• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1037-1043
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• 2020

This paper presents a new Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) security chip based on a low-cost, small-area, and low-power semiconductor process for IoT devices. The proposed security circuit has multiple challenge-to-response pairs (CRP) by adding the switching circuit to the cross-coupled path between two inverters of the SRAM structure and applying the challenge input. As a result, the proposed structure has multiple CRPs while maintaining the advantages of fast operating speed and small area per bit of the conventional SRAM based PUF security chip. In order to verify the performance, the proposed switched SRAM based PUF security chip with a core area of 0.095㎟ was implemented in a 180nm CMOS process. The measurement results of the implemented PUF show 4096-bit number of CRPs, intra-chip Hamming Distance (HD) of 0, and inter-chip HD of 0.4052.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.229-246
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• 2022

In order to understand the economic damage of economic sanctions on trade between Korea and Russia, a trade structure analysis was conducted through statistics on import and export trade between Korea and Russia. Through the structural analysis of product trade, we tried to accurately analyze the current status of product trade between Korea and Russia. In the trade structure analysis, it was confirmed that the trade in goods between Korea and Russia decreased the most in market share and trade concentration. However, trade specialization, comparative advantage by market, and intra-industry trade index were not significantly affected despite strong economic sanctions. from Russia's point of view Smart measures are needed to address the current situation to avoid a greater economic downturn. The end of the war and the restoration of partnership with other countries are considered the most beneficial solutions for Russia and all countries, but it is difficult to predict how the war will go or what economic situation Russia will be in after the war.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.533-541
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• 2004

The origin of magnetic fields in the universe remains an outstanding problem in cosmology. We propose that these fields are produced by shocks during the large-scale structure formation. We discuss the mechanism of the field generation via the counter-streaming (Weibel) instability. We also show that these Weibel-generated fields are long-lived and weakly coupled to dissipation. Subsequent field amplification by the intra-cluster turbulence may also take place, thus maintaining the magnetic energy density close to equipartition.

• MALSORI
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• no.38
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• pp.113-124
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• 1999

It is well known that Japanese prosodic structure assumes mora below the syllable tier. Syllables with V or CV structure are counted as having one morn whereas those with coda consonants /-pp, -tt, -kk, -ss, -N/ or long vowels are counted as having two morns in Japanese. This study measured the acoustic duration of these special moras ('tokusyuhaku') produced by Tokyo dialect speakers to see if they are isochronic with V or CV. It also examined the production of Korean(Seoul/Kyungsang dialect) and Chinese native speakers loaming Japanese as a second language to examine how the learners' first language influence their second language. Finally, it examined how speakers of the Akita dialect, which is blown as a syllabeme dialect in Japanese, produced them. The results showed that intra-speaker variation as well as inter-speaker variation was observed in the production by Akita dialect speakers. Production of native speakers of Chinese and Kyungsang dialect of Korean -- which have vowel length contrast in their phonological systems -- showed a similar result to Tokyo dialect speakers, which implies the influence of the learners' first language on the acquisition of the second language.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.55-64
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• 1996

The compression properties of the 2 folded yams such as compression linearity, compression resilience, and compression work with various wool/polyester blend ratios and with single and 2-folded yarn twists under various degrees of twisting were studied for analyzing twist characteristics, inter and intra frictional effects. A variation of single and 2-folded yarn twists was analysed in their twist structure. This structural analysis was discussed with various wool/polyester blend ratios and various single and 2-folded yarn twists.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper reviews the change of steel export-import structure between Japan and China by the courtesy of international business reference index and stress to analyze comparative advantage under the circumstance of time-series evaluating database by 3 indexes. Research design, data, methodology - Per economic phase, both China-Japan have mutually a complementary base. Under this kind of view point, the reason why to conduct this study is to realize how this 2 country's trade competitiveness should be improved and strengthened. Results - Under this research data and analysis outcomes, bilateral intra-economy's potential supplementation is enormous. Additionally, expected benefits from here are so sufficiently assured as we compare them with any other regional economic integrated society. Conclusions - When we review our economic point of view, Northeast economic cooperations between China and Japan can provide a chance for industrial technological cooperations not only in steel business but also in other business areas. Come to think of the circumstance to accelerate competitions between 2 country's industries past time and acknowledge concrete resource supplier including expanding export market and diversification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.34-37
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• 1998

Combinatorial chemistry is one of the most interested topics in the area of drug discovery. One of the most important points is how to find a lead compound that gives the seed structure for designing of a combinatorial library. Natural products is suitable for searching a new bioactive compound with new structure. We have carried out systematic screening works to find natural products possessing the effects on inter-and intra-cellular signaling. Two hundreds extracts of medical plants and two thousands microbial culture broth samples have been tested for the induction and inhibition of IL-2 or IL-6 production (Fig. 1). ELISA is an efficient method for screenings from such a large number of samples. Now, we apply this method to search prion- binding agents.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

The crystal structure or $\gamma$-hydroxy-$\betha$-aminobutyric acid was determined by MULTAN system with X-ray intensity data on a diffractometer and refined by the least-squares method to an R-value 0.034 for 711 reflections. The crystals were orthorhombic, space group $P2_{1}2_{1}2_{1}$, Z = 4, with a = 10.220, b = 8.257 and c = 6.556$\AA$. The molecule takes the zwitterionic form and skeletal conformation is trans-transform. The molecules are held together by intra-and intermolecular NH-O and OH--O hydrogen bonds.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2015

The unique nano-scale inter-lamellar microstructure and unparalleled heat treatment process give our developed metal powder composite its outstanding magnetic property for power inductor & motor applications. Compared to the conventional polycrystalline Fe or amorphous Fe-Cr-Si-B alloys, our unique designed inter-lamellar microstructure strongly decreases the intra-particle eddy current loss at high frequencies by blocking the mutual eddy currents. The combination of optimum permeability, magnetic flux and extremely low core loss makes this powder composite suitable for high frequency applications well above 10 MHz. Moreover, it can be also possible to SMC core for high speed motor applications in order to increase the motor efficiency by decreasing the core loss.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.561-577
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• 2001

Urban spatial structure is closely related to the spatial distribution of urban economic activities. The spatial distribution pattern is no more than an aggregated expression of the location and/or relocation behavior of individual firms and establishments. In this respect, it is important to identify and examine the factors that affect the spatial behavior of individual firms for a more comprehensive understanding of urban space. Agglomeration economies are one of the most prominent urban economic phenomena in the modern metropolitan area. Most firms in an urban space seek external economies through the spatial clustering of their activities. Agglomeration economies feature prominently in the analysis of urban economic structure across urban areas. While the agglomeration economies between cities focus at the macro-scale of analysis, such economies within any given city focus more on the micro geographical scale. There have been a number of researches on agglomeration economies, among which there are relatively few approaches based on an intra-urban context. This proper explores the agglomeration economies at the micro scale and tries to reseal the spatial realization of the agglomeration economies within and between sectors. Three sectors are considered in the analysis; manufacturing, retail and service. The model is based on simultaneous equation systems combined with spatially weighted variables and estimated by the KRP estimators.