• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2016

Purpose - Given the increasing interest in the Eurasian Initiative, government-wide studies for the construction of the Silk Road Express are currently being conducted. However, the Korean Government has no experience in operating international freight railroads and has not encountered problems in train service plans, international conventions, and customs clearance, which will arise when TKR is connected to TSR, TCR, and TMGR. Research design, data and methodology - Given these conditions, the cases of direct services in international freight railroads between China and Europe are investigated to identify the possible problems in the connection between TKR and continental railroads. This study also identifies the plans for activating Eurasian railroad logistics. Results - For the service of international freight trains, Korea needs to join international conventions, such as OJSD, as a regular member. Furthermore, any relevant international conference after the conclusion of such an agreement is needed for the agreement on train service schedules, fees, and procedures for passing border stations. Conclusions - Customs clearance and relevant documents must be standardized to address the differences in clearance systems between nations.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2006

Employment rate of graduating students has been one of the most important issues at universities. Recently interest on internship abroad has been increased significantly due to globalization of the society In particular, central and local governments have developed policies and encouraged university students to participate in internships abroad. However, activities and resources for internships abroad are very limited to a few organizations. This paper investigated the current status of internship in the U.S. and Korea. Then, this paper analyzed differences in demand and supply of the internship and matching mechanism of the internship between the U.S. and Korea. From the results of those analyses, this paper developed an international network model which can help effective and efficient increase in the demand and supply of the internship as well as the internship matching mechanism in Korea. This network model utilizes international NGOs in order to develop internationally cooperative environment. This model provides mechanism for (1) effectively identifying intern applicants who like to work abroad and evaluating thent (2) effectively identifying new internship positions and evaluating companies which plan to hire interns, (3) efficiently matching demand for and supply of internship by identifying appropriate candidates, (4) monitoring companies for their quality of working conditions and interns for their qualities of work This model for internship has been applied for a NGO which is International CBMC (Christian Businessman Committee International)

• Strategy21
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• s.38
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• pp.13-46
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• 2015

Dokdo issue reaches beyond economic and security interest to Koreans, as it is regarded as symbol of her independence. Albeit the fact that Japan has merely no legitimate title over Dokdo, Japan has been tenaciously insisting their jurisdiction over Dokdo since the independence of Korea. Under such circumstances, public outrage towards Japan is most certainly understandable. Yet, mere outrage itself, lacking in logic and factual grounds, can contribute little if not any, to the desirable solution of the problem. Precedents reveal that dealing maritime issues amid lack of profound understanding in international law has often led to undesirable results, such as the inclusion of Dokdo in the Joint Management Fisheries Zone in 1999 Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement. In a sense, adroit use of international law is a critical element in preserving Korea's sovereign rights against persistent Japanese plans to rob Dokdo once again. The Dokdo issue is inextricably bound to international law; the legal status of Dokdo as island, the equitable solution of maritime boundary delimitation and effective control, existence of dispute. Yet, the public policies and arguments made by pundits are generally in lack of understanding in international law. It is now the time for Korea to commence on long-term cross-academia / department plans to establish Dokdo strategy as part of the nationwide maritime strategy effectively using international law as its stronghold.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.299-304
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• 2024

Human rights problem of refugee is the most important task to be solved in the international society. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was established in 1950, with the need for cooperation in the face of the European refugee crisis. In 1951, 'The 1951 refugee convention' was signed for the protection of all refugees. Since the 1951 Refugee Convention, a legal framework has been established for responding to refugees. However, the discrimination and persecution of refugees are still lingering. The interest and the political will of many people in the world are needed to solve this problem. This article analyzes what efforts should be made with respect to human rights issues. This article concludes that, when comparing refugee acceptance and Korea, Korea needs to look at the common denominator of refugee law, human rights law, and international humanitarian law while looking at the treatment of refugees and displaced people from an inclusive approach, and reorganize law and policy. Since Korea is expected to gradually require inclusive policies, Korea should also supplement the legal system and take an inclusive approach. Although Korea as a member of the Refugee Convention, the Geneva Convention, and the Supplementary Protocol, has an obligation to enact domestic implementation laws, it does not reflect all of the obligations required by these conventions, so reorganization is needed.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-76
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• 1986

The northeastern Pacific and eastern Bering Sea supports large and divers finfish and shellfish compelxes. The North Pacific fishing grounds are largest fish production total 30.89 percent of the world in 1983. Recent action by the around countries extending their fisheies jurisdiction to 200 mile has provided a new environment. The new approch to fisheries management has resulted in an arormous expansion in tile demand for scientific information. These are no longer limited to biological concerns. Emphasis has been focused recently on the need to understand the economic, social, politics and philosophy characteristics of a fishing and how they will be affected by management decisions. The horizontal management and portfolio management for fisheries has increased interest in complex biological models and the coupling of these models with economic, politics and phyisophy components. Successful completion of this task will require and expanded understanding of oceanographic, biological, economic, social, politics and philosophic process associated with fisheries. Particular attention should be devoted to acquiring information an data processing for Korean trawl fishery, stock assessment in the areas. The need for international collaboration in management must be stressed. Some northeast Pacific and eastern Bering Sea fish stock migrate over long distances and political boundaries. Further, nearly all the fish stocks are harvested by several nations. The features require cooperation and coordination of research activities. The horizontal management will be made a way these activities for the around countries in the sea. Strongly, tile proposed again, Pacific International Council for Exploration of the Seas, PICES will interest between all users of the area's fisheries.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.213-217
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• 2020

In this paper, we present that Virtual Reality (VR) is a type of media that has attracted interest in storytelling and media utilization. VR was first discussed as a specific narrative medium with traditional story medium. Via this discussion, The innate difference of VR is that the role of the media users in which the narrative is communicated were active in the development of the narrative unlike that of most classical narrative media. We also discussed specific features related to VR based on the theories of traditional literary criticism, movie reviews, and plays. Through these discussions, we aruged two directions of VR storytelling production as an narrative medium, its specificity, and its expressiveness for VR producers. First, story processing and characters can be introduced as part of continuing a new narrative by altering the interaction history that appears in VR stories to user interest ratings. Second, VR interaction responds intuitively to the idea that it represents a trajectory across the story surface of all possible interactions. More specific theories and controvercials are discussed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.179-202
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• 2010

Broadcasting services sector has been facing strong public pressure to shift gears from regulation to deregulation since mid-1990s, where a triggering role was played particularly by rapid development of IT technology and content digitization. Major agenda was how to reduce regulatory divides between more liberal telecommunication sector and less liberal broadcasting. After all, common solution package worldwide was for the latter to switch over from network-dependent(vertical) to network-independent(horizontal) regulation, and to facilitate more open and competitive transmission with content market kept protected. This is no other than decoupling content provision from broadcasting and promoting market access towards the latter. Policy experiences of US and UK show that there exists a complementary relationship between quantitative and qualitative restrictions in implementing such deregulation. While mitigating quantitative ownership regulations in broadcasting, they also sought to systematize, so-called, PIT(public interest test) as a qualitative safety device to cope with the risk of losing fundamental public values accordingly in broadcasting. Recent domestic progress in broadcasting legislation in 2009, however, seems to overlook the growing importance of PIT in the process of deregulation. Bearing this motivation in mind and taking account of the relevant WTO disciplines, this paper is to address policy issues and suggestions for PIT in Korea's broadcasting services sector.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.55
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• pp.3-32
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• 2012

CISG article 74 establishes the general formula applicable in all cases where an aggrieved party is entitled to recover damages. It provides that damages for breach of contract comprise all losses, including loss of profits, caused by the breach, to the extent that these losses were foreseeable by the breaching party at the time the contract was concluded. An aggrieved party may claim under article 74 even if entitled to claim under article 75 or 76. The latter articles explicitly provide that an aggrieved party may recover additional damages under article 74. Articles 75 and 76 apply only in cases where the contract has been avoided. Article 75 measures damages concretely by reference to the price in a substitute transactions, while article 76 measures damages abstractly by reference to the current market price. Article 76 (1) provides that an aggrieved party may not calculate damages under article 76 if it has concluded a substitute transaction under article 75. If however, an aggrieved party concludes a substitute transaction for less than the contract quantity, both articles 75 and 76 may apply. Pursuant to article 77, damages recoverable under articles 74, 75 or 76 are reduced if it is established that the aggrieved party failed to mitigate losses. The reduction is the amount by which the loss should have been mitigated. Article 78 entitles a party to interest on the price and any other sum that is in arrears.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

This paper is concerned with Korean students' attitudes towards robots, presenting two survey studies. The first study was concerned with a group of college students, taking the perspective of international comparison. Data were collected by administering an online survey, where 106 volunteer students had participated. In the survey, the Negative Attitude towards Robot Scale(NARS) was adopted to compare the Korean students' scores with those of multi-national groups (U.S.A, Germany, Netherland, Japan, Mexico, and China) who responded to the same scale in Bartneck et al.'s research. The analysis of the data reveals that Korean students tend to be more concerned about social impacts that robots might bring to future society and are very conscious about the uncertain influences of robots on human life. The second study investigated factors that may affect K-12 students' attitudes towards robots, with survey data garnered from 298 elementary, middle, and high school students. The data were analyzed by the method of multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis that a student's gender, age, the extent of interest in robots, and the extent of experiences with robots may influence his or her attitude towards robots. The hypothesis was partially supported in that variables of a student's gender, age, and the extent of interest in robots were statistically significant with regard to the attitude variable. Given the results, this paper suggests three points of discussions to better understand Korean students' attitudes towards robots: social and cultural context, individual differences, and theory of mind.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2009

This article explored the customers protection regulations in electronic payment system by Article 4A of the UCC and EFTA of 1978 and by Electronic Financial Transaction Act of Korea. Both Korea and America have various regulations to protect concerned parties(customers). For examples, the errors of payment order, money-back guarantee, and unauthorized payment order etc. First, this Article focuses on the allocation of risk of loss caused by ambiguous term in payment orders that do not express the subjective intention of the senders. Second, most rights and obligations created by Article 4A of America can be varied with the agreement of affected parties. But there are some exceptions. The exceptions include the money-back guarantee. So Receiving bank have to pay to originator the ordered money included interest. However, Korea also has money-back guarantee but bank do not pay interest to sender. Lastly, Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978 and Regulation E has US$ 50 regulation in order to protect customers on the unauthorized payment order. Article 4A imposes duty to detect unauthorized payment orders to originator in relation to the establishment of commercially reasonable security procedure, while Korean law imposes the duty to notify the bank in order to decrease the loss resulted from unauthorized payment order.