• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

Four hundred and forty 1-day-old Arbor Acre broilers were fed commercial starter diets with 0, 250, 750 and 2,250 mg/kg of an alpha-amylase preparation from 1 to 21 days of age to investigate the effects of an exogenous enzyme on growth performance, activities of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and anterior intestinal contents and pancreatic amylase mRNA expression. Body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing levels of supplementary amylase but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not affected. There was a negative quadratic change of protease and amylase in the small intestinal contents with the increase of supplementary amylase level. The activity of intestinal trypsin was also increased (p<0.05). Lipase was unaffected by amylase supplementation (p>0.05). The pancreatic protease, trypsin, and lipase were not affected by exogenous amylase levels. Consistent with the tendency for a linear depression of amylase activity, pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase mRNA was down-regulated by dietary amylase supplementation. The present study suggested that oral administration of exogenous amylase affected activities of intestinal enzymes and the production of pancreatic digestive enzymes in a dose-dependent manner.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2002

민들레의 추출물을 급여한 흰쥐에게 streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발하여 장내 미생물 균총에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 Wistar계의 이유한 웅성 흰쥐 64마리를 난괴법으로 8군으로 나누어 streptozotocin(55 mg/kg BW)과 식이 kg당 11.45g의 민들레가 함유되도록 부위와 분획별로 나누어 식이에 첨가하여 50일간 사육하였다. 당뇨-대조군의 총혐기성균은 14일간 증가하다가 당뇨로 인하여 감소를 나타내었으며 잎 추출물 급여시 50일에는 당뇨-대조군에 비하여 증가되었다. 뿌리에틸아세테이트 추출물 급여군은 당뇨-대조군에 비하여 총혐 기성균수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 민들레의 잎과 뿌리의 추출물 급여초기인 14일의 총호기성균은 당뇨-대조군에 비하여 높았으나 35일에는 당뇨-대조군에 비하여 낮은 것으로 나타났으며 50일에 총호기성균수의 변화결과는 총혐기성균의 변화양상과 유사한 것으로 관찰되었다. 장내 미생물의 변화는 당뇨가 유발된 50일에 당뇨-대조군에 비하여 민들레 잎-열수 추출물 군과 일-에틸아세테이트 추출물군에서 Lactobacillus 증가가 현저하였으며, E. cofi 감소는 잎과 뿌리의 열수 추출물군과 에틸아세테이트 추출물군이 당뇨-대조군과 유사한 수준이며 특히 열수 추출물군의 E. coli억제효과가 관찰되었다. 본 실험 결과 민들레추출물이 당뇨유발된 흰쥐의 장내 미생물에 유익한 효과로 숙주의 감염에 대한 저항력이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pig skin collagen supplementation on growth performance, organ weight, blood characteristics, and intestinal microbiota in broilers. A total of 50 Ross 308 broilers were used for 2 weeks. The five dietary treatments were as follows: NC) basal diet, PC) NC + fish collagen powder 0.1%, T1) NC + pig skin collagen 0.1%, T2) NC + pig skin collagen 0.5%, and T3) NC + pig skin collagen 1.0%. The body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected (p > 0.05) by the dietary treatments in this experiment. Additionally, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the organ weights among the treatments. Broilers fed T1, T2 and T3 diets had higher (p < 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) counts than the broilers fed the NC and PC diets. The Lactobacillus counts in the excreta were improved (p < 0.05) in the broilers fed the T1 and T2 diets. Moreover, the Salmonella counts in the excreta were decreased (p < 0.05) in the broilers fed the PC and T1 diets. In conclusion, supplementation of pig skin collagen in diets improved the white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood and Lactobacillus counts in the excreta, and reduced the Salmonella counts in the excreta. However, when pig skin collagen was increased in the diets, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05). Therefore, the addition of 0.1% pig skin collagen in the feed provided beneficial effects on the blood characteristics and the intestinal microbiota environment.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.202-204
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• 1999

Methanol extracts of leaves from 15 Pinus species belonging to the family Pinaceae were tested for their in vitro growth-inhibiting activities against 10 bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of human, using impregnated paper disk methods. The inhibitory activities varied with both bacterial strain and Pinus species used. At a concentration of 10 mg/disk, a clear growth inhibition was produced from the extracts of Pinus armandii, P. banksiana, P. bungeana, P. densiflora, P. rigida, and P. thunbergii against Clostridium perfringens, whereas all Pinus samples revealed weak or little growth-inhibiting activity against Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. At 5 mg/disk, the extracts of P. banksiana and P. thunbergii exhibited potent growth inhibition toward C. perfringens. All the extracts except the one from P. densiflora did not adversely affect growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. longum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. animalis, and Lactobacillus casei. The growth-inhibiting activity was more pronounced in C. perfringens, as compared to the lactic acid-producing bacteria. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological activities of these Pinus species.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2014

본 연구는 개 소장점막하 조직을 겔화시킨 것과 일반적으로 사용하는 소 트롬빈, 그리고 이 두 가지 요소를 혼합한 것을 혈소판풍부혈장의 활성화 인자로 적용하여, 혈소판에서 분비되는 성장인자를 7일간 in vitro 실험을 실시하였다. 또한 전자현미경으로 각 그룹 별 샘플의 표면을 관찰하여, 측정한 성장인자와의 상관관계를 연구하였다. 그 결과, 그룹별로 유의적인 차이는 존재하지 않았지만, 성장인자인 (TGF)-${\beta}1$이 가장 많이 분비된 그룹은 혈소판풍부혈장을 개 소장점막하조직 겔로 활성화시켰을 때였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해, 혈소판풍부혈장을 활성화하기 위한 요소로 개소장점막하조직 겔은 소의 트롬빈을 대체할 만한 인자로 여겨지며, 추후 임상에서 다양하게 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.899-904
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment studied the effects of first feed intake time post-hatch on growth performance, nutrient apparent metabolic rate and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in broilers. Methods: Two thousand five hundred and twenty LingNan Yellow broilers were randomly allotted to seven treatments with six replicates of 60 each. The only experimental factor was the first feed intake time which was 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, and 54 hours after hatching. The whole experiment lasted for 21 days. Results: During the whole period, the 30 h treatment had the best body weight and average daily gain (p<0.05), followed by the 24 h group performance optimization. Also, the 30 h group was observed to have the best apparent metabolic rate for ether extract (p<0.05) and crude protein (p<0.05) and the highest activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in small intestine. And the 24 h group was second only to the 30 h group in terms of the above two measures. Conclusion: These results indicated that the appropriate first feeding time of LingNan Yellow broilers was 24 to 30 hours after hatching.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2002

In nature, two different types of fructose polymers (fructan) are generally found in dietary fibers; these are the fructose homopolymers levan, which is of high molecular weight and is $\beta$-(2,6)-linked, and inulin, which is of low molecular weight and is $\beta$-(2,1)-linked. The effects of levan and inulin on the intestinal physiology of rats were compared. Sprague Dawley rats were fed one of three diets for 3 weeks: a control diet, a basal diet containing 7% of levan, and a basal diet containing 7% of inulin. Cecal enlargement, together with the lowering of cecal pH, occurred in rats fed on the levan and inulin diets (p < 0.05). The levan and inulin diets resulted in a two-fold increase in the amount of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum, when compared to the control diet. The number of total microbes and of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the feces were higher in rats fed the fructan diets than those in rats fed control diet (p < 0.05). The levan diet also significantly increased the cecal $\alpha$-galactosidase activity by 3.8-fold, when compared to the control diet, indicating that levan stimulated the growth of Bifidobacteria in the cecum. These results show that the intake of levan and inulin stimulated the growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the cecum and thereby improved intestinal conditions in rats. (Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 912~918,2002)

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.127-127
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• 2018

Probiotics are microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the health of the host. The health promoting effect by probiotics influences suppressing harmful bacteria, prevention of constipation, blood cholesterol reduction and regulation of blood pressure. Prebiotics are used to promote the growth or activity of microorganisms. Synbiotics, which are a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, synergize in the intestines by complementing each other. Synbiotics not only improves the viability of the probiotics while passing through the gastrointestinal tract, maintain intestinal homeostasis, but also regulate balance of harmful and useful bacterial growth. Glycine max Merr (GMM) has been widely used in Asian countries to treat cancer, obesity, oxidative stress and imbalanced immune diseases. In addition, it has been reported that dietary fiber-rich grains promote bowel movements and prevent constipation. In this study, we investigated the viability of LactobacillIus buchneri (L.buchneri) strains, known as lactic acid bacteria under conditions of gastric fluid and intestinal fluid to determine the suitability of L.buchneri as probiotics. The adhesion ability of L.buchneri to caco-2 cells was also confirmed. The present studies showed that GMM extract promoted the growth and activity of L.buchneri strains as prebiotics. Also, this results suggested that the mixture of L.buchneri and GMM extract can helps maintain intestinal health and healthy body as synbiotics and health functional food material.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1747-1751
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary oligosaccharides on performance and intestinal microbial populations of piglets. Ten litters of piglets were assigned to five groups randomly, with two litters per group. The control group was fed with corn-soybean basal diet. Oligosaccharides was added to the basal diet at the level of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.35% respectively to form four experimental diets. The experiment was conducted with two periods. The first period (suckling period) was from 7 to 28 days of age and the second period (weanling period) was from 28 to 56 days of age. Fresh fecal samples were collected at 21 days of age and assayed for Escherichia coli concentration, pH and moisture content. Three pigs per group were slaughtered at 42 days of age and cecum, colon, and rectum content samples were collected and assayed immediately for Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium concentration, pH and moisture content. The results showed that dietary oligosacchrides decreased fecal Escherichia coli population and pH significantly (p 0.05), but did not affect performance and fecal moisture content during suckling period. 0.1% oligosaccharides for weanling pigs increased growth and improved feed conversion ratio together with a reduction of diarrhea (p 0.05), but 0.35% oligosaccharides did not affect growth performance. 0.1% and 0.2% oligosaccharides for weanling pigs had a suppression to Escherichia coli colonization in rectum and an enrichment to Bifidobacterium in colon (p 0.05). Oligosaccharides decreased significantly (p<0.05) rectum moisture content, but did not affect cecum, colon and rectum pH.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.850-860
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• 2023

The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on hybrid grouper Epinephelus akaara ♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ were evaluated. The fish were fed a basal diet and five other diets consisting of 0.6% mannan oligosaccharides, L. plantarum, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis and mixture of each 0.15% prebiotic and all the probiotics (designated as MOS, LP, BS, BL, and SYN) for 56 days. Growth performance and feed utilization showed no significant differences among all experimental groups. Lipid level of whole-body was significantly high in MOS and BL groups. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase was significantly low in BL and SYN groups. Nitro-blue tetrazolium, lysozyme and anti-protease, and glutathione peroxidase in BS, SYN, and all probiotic groups, respectively, were significantly high. Intestinal Vibrio bacteria was significantly low in all probiotic and SYN groups. Gene expression of interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 in SYN group; transforming growth factor β2 in MOS and BS groups, toll-like receptor 2-2 in BS and BL groups; and C-type lectin in MOS, LP and SYN groups were significantly upregulated. Our findings indicate that mannan oligosaccharides, L. plantarum, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis could improve innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammation, and intestinal microbiota of hybrid grouper.