• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.754-756
• /
• 2013

The modern Electronic Warfare Receivers are required to the current radar technologies like the Low Probability of Intercept(LPI) radars to avoid detection. LPI radars have features of intra-pulse modulation differ from existing radar signals. This features require counterworks such as signal confirmation and identification. Hence this paper presents a study on intra-pulse modulation recognition. The proposed method automatically recognizes intra-pulse modulation types such as LFM and NLFM using classifiers extracted from the features of each intra-pulse modulation. Several simulations are also conducted and the simulation results indicate the performance of the given method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.1986-1995
• /
• 2013

The ELINT system which derives intelligence from electromagnetic radiations plays an important role in modern electric warfares. Among radar characteristics inferred from the signals, intra-pulse modulation scheme is a useful feature to identify modern radars. This paper proposes the method to classify intra-pulse modulation schemes such as UM, PSK, BFSK, QFSK, LFM and NLFM based on the fuzzy algorithm. The proposed method defines fuzzy membership functions to characterize input signals, and then it calculates accordance rates for each modulation scheme with fuzzy inference rules. The experimental results show that the probability of correct recognition is more than 95% for SNR > 10dB.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.231-239
• /
• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of interpretation and reproducibility of a pulse analyser (MAXMAC27-Plus). Methods : 38 of 40 volunteers completed the pulse analysis consecutively. Three Korean medical doctors who had at least 2 years of clinical experience interpreted the pulse waves for 3 aspects of size, depth and shape, then inter-rater reliability and crude agreement was obtained. Reinterpretation was done 2 weeks later and intra-rater reliability and crude agreement was obtained. Intra-rater reliability and crude agreement between 1st and 2nd measurement was calculated. Cohen's weighted kappa for size, Cohen's kappa for depth and shape were used as statistical analysis. Results : Inter-rater reliability of size, depth and shape among 3 raters was 0.598, 0.604, and 0.312, respectively, showing moderate to substantial agreement. Average intra-rater reliability between 1st and 2nd interpretation of size, depth and shape was 0.806, 0.705, and 0.638, respectively, showing substantial to almost perfect agreement. However, intra-rater reliability between consecutive measurements of size, depth and shape was 0.221, 0.121, and 0.194, respectively, which showed only poor to fair agreement. Conclusions : Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of one pulse wave showed relatively high concordance. Training by a clinical expert may effect better concordance among raters. Test-retest reliability showed poor agreement. Improvement of measurement technique and device performance will be needed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.734-741
• /
• 2012

A new lossless intra coding method based on residual transform is applied to the next generation video coding standard HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding). HEVC includes a multi-directional spatial prediction method to reduce spatial redundancy by using neighboring samples as a prediction for the samples in a block of data to be encoded. In the new lossless intra coding method, the spatial prediction is performed as samplewise DPCM (Difference Pulse Code Modulation) but is implemented as block-based manner by using residual transform and secondary residual transform on the HEVC standard. Experimental results show that the new lossless intra coding method reduces the bit rate by approximately 6.45% in comparison with the lossless intra coding method previously included in the HEVC standard.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.323-326
• /
• 2016

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) adopts intra transform skip mode, in which a residual block is directly quantized in the pixel domain without transforming the block into the frequency domain. Intra transform skip mode provides a significant coding gain for screen content. However, when intra-prediction errors are not transformed, the errors are often correlated along the intra-prediction direction. This paper introduces a residual differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) method for the intra-predicted and transform-skipped blocks to remove redundancy. The proposed method performs pixel-by-pixel residual prediction along the intra-prediction direction to reduce the dynamic range of intra-prediction errors. Experimental results show that the transform skip mode's Bjøntegaard delta rate (BD-rate) is improved by 12.8% for vertically intra-predicted blocks. Overall, the proposed method shows an average 1.2% reduction in BD-rate, relative to HEVC, with negligible computational complexity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.839-840
• /
• 2013

In most EW ES equipment, S/W is developed before H/W development. The important thing is the validity of S/W algorithm should be tested before the integration between H/W and S/W. For S/W-alone test, the digital threat signal generation for the signal analysis system is needed. This paper is proposing the simulated IF signal generation which is similar with the real signal.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1986

Intra- and inter-specific protoplast fusion of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Virginia 115) and pea (Pisum sativum cv. Sparkle) were carried out in highly inhomogeneous alternating electric fields. Under the electric field of alternating current (AC, sine wave), 600 V/cm and 800 kHz for tobacco protoplast, and 600 V/cm and 700 kHz for pea protoplasts, the protoplasts were aggregated in pearl chains. Intra-specific protoplast fusions were most effectively induced within the aggregates of tobacco and pea, respectively, by the additional application of a single high field pulse of direct current (DC, square wave) at 1 kV/cm for 50 $mutextrm{s}$. Inter-specific fusions between protoplasts of the two plants were most effectively induced in the electric field of 600 V/cm and 700 kHz, and square wave pulse at 1 kV/cm for 50 $mutextrm{s}$. The duration of the pulse over the electrical breakdown voltages was simulated from 1 to 100 $mutextrm{s}$ in both tobacco and pea protoplast. The yield of the electrofusion products was significantly high (above 60%), compared with that (20%) of the standard fusion method by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4,000, and the viability of electrofused protoplasts was above 70%, but that of PEG-fused protoplasts 8~16%, when determined by Evan's blue staining method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.44 no.2 s.314
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2007

Intra-body communication' is a wireless communication technology that uses a body as a transmission medium for electrical signals. Generally, an 'earth ground' is used to create an electric field for operating the system; however this operating method could not apply to telemetry for implanted neural prosthetic devices. So this paper suggests a newly designed intra-body communication for neural prosthetic devices. A floating system which has a couple of electrodes with body was studied to remove an influence of the 'earth ground'. We found that 10MHz is the most suitable carrier frequency in skin experiments and over 3MHz in subcutaneous experiments. The system has been applied to a current stimulator circuit for cochlear implant that uses pulse width modulation (PWM) method at 480kbps rate successfully.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.1276-1291
• /
• 2014

In the field of visible light communication (VLC), light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used for transmitting data via visible light. In this study, we analyze pulse dual slope modulation (PDSM) as a means of delivering information in VLC. PDSM involves the modulation of symmetrical slope pulses to encode binary 0s and 1s, and owing to the moderately increasing and decreasing pulse shapes that are created, this method enables more spectral efficiency than the variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) technique currently adopted in IEEE 802.15.7. In particular, PDSM allows for the avoidance of intra-frame flicker by providing idle pulses in a spectrum-efficient way. A simple detection scheme is proposed for PDSMsignals, and its bit error rate (BER) is analyzed mathematically at varying slopes to validate the process through simulation. The BER performance of PDSM detection using dual sampling is compared to the performances of PDSM and VPPM using correlation detection. It is found that, when the probability of idle pulse transmission is less than 0.08 and higher than 0, the BER of dual sampling PDSM is lower than that of PDSM using correlation detection over the entire light intensity range.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1994

Electrofusion of cabbage protoplasts was performed with a developed equipment which consists of a parallel wire electrode, a AC field generator, and a pulse generator. Exposure of protoplasts to an alternating current field of 450 KHz causes attraction to each other which leads to chains of protoplasts extending from the electrode. Intra-specific protoplast fusion was effectively induced within the pearl chains by the additional application of a single high-intensity DC square wave pulse of 1 KV/cm for 1-3 msec. To improve the performance, micro fusion electrode fabricated from the semiconductor technology and microcontroller based field an, d pulse generator was proposed. The viability of protoplasts after an application of electric field at optimum condition was reduced by only 5 % compared with that of pre-application. A prototype of fusion electrode, which consists of insulator-structure, was successfully fabricated by using photosensitive polyimide.