• Title/Summary/Keyword: Interstitial pneumonia

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Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias : Radiologic Findings (특발성간질성폐렴의 방사선학적 소견)

  • Lee, Kyung Soo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.129-144
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    • 2003
  • Usual interstitial pneumonia/Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia(bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia : BOOP), Acute interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, Desquamative interstitial pneumonia, Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia.

Clinical Year in Review of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Focused on Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia (사이질 폐병의 최신지견: 특발사이질 폐렴을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Won-Yeon
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.67 no.4
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    • pp.275-280
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    • 2009
  • Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of diseases characterized by pulmonary interstitial inflammation. Finally the inflammation results in pulmonary fibrosis and impairment of oxygen transportation. The causes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) are unknown. Diagnosis of IIP is not easy, especially distinguising between nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). First line treatments of IIP include corticosteroids and immune modulators, which have limited effect. Currently, several drugs are being researched to prevent and treat fibrosis. Newer drugs that may useful to treat pulmonary fibrosis include endothelin receptor antagonist, recombinant soluble TNF receptor antagonist, and cotrimoxazole. The causes of IIP are largely unknown, treatment is not specific, and prognosis is poor. Recent studies are underway to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of IIP and pulmonary fibrosis. As the pathogenesis of IIP is elucidated, better treatments will emerge.

Radiologic Findings of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia (특발성 간질성 폐렴의 영상 소견)

  • Park, Jai Soung
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.58 no.4
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    • pp.330-343
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    • 2005
  • 특발성 간질성 폐렴은 폐포보다는 폐간질을 주로 침범하는 미만성 염증성 섬유화 병변으로 병변의 분류에 임상적 및 병리학적으로 많은 혼동과 변화를 겪어왔다. 최근에는 미국흉부학회와 유럽호흡기학회의 공동 모임에서 이 질환 군에 해당되는 모든 임상과들이 모여서 7가지의 병변으로 재분류 하였는데, 이는 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia, Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease, Desquamative interstitial pneumonia, Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia 등이다. 이에 저자는 최근 분류에 의한 특발성 간질성 폐렴의 7가지 병변을 영상 소견을 중심으로 기술하고자 한다.

A Case of Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia with Clinical Course of Rapid Aggravation (급속히 악화되는 임상경과를 보인 비특이성 간질성 폐렴 1례)

  • Yoo, Byung-Hyun;Suhr, Ji-Won;Yoon, Hee-Jeoung;Baek, Jong-Tae;Lee, Seung-Hoon;Paik, Chang-Nyol;Lee, Ji-Eun;Kim, Seung-Joon;Park, Sung-Hak;Lee, Eun-Hee
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 2001
  • Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) was first described as a new category of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 1994. This is a disease with a more insidious onset and has a chronic course. The histological findings are unusual for other idiopathic interstitial pneumonia cases (usual interstitial pneumonia, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, and acute interstitial pneumonia). In contrast to NSIP, acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) has an acute onset and a fulminant course with the rapid development of respiratory failure. A pathological examination demonstrated characteristic diffuse interstitial fibrosis, hyaline membranes, thrombi, and architectural derangement. Here we report a 48-year-old woman who was diagnosed pathologically NSIP, but with a rapid progressive course similar to AIP.

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Recurrent Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia with Fibrotic Lung Disease (폐섬유화를 동반한 재발성 박리성 간질성 폐렴)

  • Kim, Won Jin;Choi, Jeong Hee;Park, Yong Bum;Cho, Sung Woo;Nam, Eun Sook;Mo, Eun Kyung
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.65 no.4
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    • pp.328-333
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    • 2008
  • Desquamative interstitial pneumonia is an uncommon form of interstitial lung diseases and it has a good prognosis compared with other types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. A 69-year old man was admitted to our hospital because of a 3-month history of dyspnea. The patient presented with hypoxemia. High-resolution computerized tomography of the patient showed ground glass opacity and traction bronchiectasis with subpleural early honeycombing on the both lung fields. The pathologic findings of the video-assisted thoracoscopy lung biopsy were compatible with desquamative interstitial pneumonia, and irregularly distributed interstitial fibrosis and inflammation were observed at the peripheral parenchyme. Oral predinsolone was started; his symptoms and chest x-ray were improved, and so he stopped taking the prednisolone. Ten months later, the desquamative interstitial pneumonia recurred. We report here on a case of recurrent desquamative interstitial pneumonia with fibrotic lung disease.

A Case of Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia in a Child (소아 비특이성 간질성 폐렴 1례)

  • Kim, Tae Wan;Lym, Dae-Hyun;Kim, Jung Hee;Son, Byong Kwan;Han, Hye-Seung;Shin, Young Kyu
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.529-534
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    • 2002
  • Interstitial pneumonia is a heterogenous group of inflammatory and fibrosing lesions that manifest themselves as infiltrative lung disease. Of these, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is characterized as a variable degree of interstitial inflammation with or without fibrosis and is distinguished from usual interstitial pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia, histologically. The influx of inflammatory cells and the responses of immune effector cells injury to the alveolar wall and these initial injuries results in alveolitis and fibrosis. Consequently, the gas exchange throughout the alveolar wall is impaired and the patients suffer from lung diseases of a restrictive pattern. The chief complaints represented are dyspnea and dry cough. We experienced a case of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in a 10-year old girl. The patient had been healthy and had not been exposed to organic dusts or other toxic materials. The pathology of lung biopsy tissue showed that the alveoli were thickened by a mixture of chronic inflammatory cells and collagen type fibrosis. High resolution computed tomography(HRCT) found the patchy areas of ground-glass opacity with patchy consolidation and irregular reticular opacity, and diffuse distribution without zonal predominance. The forced vital capicity(FVC) was 31%, forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) 29% and $FEV_1/FVC$ 90%, so a restrictive pulmonary insufficiency was found.

New Era of Management Concept on Pulmonary Fibrosis with Revisiting Framework of Interstitial Lung Diseases

  • Azuma, Arata;Richeldi, Luca
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.83 no.3
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    • pp.195-200
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    • 2020
  • The disease concept of interstitial lung disease with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at its core has been relied on for many years depending on morphological classification. The separation of non-specific interstitial pneumonia with a relatively good prognosis from usual interstitial pneumonia is also based on the perception that morphology enables predict the prognosis. Beginning with dust-exposed lungs, initially, interstitial pneumonia is classified by anatomical pathology. Diagnostic imaging has dramatically improved the diagnostic technology for surviving patients through the introduction of high-resolution computed tomography scan. And now, with the introduction of therapeutics, the direction of diagnosis is turning. It can be broadly classified into to make known the importance of early diagnosis, and to understand the importance of predicting the speed of progression/deterioration of pathological conditions. For this reason, the insight of "early lesions" has been discussed. There are reports that the presence or absence of interstitial lung abnormalities affects the prognosis. Searching for a biomarker is another prognostic indicator search. However, as is the case with many chronic diseases, pathological conditions that progress linearly are extremely rare. Rather, it progresses while changing in response to environmental factors. In interstitial lung disease, deterioration of respiratory functions most closely reflect prognosis. Treatment is determined by combining dynamic indicators as faithful indicators of restrictive impairments. Reconsidering the history being classified under the disease concept, the need to reorganize treatment targets based on common pathological phenotype is under discussed. What is the disease concept? That aspect changes with the discussion of improving prognosis.

Pathological interpretation of connective tissue disease-associated lung diseases

  • Kwon, Kun Young
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.8-15
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    • 2019
  • Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) can affect all compartments of the lungs, including airways, alveoli, interstitium, vessels, and pleura. CTD-associated lung diseases (CTD-LDs) may present as diffuse lung disease or as focal lesions, and there is significant heterogeneity between the individual CTDs in their clinical and pathological manifestations. CTD-LDs may presage the clinical diagnosis a primary CTD, or it may develop in the context of an established CTD diagnosis. CTD-LDs reveal acute, chronic or mixed pattern of lung and pleural manifestations. Histopathological findings of diverse morphological changes can be present in CTD-LDs airway lesions (chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis, follicular bronchiolitis, etc.), interstitial lung diseases (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis, usual interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, and organizing pneumonia), pleural changes (acute fibrinous or chronic fibrous pleuritis), and vascular changes (vasculitis, capillaritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc.). CTD patients can be exposed to various infectious diseases when taking immunosuppressive drugs. Histopathological patterns of CTD-LDs are generally nonspecific, and other diseases that can cause similar lesions in the lungs must be considered before the diagnosis of CTD-LDs. A multidisciplinary team involving pathologists, clinicians, and radiologists can adequately make a proper diagnosis of CTD-LDs.

Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Part 1. Introduction

  • Park, Sung-Woo;Baek, Ae Rin;Lee, Hong Lyeol;Jeong, Sung Whan;Yang, Sei-Hoon;Kim, Yong Hyun;Chung, Man Pyo;Korean Interstitial Lung Diseases Study Group
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.82 no.4
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    • pp.269-276
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    • 2019
  • Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is a histologically identifiable pulmonary disease without a known cause that usually infiltrates the lung interstitium. IIP is largely classified into idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease (ILD), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, and acute interstitial pneumonia. Each of these diseases has a different prognosis and requires specific treatment, and a multidisciplinary approach that combines chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), histological findings, and clinical findings is necessary for their diagnosis. Diagnosis of IIP is made based on clinical presentation, chest HRCT findings, results of pulmonary function tests, and histological findings. For histological diagnosis, video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy and transbronchial lung biopsy are used. In order to identify ILD associated with connective tissue disease, autoimmune antibody tests may also be necessary. Many biomarkers associated with disease prognosis have been recently discovered, and future research on their clinical significance is necessary. The diagnosis of ILD is difficult because patterns of ILD are both complicated and variable. Therefore, as with other diseases, accurate history taking and meticulous physical examination are crucial.

Observations of pneumonia in slaughtered pigs according to season (계절에 따른 출하돈에서의 폐렴관찰)

  • Lee, Seok-kyu;Han, Jeong-hee;Jeong, Hyun-kyu
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.85-89
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    • 1999
  • From 2,373 slaughtered pigs examined, 1,899 of them had visible evidence of pulmonary lesion. The lungs with pulmonary lesion were examined by grossly, histopathological technique to investigate the prevalence according to season, severity of pulmonary lesion, types of the pneumonia and relationship between rearing management and prevalence of pulmonary lesion. The results were as follows : 1. Prevalence of pneumonia according to season was 72.3% to 85.9% and the highest prevalence was in winter. 2. In the severity of pulmonary lesion, rates mild, moderate and severe lesions were 38.3%, 47.0% and 14.7%, respectively. Prevalence of mild lesion was the highest in autumn. Prevalence of moderate and severe lesions was the highest in winter. 3. In the type of pneumonia, rates of interstitial pneumonia and bronchopneumonia fibrinous pneumonia were 23.6%, 13.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. Prevalence of interstitial pneumonia was high in spring and autumn while that of broncho-pneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia was high in winter and summer, respectively. 4. In relationship of pulmonary lesions according to severity of pulmonary lesion and types of pneumonia, similarity was observed in prevalence of mild lesion and bronchopneumonia.

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