• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2020

Purpose: A stability-measuring device that utilizes damping capacity analysis (DCA) has recently been introduced in the field of dental implantology. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of this device by measuring the implant stability of ex vivo samples in comparison with a resonance frequency analysis (RFA) device. Methods: Six implant beds were prepared in porcine ribs using 3 different drilling protocols to simulate various implant stability conditions. Thirty-six pork ribs and 216 bone-level implants measuring 10 mm in height were used. The implant beds were prepared using 1 of the following 3 drilling protocols: 10-mm drilling depth with a 3.5-mm-diameter twist drill, 5-mm drilling depth with a 4.0-mm-diameter twist drill, and 10-mm drilling depth with a 4.0-mm-diameter twist drill. The first 108 implants were external-connection implants 4.0 mm in diameter, while the other 108 implants were internal-connection implants 4.3 mm in diameter. The peak insertion torque (PIT) during implant placement, the stability values obtained with DCA and RFA devices after implant placement, and the peak removal torque (PRT) during implant removal were measured. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the implant stability quotient (ISQ) results obtained using the RFA device at the medial, distal, ventral, and dorsal points were 0.997, 0.994, 0.994, and 0.998, respectively. The ICCs of the implant stability test (IST) results obtained using the DCA device at the corresponding locations were 0.972, 0.975, 0.974, and 0.976, respectively. Logarithmic relationships between PIT and IST, PIT and ISQ, PRT and IST, and PRT and ISQ were observed. The mean absolute difference between the ISQ and IST values on a Bland-Altman plot was -6.76 (-25.05 to 11.53, P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of ex vivo studies, measurements made using the RFA and DCA devices were found to be correlated under a variety of stability conditions.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.60-67
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• 2011

Ultrasonography (US) is a recent technique that has proven to be useful for assessing muscle thickness and guiding the rehabilitation decision-making of clinicians and researchers. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-rater reliability of the US measurement of transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) thicknesses for different probe locations and measurement techniques. Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Muscle thicknesses of the transversus TrA, IO, and EO were measured three times in the hook-lying position. The three different probe locations were as follows: 1) Probe location 1 (PL1) was below the rib cage in direct vertical alignment with the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). 2) Probe location 2 (PL2) was halfway between the ASIS and the ribcage along the mid-axillary line. 3) Probe location 3 (PL3) was halfway between the iliac crest and the inferior angle of the rib cage, with adjustment to ensure the medial edge of the TrA. The two different techniques of thickness measurement from the captured images were as follows: 1) Muscle thickness was measured in the middle of the muscle belly, which was centered within the captured image (technique A; TA). 2) Muscle thickness was measured along a horizontal reference line located 2 cm apart from the medial edge of the TrA in the captured image (technique B; TB). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [3,k]) was used to calculate the inter-rater reliability of the thickness measurement of TrA, IO and EO using the values from both the first and second examiner. In all three muscles, moderate to excellent reliability was found for all conditions (probe locations and measurement techniques) (ICC=.70~.97). In the PL1-TA condition, inter-rater reliability in the three muscle thicknesses was good to excellent (ICC=.85~.96). The reliability of all measurement conditions was excellent in IO (ICC=.95~.97). Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that TA can be applied to PL1 by clinicians and researchers in order to measure the thickness of abdominal muscles.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2017

Objectives: To measure the quality of life in patients according to virtual cerebral palsy severity by using the Korean version of EQ-5D-Y proxy, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Time Trade-Off method (TTO). Methods: The study was conducted in parents of children and adolescents aged 4 to 15 years in Seoul. We analyzed the difference in the utility value according to five levels of cerebral palsy severity in the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and test-retest reliability. Results: 1. There were significant differences in VAS, TTO, and EQ-5D-Y proxy according to the cerebral palsy severity (p<.001). 2. VAS was significantly different according to the respondent's visit to the medical institution, the presence of disease in the respondent, a visit to the child's medical institution, the age of the child, and the sex of the child. The value of TTO was significantly different according to the respondent's visit to the medical institution, respondent's sex, and the age of the child. Also, EQ-5D-Y proxy was significantly different according to the age of the child. 3. Intraclass correlation coefficient values were more than 0.6 for both VAS and TTO at all stages. But for the EQ-5D-Y proxy, the value was less than 0.6 at all stages. Conclusions: The quality of life assessment using EQ-5D-Y proxy showed significant differences in the severity of cerebral palsy. However, large-scale studies using EQ-5D-Y proxy are needed because of low test-retest reliability.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intensive one-day training on Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 screening developmental coordination disorder. Methods : We provided intensive one-day training which combined lecture and practice on MABC-2 assessment tools for 33 trainees. Interrater reliability was calculated by using Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with the raw score of results scored simultaneously by experts and trainees of MABC-2. Results : The 33 female trainees with an average of five years and three months of experience and less experience using motor skill assessment tools scored raw score while watching the performance scenes of normal children. The results of the ICC between experts and training participants in MABC-2 obtained a high confidence 0.95 and above (p<.001). Conclusion : Clinicians who participated in one-day training seems to use MABC-2 effectively. Through this, one-day training seems to be effective in acquiring new motor skill assessment tools.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.65-76
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• 2019

Objective : This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Upper Extremity Performance Test for the Elderly (TEMPA) by modifying its items to exhibit cultural differences. Methods : This study included 171 healthy adults and older adults and 41 individuals with impaired upper extremity function. Content validity, discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability were analyzed. Results : The following items, exhibiting cultural differences, were modified: "open a lock and take the top off a pillbox" and "write and affix a postage stamp." The discriminant validity results indicated that participants with normal upper extremity function performed better than those with impaired in the upper extremity function (p<.001). The test-retest reliability of the execution speed (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC) was .71-.94, functional rating (kappa) was 1.0, and task analysis (ICC) was 1.0. The inter-rater reliability of the speed of execution was 1.0, functional rating was .79-1.0, and task analysis was .94-1.0. Conclusion : TEMPA has moderate to high level of reliability and is an assessment tool that can clearly distinguish individuals with upper extremity impairment from those without impairment.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.148-157
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• 2021

This research aims to adapt and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (K-IEPS). The original IEPS was translated into Korean according to the World Health Organization's guidelines. A total of 302 questionnaires were collected from healthcare professional students at 4 universities in South Korea. The validity and reliability of the scale were measured using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). As a result of the factor analysis, a ten-item scale with two factors (Competency & Autonomy and Perception of Actual Cooperation) was achieved. Additionally, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be .87, and test-retest reliability was .83. Our study results show that the Korean version of the IEPS is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, the K-IEPS can be used in measuring interdisciplinary perceptions of healthcare professional students between different occupational groups.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.506-516
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• 2018

Purpose: We measured the thicknesses of the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), the macula, and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with idiopathic macula holes to analyze the repeatability of these measurements and compare them with those of the fellow eye. Methods: We evaluated 85 patients who visited our retinal clinic. The patients were divided into two groups according to their macular hole size: group A had a size of $<400{\mu}m$, while group B had a size of ${\geq}400{\mu}m$. Repeatability was determined by comparing the thicknesses of the GCIPL, macula, and RNFL with those of the normal fellow eye. Results: The average central macular thickness in patients with macular holes was significantly thicker than that in the normal fellow eye ($343.8{\pm}78.6$ vs. $252.6{\pm}62.3{\mu}m$, p < 0.001). The average thickness of the GCIPL in patients with macular holes was significantly thinner than that in the normal fellow eye ($56.1{\pm}23.4$ vs. $77.1{\pm}12.8{\mu}m$, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the average RNFL thickness between eyes with macular holes and fellow eyes ($92.4{\pm}10.0$ vs. $95.5{\pm}10.7{\mu}m$, p = 0.070). There were also no significant differences in the thicknesses of the GCIPL and RNFL among the two groups (p = 0.786 and p = 0.516). The intraclass correlation coefficients for the macula and RNFL were 0.994 and 0.974, respectively, in patients with macular holes, while that for the GCIPL was 0.700. Conclusions: Macular contour change with macular hole results in low repeatability and a tendency of thinner measurement regarding GCIPL thickness determined via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The impact of changes in the macular shape caused by macular holes should be taken into consideration when measuring the GCIPL thickness in patients with various eye diseases such as glaucoma and in those with neuro-ophthalmic disorders.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of heritability on the craniofacial soft tissue cephalometric characteristics of monozygotic (MZ) twins, dizygotic (DZ) twins, and their siblings (SIB). Methods: The samples comprised Korean adult twins and their siblings (mean age, 39.8 years; MZ group, n = 36 pairs; DZ group, n = 13 pairs of the same gender; and SIB group, n = 26 pairs of the same gender). Thirty cephalometric variables were measured to characterize facial profile, facial height, soft-tissue thickness, and projection of nose and lip. Falconer's method was used to calculate heritability (low heritability, $h^2$ < 0.2; high heritability, $h^2$ > 0.9). After principal components analysis (PCA) was performed to extract the models, we calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value and heritability of each component. Results: The MZ group exhibited higher ICC values for all cephalometric variables than DZ and SIB groups. Among cephalometric variables, the highest ${h^2}_{(MZ-DZ)}$ and ${h^2}_{(MZ-SIB)}$ values were observed for the nasolabial angle (NLA, 1.544 and 2.036), chin angle (1.342 and 1.112), soft tissue chin thickness (2.872 and 1.226), and upper lip thickness ratio (1.592 and 1.026). PCA derived eight components with 84.5% of a cumulative explanation. The components that exhibited higher values of ${h^2}_{(MZ-DZ)}$ and ${h^2}_{(MZ-SIB)}$ were PCA2, which includes facial convexity, NLA, and nose projection (1.026 and 0.972), and PCA7, which includes chin angle and soft tissue chin thickness (2.107 and 1.169). Conclusions: The nose and soft tissue chin were more influenced by genetic factors than other soft tissues.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1060-1068
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is an important cause of low back pain. Overview of Literature: Spinal fusion is often reported to have a good course for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, many studies have reported that adjacent segment degeneration is accelerated after lumbar spinal fusion. Radiography is a simple method used to evaluate the orientation of the vertebral column. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method most often used to specifically evaluate intervertebral disc degeneration. The Pfirrmann classification is a well-known method used to evaluate degenerative lumbar disease. After spinal fusion, an increase in stress, excess mobility, increased intra-disc pressure, and posterior displacement of the axis of motion have been observed in the adjacent segments. Methods: we retrospectively secured and analyzed the data of 15 patients (four boys and 11 girls) with AIS who underwent a spinal fusion surgery. We studied the full-length view of the spine (anterior-posterior and lateral) from the X-ray and MRI obtained from all patients before surgery. Postoperatively, another full-length spine X-ray and lumbosacral MRI were obtained from all participants. Then, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, curve correction, and fused and free segments before and after surgery were calculated based on X-ray studies. MRI images were used to estimate the degree to which intervertebral discs were degenerated using Pfirrmann grading system. Pfirrmann grade before and after surgery were compared with Wilcoxon signed rank test. While analyzing the contribution of potential risk factors for the post-spinal fusion Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration, we used generalized linear models with robust standard error estimates to account for intraclass correlation that may have been present between discs of the same patient. Results: The mean age of the participant was 14 years, and the mean curvature before and after surgery were 67.8 and 23.8, respectively (p<0.05). During the median follow-up of 5 years, the mean degree of the disc degeneration significantly increased in all patients after surgery (p<0.05) with a Pfirrmann grade of 1 and 2.8 in the L2-L3 before and after surgery, respectively. The corresponding figures at L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 levels were 1.28 and 2.43, 1.07 and 2.35, and 1 and 2.33, respectively. The lower was the number of free discs below the fusion level, the higher was the Pfirrmann grade of degeneration (p<0.001). Conversely, the higher was the number of the discs fused together, the higher was the Pfirrmann grade. Conclusions: we observed that the disc degeneration aggravated after spinal fusion for scoliosis. While the degree of degeneration as measured by Pfirrmann grade was directly correlated by the number of fused segments, it was negatively correlated with the number of discs that remained free below the lowermost level of the fusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2020

Background and Objectives OperaVOXTM (Oxford Wave Research Ltd.) is a portable voice analysis software package designed for use with iOS devices. As a relatively cheap, portable and easily accessible form of acoustic analysis, OperaVOXTM may be more clinically useful than laboratory-based software in many situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between OperaVOXTM and Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP; Computerized Speech Lab) to assess voice quality before and after laryngeal microsurgery in patient with vocal polyp. Materials and Method Twenty patients who had undergone laryngeal microsurgery for vocal polyp were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative voices were assessed by acoustic analysis using MDVP and OperaVOXTM. A five-seconds recording of vowel /a/ was used to measure fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR). Results Several acoustic parameters of MDVP and OperaVOXTM related to short-term variability showed significant improvement. While pre-operative value of F0, jitter, shimmer, NHR was 155.75 Hz (male: 125.37 Hz, female: 183.37 Hz), 2.20%, 6.28%, 0.16, post-operative values of these parameter was 164.34 Hz (male: 129.42 Hz, female: 199.26 Hz), 2.15%, 5.18%, 0.14 Hz in MDVP. While pre-operative value of F0, jitter, shimmer, NHR was 168.26 Hz (male: 135.16 Hz, female: 201.37 Hz), 2.27%, 6.95%, 0.26, post-operative values of these parameters was 162.72 Hz (male: 128.267 Hz, female: 197.18 Hz), 1.71%, 5.36%, 0.20 in OperaVOXTM. There was high intersoftware agreement for F0, jitter, shimmer with intraclass correlation coefficient. Conclusion Our results showed that the short-term variability of acoustic parameters in both MDVP and OperaVOXTM were useful for the objective assessment of voice quality in patients who received laryngeal microsurgery. OperaVOXTM is comparable to MDVP and has high intersoftware reliability with MDVP in measuring the F0, jitter, and shimmer