• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2008

Background : Gigong(氣功, Qigong) is one energy-healing intervention used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although Gigong(氣功, Qigong) - neither itself nor its postulated mechanism of action - are within the paradigm of modern Western medical science, effects on the human body could be possible. Objectives : This study aims to review the bibliography, biological responses and therapeutic effects of Gigong. In the process, this review will grasp trends in this field of studies and will direct further researches into the right direction. Method : The computerized Korean databases were searched from their respective inceptions up to January 2008. The search terms used were 'Gi(氣, Qi)', 'Gigong(氣功, Qigong)', 'Doin(導引)', 'Training', 'Bioenergy', 'life nurturing' and random or Korean language terms related to Gigong. Several specialized journals were also manually searched for relevant articles. Result : Since the 1990's, Gigong papers in the Korean Literature is increased. Clinical research studies are among the most control design study. Research subjects are less patient than the general public. The most common treatment disease was Musculo-skeletal disorder Conclusions : The depth study for the each Gigong(氣功, Qigong) is needed. Specifically, I think it should be a clinical studies and qualitative research methods for evaluation are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This examined the effects of a sling exercise based on music on the cognition, physical performance of patients with dementia. METHODS: Thirty subjects with dementia volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects were allocated randomly to either the experimental group or control group, with 15 subjects in each group. All subjects underwent the exercise program for an average of 60 minutes per day for 16 weeks. The experimental group performed sling exercise based on music, and the control group performed the general exercise program. Assessments were made using the Korean version of mini-mental state examination (MMSE-K), 10 m walk test (10MWT), Tinetti mobility test (TMT), and Katz's Index of Independence in activity daily living (KIIADL) to detect changes in the cognitive level and physical performance before and after the 16-week training period. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group change before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was performed to compare the between-group difference. The statistical significance level was set to α=.05 for all variables. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant within-group changes in the MMSE-K, 10MWT, TMT, and KIIADL (p<.05). The control group showed a significant change in only the KIIADL (p<.05). A significant difference was observed between the experimental group and the control group regarding the change in MMSE-K and KIIADL after the interventions (p<.05). CONCLUSION: A music-based sling exercise program effectively improves cognition, physical performance, and ADL in patients with dementia. Further studies with a wider range of subjects and scientific equipment will be needed to strengthen the results of this study.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.209-222
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether upright position is effective in labor through systematic review in randomized controlled trials. Methods: We established the PICO (Patient-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome) strategy, and reviewed 282 literatures from national and international electronic databases, and finally selected 9 references based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We evaluated the quality of references and carried out a meta-analysis. Results: The maternal outcomes showed that the duration of their second-stage labor was 2.29 minutes shorter than that of the women in the recumbent position, and were less likely to have episiotomy. The other outcomes, including the mode of delivery, blood loss, hemoglobin level, use of oxytocin, use of analgesics, and perineal laceration, did not differ between the groups. The fetal heart rate abnormality occurred less than in the control group. The Apgar scores of the groups did not differ. Conclusion: There is evidence that an upright position in the second stage of labor reduces the duration of the second stage of labor, the incidence of episiotomy, and an abnormal fetal heart rate.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2018

Background: Panax ginseng is a well-known immune modulator, and there is concern that its immune-enhancing effects may negatively affect patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by worsening symptoms or increasing the risk of adverse effects from other drugs. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, we evaluated the impact of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on disease activity and safety in RA patients. Methods: A total of 80 female RA patients were randomly assigned to either the KRG (2 g/d, n = 40) treatment or placebo (n = 40) groups for 8 wk, followed by crossover to the other treatment group for an additional 8 wk. The primary outcome was the disease flare rate, defined as worsening disease activity according to the disease activity score 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). The secondary outcomes were development of adverse events (AEs) and patient reported outcomes. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 8 wk and 16 wk. The outcomes were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: Of the 80 patients, 70 completed the full study. Their mean age was 51.9 yr, and most exhibited low disease activity (mean DAS28-ESR $3.5{\pm}1.0$) at enrollment. After intervention, the flare rate was 3.7% in each group. During KRG treatment, 10 AEs were reported, while five AEs were developed with placebo; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Gastrointestinal- and nervous system-related symptoms were frequent in the KRG group. Conclusion: KRG is not significantly associated with either disease flare rate or the rate of AE development in RA patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2007

Background Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patients on healthcare decisions. They provide recommendations for the average patient, which should take into account individual clinical judgment and the patient's values and expectations. Ephedra has sympathomimetic effect and has been used for weight loss worldwide. However, its safety is controversial especially in autonomic and cardiovascular systems. Therefore, the need of appropriate CPG for ephedra prescription in obesity was advocated in Korean Traditional Medicine. Methods The committee comprised of specialists of obesity, oriental herbology, oriental cardiology, constitutional medicine. The committee collected all relevant references about adverse effect and safety of ephedra in the forms of meta-analysis, systematic review, randomized controlled trial, case-control study and observational study from international and domestic databases and paper journals. 11 English- and 5 Korean-language references were gathered and categorized by PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) method. We could not complete strength of recommendation which should be clarified according to the evidence grade estimation. Result The first version of CPG for ephedra prescription in obesity was issued by Korean Oriental Association for Study of Obesity. It includes topics of introduction, pharmacokinetics, side effects and adverse events, constitutional aspect and recommendations for dose, indication and contraindication. Conclusion There should be periodic upgrade of this CPG from now on. Although there are some drawbacks in this version of CPG, it has significance as the first CPG in Korean Traditional Medicine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.137-147
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of the study was to compare the therapeutic effect of the superficial and in-depth insertion of acupuncture needles in the treatment of patients with ankle sprain. Design : A prospective randomized single-blind study of superficial and deep acupuncture was conducted. Setting : The study was conducted in the Kang-nam Oriental Hosp. of Dong-Guk University. Patients: The study comprised 14 patients with ankle sprain who were divided into two groups (A and B). Intervention : In group A, the needle was introduced in the skin at a depth of 2 mm, whereas in group B the needle was placed deeply into muscular tissue or the articular capsule at a depth more than 1.5 Cm The treatment was planned for a duration of 1 week, 3 times. Outcome Measures : The intensity of pain was evaluated with the Ankle grade pain chart(AGPC) before and after treatment and at the 1-week follow-up examination. The AGPC includes Swelling, Tenderness, Exudation, Bruise, Medial/Lateral. stability test, Anterior drawer test, Squeeze test, Bearing weight, Pressure Algometer, Walking state and VAS. Results : Although at the end of the treatment there was no evidence of significant statistical differences between the two different groups, Pain reduction(VAS) was greater in the group treated with deep acupuncture. A statistical difference existed between the two groups at the 1 week follow up, with a better result in the deeply stimulated group in VAS. Conclusion : Clinical results show that deep stimulation has a better analgesic effect when compared with superficial stimulation in pain reduction(VAS, Visual analogic scale).

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.49-60
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to research current trends of acupuncture treatment of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc using the PubMed database. Methods We set up the search strategy and investigated clinical trials on acupuncture treatment of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc through PubMed search. This study analyzed previous researched papers published from January 1st, 2000 to April 30th, 2014, and classified them by publication year, journal names, types of literature, treatment methods and evaluation scales. To assess the quality of the reviewed literature, randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were assessed by Cochrane's risk of bias (ROB) tool and non-RCT studies were assessed by risk of bias for non-randomized studies (RoBANS). Results We found 35 studies on the acupuncture treatment of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc. Papers on this topic have been published, on average, three to four times annually in 9 journals since the mid-2000's. The journal with the largest number of publications was Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, and most of articles were classified as RCT. Acupuncture treatment was performed individually or together with other treatments. The most frequently used pain evaluation index was visual analogue scale (VAS). The index of effective rate was used frequently but there was a lack of objectivity. In regards to the quality of the studies, outcome assessment in RCT showed that random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and the blinding of participants and personnel increase potential of risk of bias. For non-RCT assessment, outcome showed that confounding variable, measurement of intervention were at high risk of bias. Conclusions In order to obtain objective clinical evidence of acupuncture treatment of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc, further clinical studies should be designed to minimize the risk of bias, using STRICTA with larger sample sizes.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the pain reducing effects of the dextrose-coated pacifier on venipuncture in premature infants. Methods: The design of this study is a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design and a crossover trial. The analysed cases were 40 premature infants (20 in experimental group and 20 in control group) in neonatal intensive care unit of a University Hospital, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. The data were collected from April to October, 2009. The experimental treatment was carried out nursing 20% dextrose-coated pacifier on venipuncture for IV injection. The instruments were $O_2$ saturation and heart rate on pulse oxymeter monitor to measure physiologic pain responses, and NIPS to measure behavioral pain responses. Collected data were analyzed with $x_2$ test, t-test using SPSS program. Results: The effects of the 20% dextrose-coated pacifier were found in the physiologic (only heart rate) and behavioral pain response on venipuncture. Conclusion: These finding is suggested that the dextrose-coated pacifier could be an effective nursing intervention for reducing pain on venipuncture in premature infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to find a more efficient intervention method through a study of the gait variables and dynamic balance of chronic neck pain patients. METHODS: Forty subjects aged between 40 and 60 years were allocated randomly to two groups; The first group performed PA (Posteroanterior Mobilization), and the second group conducted CCF (Craniocervical Flexion Exercise). The gait variability measured the speed, cadence, and dynamic balance in the forward, leftward, rightward, and rearward directions. An independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In the dynamic balance measurements, the variability of PA (p < .000) and CCF (p < .000) in the rightward direction, PA (p < .004) in leftward direction and forward direction increased significantly (p < .013). In an analysis of the gait variability, the cadence increased significantly in the PA group (p < .022) and not significantly in the CCF group (p < .056). On the other hand, there was no increase in the speed variable, in the PA group (p < .437). In the CCF group, the cadence increased significantly (p < .022). The differences in the PA and CCF group differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: The PA group showed a significant increase in the forward (p < .013), leftward (p < .004), and rightward directions (p < .000). Speed was significant in the CCF group, and cadence was significant in the PA group. The dynamic Balance was effective in the rightward direction in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2015

Purpose: This study compared the effect of music and noise blocking on the vital signs, postoperative pain, analgesic use, length of stay in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and satisfaction after a laparoscopic colectomy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed in a 555-bed National Cancer Center, from February 13 through May 31, 2012. Subjects consisted of 69 patients who underwent a laparoscopic colectomy under general anesthesia, and were recruited by informed notices. The inclusion criteria were patients between the ages of 35-75, with an American Society Anesthesiologist physical classification I or II. The subjects were randomly allocated to three groups; music therapy group (MTG), noise blocking group (NBG) and control group (CG). Collected data were analyzed using Repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test through IBM SPSS (Version 19.0). Results: There were no significant differences in vital signs among the three groups. Postoperative pain in MTG (p<.05) and NBG (p<.05) was significantly decreased compared to CG. The amount of analgesics (p=.030) and length of stay at PACU (p=.021) in MTG was significantly decreased compared to NBG or CG; satisfaction in MTG and NBG was significantly higher compared to CG. Conclusion: Music seems to reduce postoperative pain, the amount of analgesics, and the length of stay at PACU. Therefore, music therapy is considered to be included in nursing intervention for postoperative patients at PACU.