• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 1999

The immunogenicity of the recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rh-bFGF) was investigated by tests for active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), passive hemagglutination (PHA) and guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) in mice or guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were sensitized with rh-bFGF ($100-1000\;\mu\textrm{g}/kg$) or rh-bFGF-CFA mixture ($1000\;\mu\textrm{g}/kg$). All animals sensitized with rh-bFGF alone or mixture with CFA showed symptoms of anaphylactic shock. IgE antibodies to rh-bFGF were detected in sera obtained from rh-bFGF and rh-bFGF-Alum ($1000\;\mu\textrm{g}/kg$) sensitized mice, indicating that rh-bFGF has immunogenicity eliciting potential. IgG and/or IgM antibodies to rh-bFGF were also detected in all the sera obtained from sensitized mice by PHA. In the GPMT for delayed type skin reaction, no skin reaction was observed in sensitized guinea pigs after intradermal injection and dermal application of 0.01% rh- bFGF. However, these positive reactions were consistent with the results of another rh-bFGF, showing that rh- bFGF is a heterogenous protein to rodents. Considering the fact that rh-bFGF is a genuine human protein of which structure is identical to the endogenous human bFGF, it is thought that rh-bFGF is rarely associated with immunological problems in clinical use.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Objective : To suggest a scientific evidence of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata: ALRP) as one of cooling and heating medicines on the regulation of body temperature, we investigated the effects of ALRP water extract on hypothyroidism. Methods : Hypothyroidism was induced by intradermal injection with PTU for 4 weeks in SD rats. ALRP extract or L-thyroxine as a control drug was orally administrated for 2 weeks with PTU injection in rats. The physiological and serological parameters were measured in rats. The histological change of thyroid tissues was observed by H&E staining, and also the expression of thermo-regulating proteins was determined by Western blot in dorsal root ganglia and brain tissues of rats. Results : The administration of ALRP extract in PTU-induced hypothyroidism rats was significantly increased body temperature, but did not changes on body weight, food and water intake. ALRP extract did not effect on the levels of TSH and T4 in the hypothyroidism rats. ALRP extract significantly decreased the levels of GPT, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol in the hypothyroidism rats. In histological observation, the enlarged epithelium and atrophic follicles with higher concentration of follicular cells on hypothyroidism were improved by ALRP extract. In addition, ALRP extract increased the expression of TRPV1 and TRPM8 ion channel proteins in hypothyroidism rats. Conclusion : These results indicate that ALRP extract can improve PTU-induced hypothyroidism through regulation of body temperature and lipid accumulation. The action mechanism of ALRP extract is related with body temperature control by thermoregulation with TRP ion channels.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Objective: There are currently no disease-modifying medications or definite long-term sustainable interventions for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating an unmet treatment need. Our goal was to create a long-term sustainable intervention for PD patients that can be used in Korean medicine clinics. Methods: The Meridian Activation Remedy System (MARS) was created to stimulate a patient's 12 meridians and sinew channels using a combination of acupoint stimulation and exercise. The acupoints and motions used in MARS were selected through literature studies and expert advice. The methodologies were refined using observational and case studies. With slow and fast movements, the MARS intervention was intended to activate both slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Intradermal acupuncture and motion that shift the center of gravity were employed to enhance the patient's balance and proprioception. In addition, the intervention included alternating movement exercises to address the complex cognitive decline commonly occurring in PD patients. Results: The following acupoints were chosen for the MARS intervention: bilateral Hegu (LI4), Houxi (SI3), Waiguan (TE5), Neiguan (PC6), Zhongchong (PC9), Yuji (LU10), Zusanli (ST36), Yanglingquan (GB34), Taichong (LR3), Kunlun (BL60), and Taixi (KI3). We also developed actions that can stimulate the body's 12 meridians. Conclusion: We developed the MARS intervention, which combines acupuncture and exercise, to address the unmet therapeutic needs of PD patients. We hope that with additional research, the MARS intervention can be set as an effective therapeutic program for PD patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2023

The β subunits of high voltage-gated calcium channels (HGCCs) are essential for optimal channel functions such as channel gating, activation-inactivation kinetics, and trafficking to the membrane. In this study, we report for the first time the potent blood pressure-reducing effects of peptide fragments derived from the β subunits in anesthetized and non-anesthetized rats. Intravenous administration of 16-mer peptide fragments derived from the interacting regions of the β1 [cacb1(344-359)], β2 [cacb2(392-407)], β3 [cacb3(292-307)], and β4 [cacb4(333-348)] subunits with the main α-subunit of HGCC decreased arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner for 5-8 min in anesthetized rats. In contrast, the peptides had no effect on the peak amplitudes of voltage-activated Ca²⁺ current upon their intracellular application into the acutely isolated trigeminal ganglion neurons. Further, a single mutated peptide of cacb1(344-359)-cacb1(344-359)_K357R-showed consistent and potent effects and was crippled by a two-amino acid-truncation at the N-terminal or C-terminal end. By conjugating palmitic acid with the second amino acid (lysine) of cacb1(344-359)_K357R (named K2-palm), we extended the blood pressure reduction to several hours without losing potency. This prolonged effect on the arterial blood pressure was also observed in non-anesthetized rats. On the other hand, the intrathecal administration of acetylated and amidated cacb1(344-359)_K357R peptide did not change acute nociceptive responses induced by the intradermal formalin injection in the plantar surface of rat hindpaw. Overall, these findings will be useful for developing antihypertensives.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

목적: BCG 접종 후의 비교적 흔한 이상반응인 국소 림프절염은 일반적으로 1% 미만에서 발생하는데 BCG 균주와 접종법 등에 따라 발생률이 다를 수 있다. 현재 우리나라에서는 Danish 균주 피내법과 Tokyo 균주 경피법의 BCG가 접종되고 있으며, 이에 대한 국소 림프절염의 발생률을 조사하였다. 방법: 총 25개의 의료기관(종합병원 5개소, 소아청소년과 의원 20개소)에서 조사가 이루어졌다. BCG 균주의 종류는 접종 부위의 반흔을 직접 확인하였고, BCG 접종 후 림프절염의 발생 여부는 보호자에게 직접 질문을 하여 확인하였다. 림프절염이 발생한 경우는 그 위치, 크기, 화농화 여부 및 경과, 치료법에 대해서도 조사하였다. 결과: 모두 3,342례에서 조사되었고, 이 중 기준에 적합한 대상자만을 분석하였는데 총 3,222례로 Tokyo 균주 경피법이 2,501례, Danish 균주 피내법이 721례이었다. 림프절의 크기를 고려하지 않을 때의 BCG 림프절염은 각 균주마다 5례에서 발생하여 그 발생률이 Tokyo 균주 경피법은 0.20%, Danish 균주 피내법에서는 0.69%이었다(P=0.086). 그러나 국제보건기구의 기준, 즉 림프절의 직경이 1.5 cm 이상일 때를 림프절염이 발생한 것으로 정의했을 때 Tokyo 균주 경피법은 0.16% (4례), Danish 균주 피내법에서는 0.42% (3례)이었다. 결론: 현재 국내에서 사용하고 있는 두 가지 BCG 균주, Tokyo 균주 경피법과 Danish 균주 피내법에 대한 림프절염 발생률은 각각 0.20%와 0.69%로 두 균주 모두 받아들여지는 수치이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

목 적 : BCG는 생균 백신이므로 국소궤양이나 림프절염은 물론 BCG균에 의한 전신감염도 보고되고 있다. 특히 BCG 접종 후 발생한 화농성 림프절염은 치료 방법이 명확하지 않은 상태이다. 저자들은 BCG 접종 후 발생한 화농성 림프절염의 양상과 그 치료 방법의 하나로 세침흡인 후 rifampicin 국소투여의 치료효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 3월부터 2004년 6월까지 2년 3개월간 전북대학교병원 소아과에서 BCG 접종 후 화농성 림프절염이 발생한 32례의 환아를 대상으로 임상적 특징과 세침흡인 후 rifampicin 국소투여를 시행하고, 그 효과를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아는 32례였으며 남아가 19례(59.4%), 여아가 13례(40.6%)였다. 1례(재태연령 30주)를 제외하고 모두 정상 만삭아로 출생하였다. 접종받은 BCG 백신은 모두 French 균주 제품(대한결핵협회)이었고, BCG 접종장소는 보건소가 13례(40.6%)로 가장 많았고 그 외 개인의원이 4례, 종합병원이 2례, 대학 병원이 2례였다. 접종시기는 30례(93.8%)가 생후 4주 이내였으며, 모두 피내접종으로 접종부위는 오른쪽 엉덩이에 접종한 1례를 제외하고는 모두 좌측 삼각근(96.9%)에 접종하였다. 화농성 림프절염의 발생시기는 BCG 접종 후 1개월에서 10개월까지 다양하였으며 대부분 1-6개월 사이에 발생하였다(27례, 78.1%). 총 32례 중 28례(87.5%)에서 한 개의 림프절이 침범되었는데 발생한 위치로는 좌측 액와 림프절이 24례(75.0%)로 가장 많았고, 그 외 좌측 견갑부가 3례, 좌측 쇄골 상와 부위가 3례, 좌측 액와와 좌측 쇄골 상와 부위가 함께 발생한 1례, 우측 서혜부가 1례 있었다. 우측 서혜부에 발생한 경우는 우측 둔부에 접종을 받은 경우였다. 32례 중 4례(12.5%)에서 두개의 림프절이 침범되었는데 3례는 좌측 액와에서 발생하였고, 1례는 좌측 액와와 좌측 쇄골 상와 부위에서 동시에 발생하였다. 치료는 20 gauge의 주사기로 흡인한 후 rifampicin 용액(결핵연구원 : rifampicin 1 mg/mL)을 종창 내에 주입하였고. 치료 후 2-4주 간격으로 재치료의 필요성 및 치료효과를 관찰하였다. 치료결과 17례(53.1%)는 1회 투여로 완치되었으며, 13례(40.6%)는 2회, 2례(6.3%)는 3회 투여 후 별다른 부작용이나 후유증 없이 완치되었다. 결 론 : BCG 접종 후 발생한 화농성 림프절염은 병변이 진행되어 누공이 형성된 후에도 입원이나 전신마취 및 수술이 필요없이 세침흡인과 rifampicin 국소투여가 경제적이고 효과적으로 생각된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2014

Background: Antibiotic skin test(AST) is very useful for the diagnosis of drug allergies to prevent immediate allergic reactions. Although it is a safe and widespread method, it is performed very diversely by doctors and nurses without consistency and it also differs from countries and hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the current practice of AST by nurses in Korea and to compare it to the general guidelines. Methods: During January 1, 2013 to May 20, 2013, the study was conducted as questionnaires and case-based survey. The questionnaires were given to the nurses who were randomly selected in various University Hospitals (University Hospitals N=276, and Medical center N=19). The case-based surveys were given to the nurses who were conducting AST at various wards of a University Hospital (N=130). The analysis and evaluations of the responses were carried out. Results: The response rate for the questionnaires was 97.6% and 130 cases of the actual case-based surveys were collected. There were clear differences between the survey results and the general guidelines, such as the method of skin test (skin prick test was not conducted), the method of patient selection for AST, test drugs, concentration, volume and interpretation of AST. AST conducted by nurses was highly variable and inconsistent, even among nurses who worked in the same wards and hospitals. Manufactured standard concentration antibiotic solution of AST showed consistency of concentration to a certain degree. Conclusion: Although the general guidelines have been published by several countries including Korea, these are not a great help to nurses as they lack details for conducting AST, practical consideration for nurses in the clinical setting, propagation and education. Standardized guideline for nurses should be published and it should be a safe, clear, comfortable and easily accessible protocol. Futhermore, additional antibiotic solutions to standardize skin test should be developed and manufactured. Lastly, it would be the pharmacists role to compare their hospitals antibiotic skin test methods with the standard guidelines and develop a protocol within the hospital for patients' safety, and to strive to consistently implement it.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

The antigenicity of nonspecific immunostimulator BARODON$^{(R)}$, a newly developed drug, was investigated by tests for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in mice and guinea pigs. In ASA test using guinea pigs, there were no significant clinical symptoms in all individuals of low(0.3%) and high(3%) dose of both groups treated with only BARODON$^{(R)}$ and cotreated with BARODON$^{(R)}$ and adjuvant group. In PCA test, blue spots of Evan's were observed from $2^6$ to $2^{10}$ in homologous group and from $2^2{\sim}2^5$ dilution rate in heterologous group of BSA treated positive control group. However, intradermal sensitization with antiserum obtained from low (0.3%) and high (3%) dose of BARODON$^{(R)}$ only treatment group and treated-with-adjuvant group, followed by intravenous injection of respective antigen and Evan's blue mixture (1:1) showed no blue spot observed. In conclusion, BARODON$^{(R)}$, as showed in ASA and PCA test, did not cause anaphylatic shock when treated 3 and 10 times higher than clinically intended dose, nor induce IgE, so that might not have antigenic properties in mice and guinea pigs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was built to investigate the effect of Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture on the Collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of Bovine type II collagen solution into base of tail. Experimental group were divided into 5 groups ; Normal(N) group, Control(C) group, Trachelospermi Caulis high(TH) group, Trachelospermi Caulis low(TL) group, Saline(S) group(n=7 for each group). Normal group was had no management. Control group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken no treatment. Trachelospermi Caulis high group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken high-intensity(10mg/kg) herbal-acupuncture treatment on $ST_{36}$. Trachelospermi Caulis low group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken low-intensity(5mg/kg) herbal-acupuncture treatment on $ST_{36}$. Saline group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken saline injection on $ST_{36}$. Body weight, paw edema volume and ankle joint thickness were measured during experimental day. On the last experimental day, we analyzed WBC count, TNF-$\alpha$ & IL-$1{\beta}$ concentration, c-fos immunohistochemistry and NADPH-d histochemistry for evaluating the effect of Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture. Results : The results were as follows ; 1. In the change of paw edema volume, TH group only has significant difference compared with C group. 2. In the change of ankle joint thickness, TH group only has significant difference compared with C group. 3. In WBC count of serum, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 4. In TNF-$\alpha$ concentration of effusion, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with TL group. 5. In IL-$1{\beta}$ concentration of effusion, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with TL group. 6. In c-fos positive neurons of S1S2(cortex) region, TH, TL, S groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 7. In NADPH-d positive neurons of CPu(caudate putamen) region, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 8. In NADPH-d positive neurons of Tfp(transverse fibers of pons) region, TH, TL, S groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with S group. Conclusions : According to above results, we hope that Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture may have the effect that decreases progression and development of CIA. And it can be suggested that Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture may reduce the expression of c-fos and NOS.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2012

Objectives : 'Obtaining qi(deqi)' is a sensation experienced by a patient or an acupuncturist during acupuncture treatment, and it is considered to be an important factor in acupuncture treatment. However, previous studies reported conflicting results about the relationship between 'obtaining qi(deqi)' sensation and the effect of acupuncture treatment. Also, most of the previous studies investigating 'obtaining qi(deqi)' and the acupuncture effect, dealt with the analgesic effect of acupuncture. The objective of this study was to analyze the relation between the 'obtaining qi(deqi)' and the anti-itching effect of acupuncture treatment. Methods : Twenty one healthy subjects participated in this study. At the first visit, itch was induced to all subjects using intradermal injection of histamine on the lower arm. At the second visit, acupuncture treatment was applied using LI11 and 'obtaining qi(deqi)' was assessed. After acupuncture treatment, itch was induced again, and itch VAS and skin flare were assessed. Results: At the 6,8,10 minutes after histamine injection, the change of itch VAS between before and after acupuncture treatment was significant. Among 'obtaining qi(deqi)', subjects reported that 'dull ache', 'pricking', 'heavy' were most strong. Total score of 'obtaining qi(deqi)' sensation was not related to the change of itch VAS or skin flare. The 'electric shock' sensation is related to the change of itch VAS, and 'bruised' and 'heavy' sensations were related to the change of skin flare. Conclusions : Total 'obtaining qi(deqi)' is not related to the anti-itching effect of acupuncture, but several sensations showed relationship with the effect of acupuncture on itch severity and skin flare. Further researches based on various symptoms or acupuncture points, are needed.