Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70110

Effects of Different Levels of Supplementary Alpha-amylase on Digestive Enzyme Activities and Pancreatic Amylase mRNA Expression of Young Broilers  

Jiang, Zhengyu (College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Zhou, Yanmin (College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Lu, Fuzeng (College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Han, Zhaoyu (College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Wang, Tian (College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.21, no.1, 2008 , pp. 97-102 More about this Journal
Abstract
Four hundred and forty 1-day-old Arbor Acre broilers were fed commercial starter diets with 0, 250, 750 and 2,250 mg/kg of an alpha-amylase preparation from 1 to 21 days of age to investigate the effects of an exogenous enzyme on growth performance, activities of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and anterior intestinal contents and pancreatic amylase mRNA expression. Body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing levels of supplementary amylase but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not affected. There was a negative quadratic change of protease and amylase in the small intestinal contents with the increase of supplementary amylase level. The activity of intestinal trypsin was also increased (p<0.05). Lipase was unaffected by amylase supplementation (p>0.05). The pancreatic protease, trypsin, and lipase were not affected by exogenous amylase levels. Consistent with the tendency for a linear depression of amylase activity, pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase mRNA was down-regulated by dietary amylase supplementation. The present study suggested that oral administration of exogenous amylase affected activities of intestinal enzymes and the production of pancreatic digestive enzymes in a dose-dependent manner.
Keywords
Amylase; Broilers; Growth Performance; Enzyme Activity; mRNA;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 5  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 7
연도 인용수 순위
1 Zanella, I., N. K. Sakomura, F. G. Silversides, A. Fiqueirdo and M. Pack. 1999. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on maize and soybeans. Poult. Sci. 78:561-568.   DOI
2 Noy, Y. and D. Sklan. 1995. Digestion and absorption in the young chick. Poult. Sci. 74:366-373.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Osman, A. M. and N. I. Tanios. 1983. The effect of heat on the intestinal and pancreatic levels of amylase and maltase of laying hens and broilers. Biochem. Physio. 75A:563-565.
4 Piao, X. S., I. K. Han, J. H. Kim, T. Cho, Y. H. Kim and C. Liang. 1999. Effects of kemzyme, phytase and yeast supplementation on the growth performance and pollution reduction of broiler chicks. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12:36-41.   DOI
5 Rideau, N., Z. Nitzan and P. Mongin. 1983. Activities of amylase, trypsin and lipase in the pancreas and small intestine of the laying hen during egg formation. Br. Poult. Sci. 24:1-8.   DOI
6 Ritz, C. W., R. M. Halet, B. B. Self and D. M. Denbow. 1995. Endogenous amylase levels and response to supplementation feed enzymes in male turkeys from hatch to eight weeks of age. Poult. Sci. 74:1317-1322.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Rothman, S., C. Liebow and L. Isenman. 2002. Conservation of digestive enzymes. Physiol. Rev. 82:1-18.   DOI
8 Erlanger, B. F., N. Kokowski and W. Cohen. 1961. The preparation and properties of two new chromogenic substrates of trypsin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 95:271-278.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Glazer, B. and M. L. Steer. 1977. Requirements for activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen in rabbit pancreatic juice. Anal. Biochem. 77:130-140.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Gracia, M. I., M. J. Aranibar, R. Lazaro, P. Medel and G. G. Mateos. 2003. Alpha-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn. Poult. Sci. 82:436-442.   DOI
11 Iji, P. A., K. Khumalo, S. Slippers and R. M. Gous. 2003. Intestinal function and body growth of broiler chickens fed on diets based on maize dried at different temperatures and supplemented with a microbial enzyme. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 43:77-90.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Acamovic, T. 2001. Commercial application of enzyme technology for poultry production. World's Poult. Sci. J. 57:225-243.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Bedford, M. R. and K. Autio. 1996. Microscopic examination of feed and digesta from wheat-fed broiler chickens and its relation to bird performance. Poult. Sci. 75:1-14.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Bedford, M. R. 2000. Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition-their current value and future benefits. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 86:1-13.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Bird, F. H. 1971. Distribution of trypsin and ${\alpha}$-amylase activities in the duodenum of the domestic fowl. Br. Poult. Sci. 12:373- 378.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Brannon, P. M. 1990. Adaptation of the exocrine pancreas to diet. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 10:85-105.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Brock, F. M., C. W. Forsberg and J. C. Buchanan-Smith. 1982. Proteolytic activity of rumen microorganism and effects of proteinase inhibitors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:561-569.
18 Lonergan, P., A. Rizos, A. P. Gutierrez, P. M. Moriera, B. Pintado and J. de la Fuente. 2003. Temperal divergence in pattern of messenger RNA expression in bovine embryos cultured from the zyogte to blastocyst stage in vitro or in vivo. Biol. Reprod. 69:1424-1431.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265-273.
20 Mahagna, M., I. Nir, M. Larbier and Z. Nitsan. 1995. Effect of age and exogenous amylase and protease on development of the digestive tract, pancreatic enzyme activities and digestibility of nutrients in young meat-type chicks. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 35:201-212.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Murai, A., S. Satoh, J. Okumura and M. Furuse. 2000. Factors regulating amylase secretion from chicken pancreatic acini in vitro. Life Sci. 66:585-591.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Nitsan, Z., G. Avraham, Z. Zoref and I. Nir. 1991. Growth and development of the digestive organs and some enzymes in broiler chicks after hatching. Br. Poult. Sci. 32:515-523.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Nitsan, Z. and Z. Madar. 1978. The level and origin of amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in the digestive tract of chicks receving trypsin inhibitors in their diet. Br. J. Nutr. 40:235-241.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Cowieson, A. J. 2005. Factors that affect the nutritive value of maize for broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 119:293-305.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Cowieson, A. J., T. Acamovic and M. R. Berford. 2006. Using the precision-feeding bioassay to determine the efficacy of exogenous enzymes- A new perspective. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 129:149-158.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 SAS. 1991. SAS User's Guide Version 6.03. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
27 Inborr, J. 1990. Enzymes: catalysts for pig performance. Feed Manage. 41:22-30.
28 Kullka, R. and D. Duksin. 1964. Patterns growth and ${\alpha}$-amylase activity in the developing chick pancreas. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 91:506-514.
29 Onderci, M., N. Sahin, K. Sahin, G. Gikim, A. Aydin, I. Ozercan and S. Aydin. 2006. Efficacy of supplementation of ${\alpha}$-amylaseproducing bacterial culture on the performance, nutrient use, and gut morphology of broiler chickens fed a corn-based diet. Poult. Sci. 85:505-510.   DOI
30 Sarıcicek, B. Z., U. Kılıç and A. V. Garipoglu. 2005. Replacing soybean meal (SBM) by canola meal (CM): The effects of multi-enzyme and phytase supplementation on the performance of growing and laying quails. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci 18:1457-1463.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
31 Selle, P. H., V. Ravindran, G. Ravindran and W. L. Bryden. 2007. Effects of dietary lysine and microbial phytase on growth performance and nutrient utilisation of broiler chickens. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 20:1100-1107.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
32 Somogyi, M. 1960. Modification of two methods for the assay of amylase. Clin. Chem. 6:23-27.
33 Iwamori, M., Y. Iwamori and N. Ito. 1997. Sulfated lipids as inhibitors of pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin in epithelium of the mammalian digestive tract. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 237:262-265.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Swanson, K. C., J. C. Matthews, A. D. Matthews, J. A. Matthews, J. A. Howell, C. J. Richards and D. L. Harmon. 2000. Dietary carbohydrate source and energy intake influence the expression of pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase in lambs. J. Nutr. 130:2157-2165.   DOI
35 Ashild, K. and L. S. Jerry. 1989. Influence of age on lipase, amylase, and protease activities in pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkeys. Poult. Sci. 68:1561-1568.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Cowieson, A. J., T. Acamovic and M. R. Bedford. 2003. Supplementation of diets containing pea meal with exogenous enzymes: Effects on weight gain, feed conversion, nutrient digestibility and gross morphology of the gastrointestinal tract of growing broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 44:427-437.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Verduin, P. A., J. M. Punt and H. H. Kreutzer. 1973. Studies on the determination of lipase activity. Clinica. Chimica. Acta. 46:11- 19.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Xu, M., J. H. Yao, Y. H. Wang and F. N. Wang. 2006. Influence of rumen escape starch on ${\alpha}$-amylase activity in pancreatic tissue and small intestinal digesta of lambs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 19:1749-1754.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
39 Wang, Z. R., S. Y. Qiao, W. Q. Lu and D. F. Li. 2005. Effects of enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestional morphology, and volatile fatty acid profiles in the hindgut of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci. 84:875-881.   DOI