• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1569-1574
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• 2004

A general review is made on Insamyangwi-tang(인삼양위탕). Following conclusions are drawn from the clinical cases of Insamyangwi-tang in Hyungsang medicine. Insamyangwi-tang is composed of four different prescriptions of Huisaeng-san, Sakoonja-tang, Eajin-tang and Pyungwi-san. Huisaeng-tang is usually prescribed for the intestinal convulsion. Sakoonja-tang for the deficiency of Ki. Eajintang for retention of phlegm, Insamyangwi-tang is effective in strengthening the spleen, drying the dampness, warming the middle-warmer to stop vomiting, regulating the flow of Ki, and eliminating phlegm. Insamyangwi-tang is applicable to malaria caused by cold, intestinal convulsion, abdominal mass, edema, tympanites, Yin syndrome of exogenous febrile disease, distension, lack of appetite, stomachache, and diarrhea. Persons with the following characteristic in Hyungsang are more susceptible to Insamyangwi-tang ; Jung type, Hyul type, fish type, Taium meridian type, white fat damp constitution, person with big mouth, and woman rather than man.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2010

An enzyme-linked immnnosorbent assay (ELISA) has been performed for the detection of the prevailing toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens obtained from conventional culturing of intestinal contents of goats which have died of suspected enterotoxaemia. The test was found effective to detect the toxins as well as types of the organism with less time and labor. The most prevailing type of C. perfringens causing enterotoxaemia in goat was C. perfringens type D (68.75%) and followed by C. perfringens type B (25%) and C (6.25%). No C. perfringens type A was detected. This study showed an intelligible picture of prevailing toxinotypes of C. perfringens in goats in Bangladesh. The use of the ELISA for the detection of clostridial types and toxins allows the differential diagnosis of C. perfringens types A, B, C and D enterotoxaemias from samples of intestinal contents and the typing of cultures of C. perfringens.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

Intestinal atresia is a frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. We reviewed the clinical presentation, associated anomalies, types of atresias, operative managements, and early postoperative complications in 36 cases of intestinal atresia treated at the Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 1994 and February 2003. Location of the lesion was duodenum in 17 patients, jejunum in 11 patients and ileum in 8 patients. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 in duodenal atresia (DA), 2.7:1 in jejunal atresia (JA) and 7:1 in ileal atresia (IA). The most common type was type III (41.1 %) in DA, and type I (52.6 %) in JA and IA. The most common presenting symptoms was vomiting(88.2 %) in DA, but in jejunoileal atresia, vomiting(89.4 %) and abdominal distension(89.4 %) were the most common sign and symptom. All cases of DA were diagnosed by plain abdominal radiography. There were 6 cases of DA with congenital heart disease, 3 cases of DA with Down syndrome and 3 cases of JA with meconium peritonitis. Segmental resection was performed in 13 cases, duodenoduodenostomy in 11 cases, membrane excision in 7 cases, jejunojejunostomy in 2 cases, gastroduodenostomy in 2 cases and ileocolic anastomosis in 1 case. There were 9 postoperative complications including 3 each of anastomotic leakage, wound infection, and intestinal obstruction 3 cases. The mortality rate for DA was 11.8 %(2/17). Both deaths in DA were attributed to congenital heart disease. The mortality rate for JA was 18% (2/11). Both cases died with sepsis and short bowel syndrome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3437-3441
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• 2012

Background: Oncogenic Bmi-1 (B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1) belongs to the Polycomb-group (PcG) family of proteins and plays an important role in the regulation of proliferation, senescence, cell cycle and apoptosis, chromosome stability, activation of gene transcription. Methods: To clarify the roles of Bmi-1 in tumourigenesis and progression of gastric carcinomas, it was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time RT-PCR in gastric carcinomas, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastritis with a comparison of its expression with clinicopathological parameters of carcinomas. Results: There was gradually increased Bmi-1 protein expression from gastritis, IM, dyplasia to carcinoma (p<0.001). Bmi-1 expression was positively linked to tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and worse prognosis of carcinomas (p<0.001), but not to age or sex of carcinoma patients (p>0.05). There was higher Bmi-1 protein expression in intestinal-type carcinomas than diffuse-type ones (p<0.001). At mRNA level, Bmi-1 protein expression was increased from gastritis, IM, dysplasia and carcinoma (p<0.001). Bmi-1 overexpression was observed in gastric carcinoma with larger diameter, deeper invasion, lymph node metastasis, and intestinal-type carcinoma (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that up-regulated Bmi-1 expression is positively linked to pathogenesis, growth, invasion, metastasis and differentiation of gastric carcinomas. It was considered as a promising marker to indicate the aggressive behaviors and prognosis of gastric carcinomas.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.478-487
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• 1994

The developmental changes of three enteroendocrine cells, i.e. gastrln, somatostatin and serotonin, of gastric and small intestinal mucosa in pre- and postnatal rat were examined by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In the course of development, gastrin cells were obsenred in the pyloric gland region and the whole part of small intestine, while somstostatin and serotonin cells in the whole gastric gland region and small intestine. More entroendocrine cells were detected in the pyloric gland region and duodenum than in the other portion. In the stomach, gastrin, somatostatin and serotonin ceils were first obsenred in the pyloric Bland region on 17, 19 and 19 days of gestation respectively. The small intestinal gastrin and serotonin cells were first appeared in the duodenum and iriunum on 17 and 15 days of gestation respectively, and somatostBtin cells in duodenum on 17 days of gestation. The number of cells examined from the stomach were increased from fetal to weanling period and showed a decrease during adult period: the notable increase was shown at the end of suckling period or at early weanling period. The cells of the small intestine increased from fetal to suckling period, especially, these cells markedly increased at the end of fetal period or at early suckling period, and decreased from weanling period. The shape of these cells was oval or fusiform during fetal period. In the stomach, most of gastrin cells turned out to be oval and open-type from suckling period, while the remaining two tripes of cells were oval and open- or closed-type. In the small intestine, 311%Ves of cells examined were changed to fusiform and open-type from the end of fetal period. Three types of cell were distributed over the stratified epithelium on 15 and 17 days of gestation. In the stomach, these cells were distributed lower gastric pit and gland from the following fetal period, and were detected mainly on the upper part of gland from suckling period, and then obsenred on the whole part of gland. In the small intestine, most of cells distributed over only between epithelium of villi on 19 days of gestation, increased in number on the crypt from following fetal period, and also observed abundantly in the crypt at adult period.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2020

Purpose: Mucin 1 (MUC1) was identified as a gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility gene by genome-wide association studies in Asians and candidate gene studies in Europeans. This study aimed to investigate the association between the MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism and GC in terms of the Lauren classification and long-term clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 803 patients with GC and 816 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The association between the MUC1 rs4072037 variant and GC histological types and clinical outcomes, including tumor recurrence and prognosis was investigated. Results: The major A allele of rs4072037 was associated with increased GC risk (P<0.05). In subtype analysis, the association was most significant for diffuse-type GC (P<0.05) and in a dominant model (P<0.05), whereas there was no association with intestinal-type GC (P>0.05). Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed the heterozygote AG rs4072037 allele as an independent risk factor influencing tumor recurrence and disease-related death in diffusetype GC (P<0.05). but not in intestinal-type GC (P>0.05). Conclusions: The exonic single nucleotide polymorphism rs4072037 in MUC1 was associated with diffuse-type GC and was an independent risk factor influencing tumor recurrence and disease-related death in diffuse-type GC.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

These commensal intestinal bacteria can enhance the immune system and aid in nutrient absorption but can also act as opportunistic pathogens. Among these intestinal bacteria, the anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis are divided into enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) which secrete the B. fragilis toxin (BFT) and non-enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) which do not secrete BFT. ETBF can cause diarrhea and colitis in both humans and livestock but can also be found in asymptomatic individuals. ETBF is predominantly found in patients with inflammatory diarrheal diseases and traveller's diarrhea. Several clinical studies have also reported an increased prevalence of ETBF in human patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colitis and colorectal cancer. In small animal models (C57BL/6 wild-type mice, germ-free mice, multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice, rabbits and Mongolian gerbils), ETBF have been found to initiate and/or aggravate IBD, colitis and colorectal cancer. BFT induces E-cadherin cleavage in intestinal epithelial cells resulting in loss of epithelial cell integrity. Subsequent activation of the ${\beta}$-catenin pathway leads to increased cellular proliferation. In addition, ETBF causes acute and chronic colitis in wild-type mice as well as enhances tumorigenesis in Min mice via activation of the Stat3/Th17 pathway. Currently, ETBF can be detected using a BFT toxin bioassay and by PCR. Advances in molecular biological techniques such as real-time PCR have allowed both researchers as well as clinicians to rapidly detect ETBF in clinical samples. The emergence of more sensitive techniques will likely advance molecular insight into the role of ETBF in colitis and cancer.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.393-398
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• 1997

An accurate early diagnosis of congenital midgut malrotation is essential to prevention of catastrophic effects of volvulus. To evaluate the usefulness of radiologic examinations in diagnosing intestinal malrotation, we retrospectively analyzed radiologic findings and operation records of 17 intestinal malrotation patients, who were radiologically diagnosed. The age range of the patients studied were from 1day to 12years. The presenting symptoms were vomiting, vomiting with abdominal pain, abdominal distention, diarrhea and failure to thrive. The viewpoints of this analysis were the location of duodeno-jejunal flexure on barium meal and cecal location on barium enema. Sixteen of 17 patients, who were radiologically diagnosed, were surgically proven, but one patient with annular pancreas was false positive. In the case of 3 surgically proved patients, malrotation was suspected on barium meal prior to the barium enema, but final diagnosis was determined on barium enema examination. We concluded that a barium enema should be performed on all children with suspected malrotation where the initial upper gastro-intestinal study was normal or suspicious on account of the small incidence of false positive and false negative barium meals.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.902-915
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• 2022

Objective: Diet acidification supplementation is known to influence intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, and on phosphorus (P) utilization of broilers. Alterations in intestinal barrier and microbiota have been associated with systemic inflammation and thus regulating bone turnover. Hence the effect of acidifier addition to drinking water on tibia mass and the linkages between intestinal integrity and bone were studied. Methods: One-d-old male broilers were randomly assigned to normal water (control) or continuous supply of acidified water (2% the blend of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid, lactic, and phosphoric acid) group with 5 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate for 42 d. Results: Acidification of drinking water improved the ash percentage and calcium content of tibia at 42 d. Broilers receiving acidified water had increased serum P concentration compared to control birds. The acidified group showed improved intestinal barrier, evidenced by increased wall thickness, villus height, the villus height to crypt depth ratio, and upregulated mucin-2 expression in ileum. Broilers receiving drinking water containing mixed organic acids had a higher proportion of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as a lower population of Proteobacteria. Meanwhile, the addition of acidifier to drinking water resulted in declined ileal and serum proinflammatory factors level and increased immunoglobulin concentrations in serum. Concerning bone remodeling, acidifier addition was linked to a decrease in serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reflecting bone resorption, whereas it did not apparently change serum alkaline phosphatase activity that is a bone formation marker. Conclusion: Acidified drinking water increased tibia mineral deposition of broilers, which was probably linked with higher P utilization and decreased bone resorption through improved intestinal integrity and gut microbiota and through decreased systemic inflammation.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1012-1018
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• 2006

Diagnosis and treatment using the conventional flexible endoscope in gastro-intestinal tract are very common since advanced and instrumented endoscopes allow diagnosis and treatment by introducing the human body through natural orifices. However, the operation of endoscope is very labor intensive work and gives patients some pains. As an alternative, therefore, the capsule endoscope is developed for the diagnosis of digestive organs. Although the capsule endoscope has conveniences for diagnosis, it is passively moved by the peristaltic waves of gastro-intestinal tract and thus has some limitations for doctor to get the image of the organ and to diagnose more thoroughly. As a solution of these problems, various locomotive mechanisms for capsule endoscopes are introduced. In our proposed mechanism, the capsule-type microrobot has synchronized multiple legs that are actuated by a linear actuator and two mobile cylinders inside of the capsule. For the feasibility test of the proposed microrobot, a series of in-vitro experiments using small intestine without incision were carried out. From the experimental results, our proposed microrobot can advance along the 3D curved and sloped path with the velocity of about $3.29\sim6.26mm/sec$ and $35.1\sim66.7%$ of theoretical velocity. Finally, the proposed locomotive mechanism can be not only applicable to micro capsule endoscopes but also effective to advance inside of gastro-intestinal tract.