• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.295-323
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• 1999

A main purpose of this study is to examine the international mercantile custom of Russia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the new Russia have to make a relation external world for economic development. The geostrategic importance and natural resources in Russia attracted constant interest of western countries. There are many difficulties in this country and hundreds of Korean and western companies already operate in Russia and their activities are more and more of a long-tenn character. So, the settlements of trade and understanding between Korea and Russia are very important. It includes effective methods of trade settlement, factors of successful negotiation, differences of trade customs and business environment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

The production, processing, sale and service of food materials are not subject to attainment via a single country. In accordance with internationalization of the world, issues related to food safety have emerged as critical international concerns and they are closely associated with the health and interest of domestic consumers, producers, manufacturers, and distributors. As a third party certification standards, ISO 22000 is in progress International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and the Draft International Standard(DIS) has already been presented on December 2004. The purpose of this study is to analyze the international standards, guidelines and legislation in regard of Food Safety Management System(FSMS) including ISO 9001, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point(HACCP) and Product Liability(PL) so as to present Korean-model Food Safety Management System requirements and system establishment model.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.349-370
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• 2016

This thesis examines the problems faced in the electronic bill of lading for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. First, to build a negotiation system for electronic B/Ls, active participation from related parties in addition to the government support is essential. Second, electronic B/Ls cannot be utilized within a short period of time in current commercial practices. Third, there should be infrastructure which connects all parties of international commerce through an electronic system. Fourth, instead of promoting mutual recognition through international treaty, there should be a plan which legally specifying mutual recognition between certification authorities. Fifth, it is needed to ease the strictness of electronic signature to promote the global negotiation of electronic B/Ls. Lastly, in prima facie weight of evidence, there was a significant difference with the Rotterdam Rules even in comparison with the Commercial Act which was amended with the significantly advanced rules on electronic B/L. He believed there should be a discreet consideration on these matters at the revision of the Commercial Act. For this, the government has to provide support more aggressively with more interest and commitments.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.99-112
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• 2020

It is no exaggeration to say that today's world economy is dependent on international trade, which is the result of inter-state transactions. As the vast majority of international goods transport is transported by international shipping, interest in the seaborne transport field is natural in international and trade studies. In particular, in the case of international shipping, as it is the basis of typical international transportation, changes in international shipping due to the innovation of technology may have an effect on international trade norms. In this study, as a result of evaluating port preference in a hypothetical scenario by using the Design of Experiments method, bunkering as well as port service, which is traditionally important, was identified as a major competitive factor of future ports. It has been revealed that, above all, the port to respond to the future is the continued importance of port services and the supply of ship fuel. Therefore, port authorities are providing implications that LNG bunkering infrastructure suitable for international environmental regulations is important.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.12 s.214
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• pp.153-163
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences of appearance behavior and ego integrity of elderly women according to demographic variables, and health, and to examine how the ego integrity of elderly women was influenced by appearance behavior, health, and demographic variables. The subjects were 117 elderly women(aged 60 to 70) in Jinju, Korea who were interviewed face-to face with a survey questionnaire. The results of the study were as follows. There were significant differences in appearance adornment and ego integrity (wise living and attitude toward life) according to age. After controlling for age, there were significant differences in appearance interest, makeup, and ego integrity according to education. There was a significant difference in ego integrity (attitude toward life) according to the presence of a spouse or mate. There were significant differences in appearance interest, makeup, and ego integrity according to health. Health and education had a significant effect on satisfaction with the present living. Health, age(-), and appearance behavior had a significant effect on wise living. Health, age(-), and education had a significant effect on attitude toward life. Education and health had a significant effect on appearance behavior. The present findings indicate that health state and appearance behavior, such as appearance interest and makeup, had a significant effect on the ego integrity of elderly women. On the whole, the ego integrity of elderly women was positively correlated with the level of health state, education, and appearance behavior.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.221-246
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• 2010

The paper is basically attempted to reveal a mechanism of exchange rate determination in global foreign exchange markets. For a theoretical framework, uncovered interest rate parity(UIRP), covered interest rate parity(CIRP), and real interest rate parity(RIRP) are tentatively adapted, and GARCH-M model is employed for an econometric methodology. Empirical evidence shows that the UIRP is superior to others, and the RIRP is better than the CIRP in explaining how exchange rates are determined in global exchange markets. All of them, however, is not fully supported by economic theories. Following Frankel(1989), country premium, volatility premium, and currency premium are evaluated to see if which premium is a crucial in disturbing the RIRP, and it is found that country and currency premiums are a major components in disturbing the RIRP. To this end, market-oriented and market-determined systems has to be built to avoid currency disputes which is undergoing hot issue in global foreign exchange market.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2022

The development and spread of IT-technologies has raised interest in teaching programming pupils. The article deals with problems related to programming and ways to overcome them. The importance of programming skills is emphasized, as this process promotes the formation of algorithmic thinking of pupils. The authors determined the level of pupils' interest to programing learning depending on the age. The analysis has showed that the natural interest of younger pupils in programming is decreasing over the years and in the most productive period of its study is minimized. It is revealed that senior school pupils are characterized by low level of interest in the study of programming; lack of motivation; the presence of psychological blocks on their own abilities in the context of programming; law level of computer science understanding. To overcome these problems, we conducted the second stage of the experiment, which was based on a change in the approach to programing learning, which involved pupils of non-specialized classes of senior school (experimental group). During the study of programming, special attention was paid to the motivational and psychological component, as well as the use of game technologies and teamwork of pupils. The results of the pedagogical experiment on studying the effectiveness of teaching programming for pupils of nonspecialized classes are presented. Improvement of the results provided the use of social and cognitive motives; application of verbal and non-verbal, external and internal means; communicative attacks; stimulation and psychological setting; game techniques, independent work and reflection, teamwork. The positive effect of the implemented methods is shown by the results verified by the methods of mathematical statistics in the experimental and control groups of pupils.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.66-76
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• 2004

정보통신환경에서 사용되는 정보통신기기간의 상호접속은 표준 규격을 적합하게 구현했는가에 따라 좌우된다. 국내에서도 최근 정보통신 기기간의 상호운용성의 중요도가 한층 커지고 있다. 최근에는 상호 호환성이 있는 정보의 소통을 위해 정보기술(information technology) 및 전기통신(telecommunication) 분야의 표준화 요구가 실질적으로 대두되기 시작하여 이에 대한 연구가 ISO(International Organization for Standardization)와 CCITT(International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)를 중심으로 활발하게 추진되고 있다. 블루투스도 이들 국제표준기구에서 제정 권고된 표준을 기반으로 블루투스 제품들을 상호 접속하여 호환성 있게 운용하기 위하여 블루투스 SIG(Special Interest Group)에서 블루투스 제품에 대한 적합성시험을 실시하고 있다. (중략)

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-38
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• 2015

Fama's (1984) volatility relations show that the risk premium in foreign exchange markets is more volatile than, and is negatively correlated with the expected rate of depreciation. This paper studies these relations from the perspective of goods markets frictions. Using a sticky-price general equilibrium model, we show that near-random walk behaviors of both exchange rates and consumption, in response to monetary shocks, can be derived endogenously. Based on this approach, the paper provides quantitative results on Fama's volatility relations.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

The article discusses creation and development of venture investment mechanism in Russia. We analyze some tendencies of venture capital funds functioning which should be focused on the financing of development and production of high-tech products, for the period from the creation of the first funds of venture capital investment in 1994 to 2015. The study results may be of interest for business angels and venture capital funds, as well as for public authorities regulating the legal mechanisms to facilitate such investors.