• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-113
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• 1991

Korea's rapid economic growth of the past thirty years was led by extremely fast export growth under extensive government intervention. Until very recently, the political regimes were authoritarian and oppressed human rights and labor movements. Because of these characteristics, many inside and outside Korea are under the impression that the rapid economic growth was made possible by the government's relentless push for export growth through industrial targetjng. Whether or not the government intervention was pivotal in Korean economic growth is an important issue because of its normative implications on the role of government and the degree of economic policy intervention in a market economy. A good example of industrial targeting policy in Korea is the "Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI)" policy, which began in the early 1970s and lasted for one decade. Under the HCI policy the government intervened in resource allocation through preferential tax, trade, and credit and interest rate policies for "key industries" which included iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, shipbuilding, general machinery, chemicals, and electronics. This paper investigates the effects of. the HCI policy on the efficiency of capital and the export competitiveness of manufacturing industries. For individual three-digit KSIC (Korea Standard Industrial Classification) industries and for two industry groups, one favored by HCI Policy and the other not, this paper: (1) computes capital intensities and discusses the impact of the HCI policy on the changes in the intensities over time, (2) estimates the capital efficiencies and examines them on the basis of optimal condition of resource allocation, and (3) compares the Korean and Taiwanese shares of total imports by the OECD countries as a way of weighing the effects of the policy on the industries' export competitiveness. Taiwan is a good reference, as it did not adopt the kind of industrial targeting policy that Korea did, while the Taiwanese and Korean economies share similar characteristics. In the 1973-78 period, the capital intensity rose rapidly for the "HC Group" the group of industries favored by the policy, while it first declined and later showed an anemic rise for the "Light Group," the remaining manufacturing industries. Capital efficiency was much lower in the HC Group than in the Light Group, at least until the late 1970s. This paper acribes these results to excess investments in the favored industries and concludes that growth could have been faster in the absence of the HCI policy. The Korean Light Group's share in total imports by the OECD was larger than that of its Taiwanese counterpart but has become much smaller since 1978. For the HC Group Korea's market share was smaller than Taiwan's and has declined even more since the mid-1970s. This weakening in the export competitiveness of Korea's industries relative to Taiwan's lasted until the mid-1980s. This paper concludes that the HCI policy had either no positive effect on the competitiveness of the Korean manufacturing industries or negative effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to improve effectiveness of Korea's Official Development Assistance (ODA) provided to developing countries. To do this, we analyze the efficiency of ODA provided to 38 recipient countries by Korea through data envelope analysis method. The effects of four factors including population, GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention on efficiency are also investigated by utilizing tobit regression analysis. As a result of the DEA efficiency analysis, it is found that the average efficiency score of the total is about 59%. By region, the average efficiency score of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, and the East and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) are about 42%, 68%, 70%, and 74%, respectively. It indicates that the Asian countries are inefficient compared to countries of the other regions. It is also found that factors of population, GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention have statistically significant effects on efficiency at 0.01 significance level. In the case of the population, the higher the population of the recipient country, the more negative (-) effect is on the efficiency. The other factors such as GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention have positive effects on the efficiency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7391-7391
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• 2015

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2015

This paper reviews the theoretical background of the entrepreneurship policy recently prevailing in Korea. First of all, we define the entrepreneurship policy as the one that the government increases the supply of the individual entrepreneurs with entrepreneurship and supports their venture creation activities by intervening the entrepreneurial process. We distinguish the entrepreneurship policy from the small and medium-sized enterprises policy and the venture firm policy. As for the legitimacy of the entrepreneurship policy, we introduce the market for entrepreneur, examine the factors resulting in the market failure, and argue the necessity and the principles of government intervention to the market. Based on the entrepreneurial process, we establish the framework of entrepreneurship policy and examine the transmission channels by the policy area. The channels are (1) demand side, (2) supply side, (3) decision-making of establishing a new firm, (4) resources obtaining. Lastly, according to the transmission channels, we classify various entrepreneurship policy tools being presently implemented by the Korean government. However, since this study is a exploratory economic analysis of entrepreneurship policy, the approach and contents of entrepreneurship policy can be varied according to the research agenda and policy intension.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.635-640
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a sodium reduction program at local restaurants through nutrition education and examination of the health of restaurant owners and cooks.SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study was a single-arm pilot intervention using a pre-post design in one business district with densely populated restaurants in Seoul, South Korea. The intervention focused on improving nutrition behaviors and psychosocial factors through education, health examination, and counseling of restaurant personnel. Forty-eight restaurant owners and cooks completed the baseline survey and participated in the intervention. Forty participants completed the post-intervention survey. RESULTS: The overweight and obesity prevalences were 25.6% and 39.5%, respectively, and 74.4% of participants had elevated blood pressure. After health examination, counseling, and nutrition education, several nutrition behaviors related to sodium intake showed improvement. In addition, those who consumed less salt in their baseline diet (measured with urine dipsticks) were more likely to agree that providing healthy foods to their customers is necessary. This study demonstrated the potential to reduce the sodium contents of restaurant foods by improving restaurant owners' and cooks' psychological factors and their own health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: This small pilot study demonstrated that working with restaurant owners and cooks to improve their own health and sodium intake may have an effect on participation in restaurant-based sodium reduction initiatives. Future intervention studies with a larger sample size and comparison group can focus on improving the health and perceptions of restaurant personnel in order to increase the feasibility and efficacy of restaurant-based sodium reduction programs and policies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2020

This study was a literature review to investigate the trends and characteristics of music intervention studies on psychological support for children and adolescents from multicultural families. A total of 19 researches(13 theses and 6 articles) from 2009 to 2018 was reviewed through the selection and exclusion criteria. First, in the general characteristics, researches employing quasi-experimental design and those of one-group pre-post tests scored a higher ratio, and studies for children under the age of 13 also showed the highest percentage. Second, about the intervention characteristics, the goal mainly focussed on self-related factors such as self-identity, self-esteem and self-concept, and with the intervention type, there were mostly found the group activities integrating singing, playing and creating. It is meaningful that this study can be used as basic data developing music intervention programs for them, and suggesting music intervention considering the characteristics of them will be conducted more actively in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

As the widespread use of mobile health intervention among Korean patients with chronic disease, it is needed to identify research trends in mobile health intervention on chronic care using text mining technique. This secondary data analysis was conducted to investigate characteristics and main research topics in intervention studies from 2005 to 2018 with a total of 20 peer reviewed articles. Microsoft Excel and Text Analyzer were used for data analysis. Mobile health interventions were mainly applied to hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and coronary artery disease. The most common type of intervention was to develop mobile application. Lately, 'feasibility', 'mobile health', and 'outcome measure' were frequently presented. Future larger studies are needed to identify the relationships among key terms and the effectiveness of mobile health intervention using social network analysis.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.31-50
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to focus on the phenomenon of spouses experienced by offenders after completing the offender intervention program. Method: For this purpose, among the offenders who received the decision of counsel (counseling order) accused by domestic violence, who the other spouse selected case without counseling. After the in - depth interviews with the 9 participants, the collected data were analyzed by Colazzi 's phenomenological study method. Results: Major research findings can be summarized as follows. Category 1 was "Experiences about causes of violence", category 2 was "Experiences with forms of violence", category 3 was "What I wanted about my spouse when I called the police", category 4 was "What I wanted for myself when I reported to the police", category 5 was "the situation of the offender after completing the offender intervention program", category 6 was "what I experienced after completing the offender intervention program" and category 7 was "Experiences for Follow-up consultation needs". Conclusions: Based on the results of the research, counseling for perpetrators who are violent actors needed a therapeutic approach not only to strengthen the temporary punishment but also to help the family recovery on a continuous and sustainable level. Therefore, the implications of policy intervention for domestic violence were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2001

Numerous regulations have been introduced and a various kinds of institutional intervention have been made by government against the occupational safety and health problems. However, it was serious issue to the workers that what can be claimed by those who meet with apparently harmful and risky working conditions in their social systems. In the view point of employees, their right to be free from unacceptable risk and hazards has not been clearly defined. Therefore, workers have very limited rights to take any actions unless employer or government do their actions. It is believed that this undesirable conditions resulted from Jack of legal definition of workers' right to work in the safe and healthy environment. It has been found increased social pressure to make intervention to the industry to protect workers' health. Also, increased pressure has been kept for deregulation. This conflict lay the current situation in dilemma. The concept of the working environmental right has been developed and discussed in this study to overcome this trade-off confliction. It should be clearly separated between legal aspects and administrative and Policy area to make the regulations effective. Strong enforcement to the industry based on the law should be minimum, however, it should be practically effective in the aspect of workers' right. Administration and policy should be focused on supportive and leading activities to achieve the ultimate goal, safe and healthy working environment. It is concluded that establishment of working environmental right would satisfy workers and industry and it would result in improvement workers' environment and conditions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of Artemisia A. Smoke(Ssukjahun) on primary dysmenorrhea, Method: This study was a pretestposttest design with a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected from May 1, 2007 to May 27, 2008. A total of 40 women with dysmenorrhea participated in the study. Among them, 20 women were assigned to an experimental group and the other 20 to a control group. Artemisia A. Smoke(Ssukjahun) was provided daily for 4 days, starting 7 days prior to next expected menses in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included MDQ (Moos' Menstrual Distress Questionnaire) by Kim (1995), Visual Analogue Scale by Keele (1948), and PG F2$\alpha$ by urine. Result: The results of this study are as follows; The experimental group was lower than the control group in the degree of menstrual distress (t=5.25, p=0.000), intensity of dysmenorrhea (t=7.71,p=0.000), and prostaglandin F2$\alpha$ levels (t=4.56, p=0.000). Conclusion: Artemisia A. Smoke (Ssukjahun) was proved as an effective nursing intervention to reduce dysmenorrhea in young women. Its convenience and accessibility may make it a useful intervention in nursing practice and education.