of the wheal and redness was read right after and at 15 minutes after the skin test. The results were compared using independent t-tests. Results: Pain score and sensation with EMLA cream treatment were significantly lower than when EMLA cream was not applied. There was no difference in skin reactions; reading of the skin test was not affected by EMLA cream. Conclusions: EMLA cream was found to be an effective local anesthetic to relieve the pain of clients having ampicillin sodium antibiotics ID skin tests.

• 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.468-476
• /
• 2018

Perioperative anaphylaxis, although rare, is a severe, life-threatening unexpected systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Simultaneous administration of various drugs during anesthesia, the difficulty of communicate with patients in sedation and anesthesia, and coverage of the patient with surgical drapes are considered to be factors that impede early recognition of anaphylactic reactions. It is very important to perform an intradermal skin test because antibiotics are the most common cause of perioperative anaphylaxis. We report a case of negative-intradermal skin test antibiotic anaphylaxis mistaken for local aesthetic systemic toxicity without increase of serum tryptase for confirmative diagnostic biomaker during surgery under brachial plexus block. It is not possible to exclude the danger of anaphylaxis completely, even if it is negative-intradermal skin test and normal tryptase level. Therefore, anesthesiologists should be closely monitored and treated early for antibiotics related hypersensitive reaction, like other medicines during anesthesia.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 1982

Paragonimus westermani is one of the most popular endemic parasitic diseases in Korea. The nation-wide prevalence survey were carried out by Gobayashi (1921) with sputum examination and by Walton and Chyu (1959) with the intradermal skin test respectively. Recent studies showed the decline of positive rate in intradermal skin test of the local inhabitants and also showed the less distribution of intermediate host. The fact seemed that caused by economic improvement of village people, decrease of intermediate host by increasing use of pesticides, becoming lower water level at streams and rivers and better irrigation and finally by better community health education etc. Gangwha area of Gyeonggi-Do was found out as an endemic area of Paragonimus westermani through some studies in the past, however, in the vicinity area of Gangwha, the study in Kyodong island (myon) was carried out in 1965 by Yun et al. Therefore author carried out the intradermal skin test for 2,380 students of primary, middle and high school in Kyodong island and Samsan island. The results showed as follows : 1) The positive rate of intradermal test for paragonimus westermani infection showed positive in 152 among 1,845 students (8.2%) in Kyodong island, and 21 among 637 students (3.3%) in Samsan island respectively. 2) According to grade levels, 49 among 973 students (5.0%) in primary school, 62 among 962 students (6.4%) in middle school and 53 among 445 students (11.9%) in high school showed positive rate. This showed the higher grade the higher positive rate. 3) Among these total 164 positive cases in the intradermal skin test, only in 3 cases eggs were found in sputum. 4) Finding out the intermediate host, only 28 crayfishes from Kyodong island and 12 from Samsan island were collected and examined for metacercaria infection, however, none of metacercaria was found. 5) As a control group, 2 primary schools from the main island were selected. In these schools from the sixth grade students showed positive rate of 4.8% in Naega primary school and 0% in Hajeom Primary school respectively. Those results showed much decrease than studies carried out in the past. 6) The survey for food habit showed that 15 among 1,274 students (1.2%) had experiences of eating raw intermediate host(crayfish) and 266 among 988 students (27.0%) ate cooked.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.1119-1125
• /
• 1999

Since Robert Koch found tubercle bacilli in 1882, the studies on tubercle bacilli of human and animal had been carried out. Being old tuberculin(OT) introduced in 1890, the specificity of the diagnosis of tuberculosis has been improved by continual uses of heat concentrated synthetic medium(HCSM) and purified protein derivatives(PPD) tuberculin. Now, two types of tuberculin test are used worldwidly ; the single intradermal test(SIT) using bovine tuberculin and the single intradermal comparative tuberculin test(SICTT) using avian and bovine tuberculins. In the SICTT, each countries have used with different combination of both avian and bovine tuberculins' titers. However, this kinds of studies have not reported in Korea. Therefore, the studies on the combination of their tuberculins' titers were performed through intradermal test of guinea pigs sensitized with either Mycobacterium bovis or M avium and were examined in 10 cattles of SIT positive reactors. Also, IFN-${\gamma}$ assay, the latest diagnostic method of bovine tuberculosis, was experimentally applied to SIT positive reactors. For determining the optimal titers, sensitized guinea pigs with M bovis and M avium were intradermally injected avian and bovine tuberculin. In guinea pigs sensitized with M bovis, bovine tuberculin 50 T.U. showed significant difference from all tested concentrations of avian tuberculin(p < 0.05). In guinea pigs sensitized with M avium, there is significantly different between bovine tuberculin and avian tuberculin by 25 T.U.(p < 0.01). Therefore, optimal titers of bovine and avian PPD tuberculins' titers for the SICTT in Korea were 5,000 and 2,500 tuberculin units, respectively, and the swelling diffences between bovine and avian site in SIT positive reactors were above 3mm. Also, in IFN-${\gamma}$ assay, the 9 SIT positive reactors were showed all the positive reactions.