• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.424-435
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• 2022

When the owners of the intellectual property rights of digital content have lost control over it in the digital environment, there emerged fears that the intellectual property laws, especially copyright law, would not be effective as in the material (Offline ) world. The reason is that the digital environment helps to reproduce copies in high quality and at almost no cost, while copyright law protection has been limited to programs embedded in CDs. According to copyright laws, the owner of the program did not have the right to prevent buyers of the initial physical copy of the program from copying and reselling it to more than one individual without the permission of the original owner. As a result, business owners have invented the idea of licensing digital content and programs instead of selling them. They set out terms that serve their commercial interests regardless of their abuse to intellectual property laws or even the rules of the traditional contract to sell a material property. The abuse has resulted from the way those terms are concluded and the heavy rules that are unfair to consumer rights. Therefore, business owners insisted on dealing with the website and its programs and digital content as material property. Here raises the question of whether the website and its digital content are subject to the protection of copyright law or the rules of the traditional contract or licensing contracts. As the answer to this question affects the protection of consumer rights, is it possible to find a balance between it and the protection of the owners of digital programs' rights.That is what we will discuss in this paper.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2023

This paper presents the optimal design of a heating system using radiant heating elements for application in smart farms. Smart farming, an advanced agricultural technology, is based on artificial intelligence and the internet of things and promotes crop production. Temperature and humidity regulation is critical in smart farms, and thus, a heating system is essential. Radiant heating elements are devices that generate heat using electrical energy. Among other applications, radiant heating elements are used for environmental control and heating in smart farm greenhouses. The performance of these elements is directly related to their electrical energy consumption. Therefore, achieving a balance between efficient electrical energy consumption and maximum heating performance in smart farms is crucial for the optimal design of radiant heating elements. In this study, the size, electrical energy supply, heat generation efficiency, and heating performance of radiant heating elements used in these heating systems were investigated. The effects of the size and electrical energy supply of radiant heating elements on the heating performance were experimentally analyzed. As the radiant heating element size increased, the heat generation efficiency improved, but the electrical energy consumption also increased. In addition, increasing the electrical energy supply improved both the heat generation efficiency and heating performance of the radiant heating elements. Based on these results, a method for determining the optimal size and electrical energy supply of radiant heating elements was proposed, and it reduced the electrical energy consumption while maintaining an appropriate heating performance in smart farms. These research findings are expected to contribute to energy conservation and performance improvement in smart farming.

• 한국웰니스학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

This study chose the academic journals related with e-sports for analysis among the top tier journals of National Research Foundation of Korea from 2006 to 2011 to check the academic trend Beginning in 2006, the first study of e-sports was published in the journal related with e-sports. So, the studies from 2006 to 2011 were chosen for analysis. Using Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), the keyword 'e-sports' was searched. By virtue of this process, total 27 studies were selected as final analysis. So, the academic trends are as follows. In Korea, the studies related with e-sports have started from the beginning of 2000s with internet and then it spread out via cable TV. And then from the middle of 2000s, e-sports was discussed seriously. The early subject of the studies usually focused on the measurement of e-sports based on the strategic elements as a product. After that, game addiction and violent tendency which were one of the biggest issues were raised as a constant problem and it became the academic studies of user behavior. E-sports became a recreation culture of teenagers so it has been in charge of the role of exit and the problems related with it have continuously appeared. So, the academic studies tend to have departmentalization like immersion, addiction, sociality, self-regulation and etc. But, there was a tendency that the similar contents were repeated in the view point of subject and method while the subjects were departmentalized. So, for the systematic study of e-sports, development of the unique subject, study method and verification process should be conducted continuously.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

디지털 기술과 인터넷의 발전은 콘텐츠 산업에 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 이러한 변화에 발맞추기 위하여 저작권법 또한 여러 개정 작업을 거쳤고, 2006년 개정에서 "디지털음성송신" 개념이 도입되었다. 그러나 현행법상 디지털음성송신의 개념은 방송 및 전송과의 구분 기준이 추상적이고 명확하지 못한 문제점이 있다. 이러한 모호성으로 인해 새롭게 등장한 "프리리슨"과 같은 음악 웹캐스팅 서비스들의 법적 지위에 대해 판단하기 어려운 상황이다. 이들 서비스는 디지털음성송신을 표방하고 있으나, 그 편의성과 효용에 있어 전송과의 유사성으로 인해 "유사전송"이라는 새로운 개념을 탄생시켰다. 이러한 문제는 기술의 발전과 법체계의 불균형에서 비롯된 것으로 해결을 위해 규율 체계의 변화가 불가피 하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 관련 사례와 미국의 저작권법 규정을 검토하여 유사전송 문제에 대한 해결방안을 논의한다. 유사전송 문제를 어떠한 법적 기준으로 판단할 것인지와 음반시장에 가져올 수 있는 실질적인 피해를 줄일 수 있는 입법 방안을 제시한다.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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• pp.267-271
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• 2005

The goal of data mining is to extract new and useful knowledge from large scale datasets. As the amount of available data grows explosively, it became vitally important to develop faster data mining algorithms for various types of data. Recently, an interest in developing data mining algorithms that operate on graphs has been increased. Especially, mining frequent patterns from structured data such as graphs has been concerned by many research groups. A graph is a highly adaptable representation scheme that used in many domains including chemistry, bioinformatics and physics. For example, the chemical structure of a given substance can be modelled by an undirected labelled graph in which each node corresponds to an atom and each edge corresponds to a chemical bond between atoms. Internet can also be modelled as a directed graph in which each node corresponds to an web site and each edge corresponds to a hypertext link between web sites. Notably in bioinformatics area, various kinds of newly discovered data such as gene regulation networks or protein interaction networks could be modelled as graphs. There have been a number of attempts to find useful knowledge from these graph structured data. One of the most powerful analysis tool for graph structured data is frequent subgraph analysis. Recurring patterns in graph data can provide incomparable insights into that graph data. However, to find recurring subgraphs is extremely expensive in computational side. At the core of the problem, there are two computationally challenging problems. 1) Subgraph isomorphism and 2) Enumeration of subgraphs. Problems related to the former are subgraph isomorphism problem (Is graph A contains graph B?) and graph isomorphism problem(Are two graphs A and B the same or not?). Even these simplified versions of the subgraph mining problem are known to be NP-complete or Polymorphism-complete and no polynomial time algorithm has been existed so far. The later is also a difficult problem. We should generate all of 2$^n$ subgraphs if there is no constraint where n is the number of vertices of the input graph. In order to find frequent subgraphs from larger graph database, it is essential to give appropriate constraint to the subgraphs to find. Most of the current approaches are focus on the frequencies of a subgraph: the higher the frequency of a graph is, the more attentions should be given to that graph. Recently, several algorithms which use level by level approaches to find frequent subgraphs have been developed. Some of the recently emerging applications suggest that other constraints such as connectivity also could be useful in mining subgraphs : more strongly connected parts of a graph are more informative. If we restrict the set of subgraphs to mine to more strongly connected parts, its computational complexity could be decreased significantly. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm to mine frequent subgraphs that are more strongly connected. Experimental study shows that the algorithm is scaling to larger graphs which have more than ten thousand vertices.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

Purpose - The Korean government has revised the distribution industry development law to regulate large-scale retailer operations to protecting medium- and small-scale retailers and traditional markets. According to the revised law, large-scale retailers must follow regulations on operating hours and compulsory store closures two days per month. Based on the revised distribution industry development law, most local governments regulate operation hours and they have adopted compulsory closure programs for large-scale retail stores. However, it is argued that fresh food producers suffer from a decrease in sales based on the compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers. Large-scale retailers reduce their fresh food orders from agricultural and fishery producers because of the compulsory store closures. Fresh food producers also suffer from a decrease in prices because reduced orders lead to a decrease in auction prices based on the availability of excess goods in wholesale markets. This paper investigates the effects of operation regulations for large-scale retailers on agricultural producers by surveying agricultural and fishery producer organizations. Research design, data, methodology - A survey was conducted on 117 producer organizations of fruits and vegetables, cereals, fisheries, and livestock products from September 10 to October 4, 2012. Survey items are annual sales, shares of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers, reduction of orders and prices from large-scale retailers, methods to deal with the sales reduction, unfair trade practices of large-scale retailers, opinion of the large-scale retailer regulations, and so on. The average sales of the sampled producer organizations are 13.7 billion won and the average share of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers is 35.4%. Results - Survey results show that the sample producer organizations' sales decreased 10.1% because of the compulsory closures of stores operated by large-scale retailers. It is estimated that the total sales of producer organizations decreased 371.2 billion won because of the regulations on the operation of large-scale retailers. In addition to the direct effect of a sales decrease due to order reduction, agricultural and fishery producer organizations suffered from the secondary effect of price reduction in wholesale markets. When orders from large-scale retailers decreased, most agricultural and fishery producer organizations shipped redundant products to wholesale markets, decreasing auction prices. It was estimated that the price received decreased 21.9% when sold in other marketing channels. As producer organization sales decreased, it was reported that the labor force employed by producer organizations also decreased by 15.1%. Therefore, we can conclude that the regulations for large-scale retailer operations resulted in negative impacts on agricultural producers. Conclusions - Although the sales reduction due to the regulations for large-scale retailer operations are not great, the cumulative effects due to the continued compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers could be great. This paper suggests governmental programs that could help agricultural producer organizations to find new and effective marketing channels such as direct marketing, farmers' markets, exports, Internet shopping, and so on.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between knowledge of nutrition labeling and the effect on eating habits with 300 high school boys in Seoul. The subjects were divided into an underweight (UW) group (BMI < $18.5kg/m^2$, n = 42), a normal weight (NW) group ($18.5kg/m^2\;{\leq}\;BMI\;<\;23kg/m^2$, n = 129) and an overweight (OW) group (BMI ${\geq}\;23kg/m^2$, n = 79) based on their body mass index (BMI). The average age of participants was 17.8 years old and their mean height and weight were 174.9 cm and 66.5 kg. The mean BMI of subjects was $21.7kg/m^2$ which fell within the normal range. Seventy six point four percent of subjects perceived nutrition labeling and they acquired the information pertaining to it through TV and internet. The UW group and the OW group obtained it from their parents, relatives and friends, while NW group acquired it from school. There were significant differences among groups in the acquired source of the information on nutrition labeling (p < 0.05). The NW group and the OW group trusted nutrition labeling more than the UW group, but there were no significant differences among them. Forty five point five percent of the UW group and 40.7% the NW group were satisfied with nutrition labeling education, while only 15.8% of the OW group did it. The OW group checked nutrition labeling more than the UW group and the NW group at the point of food purchase. The primary reason for examining nutrition labeling was 'to check nutrient contents' in the UW group and the NW group, while the OW group examined it to improve health including regulation of body weight. There were significant differences among groups with regards to the reason for examining nutrition labeling (p < 0.001). The OW group was aware that nutrition labeling affected their eating ha-bits significantly more than the other groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, application-centered education on nutrition labeling and the strong support of the government is needed in order to improve nutrition labeling use and to apply the information from nutrition labeling into student dietary life.

• 정보화정책
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2015

본 연구는 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 웹 캠페인이 전 세계적으로 확산되고 있으나, 인터넷 강국 한국에서는 <선거법> 규제로 인한 제약이 있다는 점에 주목해서 그 문제점과 해결 방안을 분석하고자 했다. 연구 결과, 첫째, <선거법> 제93조 제1항은 헌법재판소의 한정위헌 결정으로 상시적 웹 캠페인이 가능한데, 제59조와 제254조(선거운동기간위반죄)는 이와 달라 개정이 필요하다. 둘째, ISP에 대한 삭제 등 조치요청은 <선거법>과 <정보통신망법> 조항들을 같이 개정해야 한다. <선거법> 제82조의4 제3항과 <정보통신망법>의 게시물 삭제 또는 취급거부 등의 조치를 ISP에게 요청할 경우, 이중 처벌의 가능성도 있어 개정이 필요하다. 셋째, <선거법> 제82조의6(인터넷언론사 게시판 대화방 등의 실명확인)은 2015년 7월 헌법재판소가 합헌이라 결정했지만 장기적으로 정치적 표현의 자유를 제한할 소지가 강해 보완 입법이 필요하다. 마지막으로, 연구는 <선거법> 개정이 왜 어려운지를 2가지 정치적 맥락에서 재해석하고 웹 캠페인 활성화를 위한 <선거법> 개정방식으로 정치인뿐 아니라 다수의 전문가와 시민사회 등이 참여하는 '<선거법>개정 다층 거버넌스'를 제안한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2016

Evidence shows that tobacco advertising and promotion activities may increase tobacco consumption and usage, especially in youth. Despite the regulation on prohibiting advertisement of any tobacco product, tobacco advertisement and promotion activities are still common in Vietnam. This article presents current exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion (TAP) among school children aged 13 to 15 years in Vietnam in 2014 and potential influencing factors. Data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2014 in Vietnam covering 3,430 school aged children were used. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were carried out with Stata 13 statistical software. Binary logistic regression was applied to explain the exposure to TAP among youth and examine relationships with individual factors. A significance level of p<0.05 and sampling weights were used in all of the computations. In the past 30 days, 48.6% of the students experienced exposure to at least 1 type of tobacco advertising or promotion. Wearing or otherwise using products related to tobacco was the most exposure TAP type reported by students (22.3%). The internet (22.1), points of sales (19.2) and social events (11.5) were three places that students aged 13-15 frequently were exposed to TAP. Binary logistic results showed that gender (female vs male) (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.52 - 0.71), susceptibility to smoking (OR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.53 - 2.92), closest friends' smoked (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.2 - 1.7) and parents smoking status (OR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.6 - 5.01) were significantly associated with TAP exposure among school-aged children. The research findings should contribute to effective implementation of measures for preventing and controlling tobacco use among students aged 13-15 in Viet Nam.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

정보화 및 인터넷의 급속한 발전에 따라 개인정보를 취급하는 기업에서 개인정보의 안전한 취급 관리를 위한 조치를 취하지 않아 개인정보가 유출되고 오 남용되는 사례가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 이에 국내에서는 개인정보주체의 프라이버시 보호와 피해를 줄이기 위해 개인정보보호 관련 법제를 강화하고 관련 법제를 바탕으로 개인정보처리자가 개인정보를 보호하기 위한 안전성 확보조치 기준을 마련하고 따르도록 하고 있다. 그러나 개인정보의 안전성 확보조치 기준항목의 경우 각 개인정보 처리 기업의 특성 및 항목별 중요도에 따른 우선 적용 기준 등이 고려되지 않아 이행에 어려움이 따르고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 개인정보의 안전성 확보조치 기준들의 세부적인 사항들을 기존 문헌 연구와 관련 법률을 통해 평가 기준을 도출하고, 평가 기준의 정량화 및 계층화를 위해 KJ (Kawakita Jiro) 기법을 이용하여 유사기준 항목의 통합 및 그룹화를 하여 계층구조를 생성한다. 이렇게 생성된 계층 구조를 AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) 기법을 이용해 전문가 대상으로 가중치 산정하여 기업에서 보다 합리적이고 효율적인 개인정보보호를 위한 우선순위 제안을 목적으로 한다.