• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2022

최근 COVID-19 바이러스로 인한 대유행으로 우리 사회와 환경, 그리고 기업의 역할과 평가가 변화하고 있다. 기업은 사회적 책임 활동과 함께 투명한 경영활동의 ESG와 같은 비재무적 요소가 평가의 기준이 되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 기업에서의 ESG 개념과 ESG 평가의 중요성과 기업과의 상관관계를 살펴보고, 향후 기업의 ESG 관리 필요성에 대해 살펴보기로 한다. 이를 위해 ESG경영을 가장 잘 실천하고 있는 유통업계의 기업 가운데 하나인 CU를 선정하여 CU의 ESG경영에 대해 깊이 있는 사례연구를 수행하였다. CU는 E, S, G의 전 분야로 나뉘어 전 분야가 적극적으로 활동하며 변화하는 환경과 사회적 요구에 유연하게 대처하고 있었다. 특히 CU가 가장 집중하는 환경관리가 고객들의 실제 소비 증가에 힘입어 성공적인 성과를 거둔 것으로 확인되었다. CU 의 ESG 경영 활동은 현재 진행 중이며 앞으로의 향후 과제이기도 하다. 본 논문을 통하여 ESG 경영을 선도하는 기업으로서 고민과 노력, 실천활동을 공유하고 사회적 책임을 다하는 기업으로 성장하는 과정을 살펴보고 타기업들에게도 실무적인 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2018

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by E. granulosus is a serious helminthic zoonosis in humans, livestock and wildlife. Xinjiang is one of high endemic province for CE in China. A total of 55 sheep and cattle livers containing echinococcal cysts were collected from slaughterhouses in Changji and Yining City, northern region of Xinjiang. PCR was employed for cloning 2 gene fragments, 12S rRNA and CO1 for analysis of phylogenetic diversity of E. granulosus. The results showed that all the samples collected were identified as G1 genotype of E. granulosus. Interestingly, YL5 and CJ75 strains were the older branches compared to those strains from France, Argentina, Australia. CO1 gene fragment showed 20 new genotype haploids and 5 new genotype haplogroups (H1-H5) by the analysis of Network 5.0 software, and the YLY17 strain was identified as the most ancestral haplotype. The major haplotypes, such as CJ75 and YL5 strains, showed identical to the isolates from Middle East. The international and domestic trade of livestock might contribute to the dispersal of different haplotypes for E. granulosus evolution.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.49-70
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• 2020

Purpose - The UCP is recognized as the governing law for L/C transactions, but it covers only the general details of the transaction and does not cover all complex practices. In view of this limitation, this paper examines a negotiation transaction which is most actively utilized in L/C transactions via a thorough review of the UCP provisions, analyzes the problems of the negotiation clause in the UCP, and suggests appropriate countermeasures to deal with unnecessary litigation costs. By doing so, the parties involved in the negotiation transaction would be able to avoid financial costs such as having to pay for lawsuits. Design/methodology - The present study first differentiates the general types of L/Cs (e.g., sight payment L/C, deferred payment L/C, acceptance L/C, and negotiation L/C), explains and the Article 2 and Article 12(b) of the UCP 600 where the term 'negotiation' is used, digs into the drawbacks of 'negotiation' occurring under the UCP 600, and discusses solutions to the problems found by analyzing the drawbacks descriptively. Findings - After a review of the UCP provisions on negotiation in detail, several possible problems which may occur in practice were discovered. First, as the UCP stipulates, the negotiating bank will want to delay payment to the maximum extent possible and make payment on the banking day on which the issuing bank reimburses the amount. This may lead the beneficiary towards bankruptcy or put it in financial crisis. Second, when a fraudulent transaction occurs, the negotiating bank can neither request the issuing bank to reimburse nor can it exercise its recourse right against the beneficiary because it has obtained all the rights of the beneficiary by purchasing the documents. Third, there is a practice in which the beneficiary sells the documents to its transaction bank which is not the nominated bank if the nominated bank specified in the credit is located in a third country or the exporter has no relationship with the nominated bank in the credit. In this case, whether to accept this and reimburse the non-nominated negotiating bank entirely depends on the issuing bank's decision even though such practice frequently occurs in Korea. Originality/value - There has been little research effort pertaining to negotiation transactions in detail even though negotiation L/C transactions account for around 70% in world trade notwithstanding deferred payment L/Cs and acceptance L/Cs that are also negotiated in practice. Thus, if the negotiations clause under the UCP 600 provisions were reviewed and the drawbacks of the negotiation transactions most actively used in L/C transactions were identified and examined, specific countermeasures could ultimately help smoothen the operation of L/C transactions and prevent financial losses.

• 정보화연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2014

지식관리시스템은 조직 내 지식 자산을 효과적으로 관리하고 그 효용을 극대화하기 위해 도입하는 정보시스템이다. 엔지니어링 분야의 경우 해당 분야 전문가의 지식과 노하우에 절대적으로 의존하는 경우가 대부분이므로 지식관리시스템의 도입 효과가 매우 클 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 엔지니어링 분야에서 조직 내 지식을 효과적으로 관리하고 공유하기 위해 필요한 지식관리시스템의 분석 및 설계를 수행하였다. 건설 및 자동차 분야의 실무 전문가를 대상으로 수행한 조사를 통해 엔지니어링 지식관리시스템의 구축 수요와 구축 시 성공요인을 도출하였으며 이를 기반으로 분석 및 설계과정에 객체지향 접근방식을 도입하였다. 건설과 자동차 분야를 기준으로 엔지니어링 지식관리시스템의 사용자 요구사항 도출, 지식맵 설계, 시스템 설계 및 정보 흐름 분석을 수행하였으며 다양한 엔지니어링 분야에 적용 가능한 유연한 시스템 모형을 제안하였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2011

The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(CIETAC) released online arbitration rules which apply the resolution of disputes over electronic commerce transactions, as well as other economic and trade disputes in which the parties agree to do. The evidence submitted by the parties may be electronic evidence created, sent, received or stored by electronic, optical or magnetic means. Electronic evidence with a reliable electronic signature shall carry the same effect and probative force as a document with a hand-written signature. Where a case is tried in a tribunal, the arbitration tribunal shall conduct an online trial hearing using internet video conference or other electronic or computer communication means. Unless the parties have another agreement, summary procedure shall apply to cases where the amount in dispute exceeds RMB 100,000 but no more than RMB 1 million, or where the amount in dispute exceeds RMB 1 million and a party submits a written application for summary procedure after obtaining the written consent of the other party. Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, fast-track procedure shall apply to cases where the amount in dispute does not exceed RMB 100,000 or where the amount in dispute exceeds RMB 100,000 and a party submits a written application for fast-track procedure after obtaining the written consent of the other party. Notable features of the Online Rules are as follows; first, there is not detailed consideration for online arbitration. Second, communications between the parties and the tribunal are allowed only through the Secretariat. Third, elaborate provisions regarding the electronic submission and transmission of documents is provided for. Forth, various factors must be considered by the tribunal in deciding the evidence's reliability. Fifth, reasonable endeavours is levied on CIETAC to keep data communications secure and encrypted. Sixth, the tribunal has the right to investigate and collect relevant evidence. And finally different procedures are provided for in consideration of the various types of E-commerce.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.161-188
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to investigate CFZ(custom free zone) and FTZ(free trade zone) in Korean FTZ System and develop Masan Port in Korea Local Port. The main point of this discussion is to approach the efficient method ill developing Masan Port through comparison CFZ and FTZ. For this purpose, this paper is searched the present situation of logistics in Korea and Northeast Asia, also discussed the concept of FTZ in international status. Then CFZ accepted by Korean government started from the concept of FTZ and is the logistic-centered FTZ in the middle of three model, production-centerde model, production-logistic combination, and logistic-centered FTZ. But CFZ in centering logistic excepted the fundamental manufacture in Korean production. and is almost the same about other various sides, i. e. law and enforcement ordinance. etc This problem is decreasing the efficiency in Korean commercial system. Thus this paper indicate the view point and rightness of region economic through study of FTZ and CFZ in Masan Port. This paper says that FTZ is better then CFZ in Masan Port with comparing superior position about economic development direction, industrial structure, Foreign investment attraction, business fluctuation, national-local renovation. Therefore this paper concludes that the development of Masan Port needs the effort as follow : first, Masan Port must apply in enlarging FTA into Free Tree Area. Second, the government must develop the high-density and medium-small scale in Masan Port. Third, the local government must promote the amount of demand in Masan Port logistic. Forth, the government must actively propel great-sphere development in present Masan Port.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.244-260
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• 2006

The main objective of this study aims at analyzing the national roles of fisheries in the global economy from the constitutional view point. Globalization provides general firms and businessmen with great opportunities that allow them to be able to plan and operate their business strategies beyond the national boundaries. WTO and FTA negotiations must be important facilitators of such globalization. However, Korean primary industries like fisheries under comparative disadvantage have a high probability that there may have to be the trade-offs between the primary and the industrial sector to maximize national benefits in the process of bilateral and/or multilateral international trade deals. Since, moreover, fishermen face strong binding constraints under which they hardly carry out fishing operations standing aloof from national boarders, they have to manage fishing businesses within their own national territory, to maintain and develop fisheries culture, and to explore their own destiny for themselves. Because of such reasons, the constitution imposes upon the State the duty to support and develop fisheries and fishing villages. Considering its article and spirit associated with fisheries(i.e. article 123), it seems unnecessary at this point in time that Korean society makes debates over national consensus for supporting fisheries. The reason is because the explicit provisions of the constitution do not allow their arbitrary interpretation depending upon interests or policy situations. However, where national support to the particular sector could not meet the expected social value system, there would be a great deal of chance to invite serious societal debates over such national commitment to the fisheries. Therefore, whether using it efficiently and realizing the socially expected policy goals must be a responsibility of both fisheries administration and fishing industries.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.877-885
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• 2022

Vision-based activity recognition has been widely attempted at construction sites to estimate productivity and enhance workers' health and safety. Previous studies have focused on extracting an individual worker's postural information from sequential image frames for activity recognition. However, various trades of workers perform different tasks with similar postural patterns, which degrades the performance of activity recognition based on postural information. To this end, this research exploited a concept of human-object interaction, the interaction between a worker and their surrounding objects, considering the fact that trade workers interact with a specific object (e.g., working tools or construction materials) relevant to their trades. This research developed an approach to understand the context from sequential image frames based on four features: posture, object, spatial features, and temporal feature. Both posture and object features were used to analyze the interaction between the worker and the target object, and the other two features were used to detect movements from the entire region of image frames in both temporal and spatial domains. The developed approach used convolutional neural networks (CNN) for feature extractors and activity classifiers and long short-term memory (LSTM) was also used as an activity classifier. The developed approach provided an average accuracy of 85.96% for classifying 12 target construction tasks performed by two trades of workers, which was higher than two benchmark models. This experimental result indicated that integrating a concept of the human-object interaction offers great benefits in activity recognition when various trade workers coexist in a scene.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2014

Purpose - This study identified internationalization factors forKorean SMEs and explored factor differences between AEO and non-AEO authorized companies. Research design, data, and methodology - The study was designed to assess internationalization factors for AEO authorization in Korea through a questionnaire survey and an empirical analysis. The questionnaires were conducted for AEO and Non-AEO authorized companies that were undergoing AEO authorization. The study was conducted through e-mail and AEO manager education classes. Ninety-five questionnaires were collected. We employed the exploratory factor analysis methodology to derive internationalization factors for KoreanSMEs, and explored the factor differences between AEO and Non-AEO authorized companies. Results - AEO authorized companies outperformed Non-AEO authorized companies in R&D and technology. This indicated that AEO authorized companies were recognized as reliable and safe companies by the Korea Customs Service and other Customs services in trade facilitation and customs clearance processes. Conclusions - This study has some implications for AEO authorization and internationalization processes, and involved the empirical analysis of SMEs and the exploratory factor analysis in the internationalization process.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-149
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• 2010

Since the Arbitration Law of China took effect in 1995, arbitration has grown with the economy. At the end of 2009, there were 202 arbitration institutions in China. Among them, China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(CIETAC) has adopted online arbitration and has settled internet domain name disputes since 2001. CIETAC Domain Name Dispute Resolution Center(DNDRC) has accumulated abundant experiences of online arbitration in the field of domain name disputes. Based on those experiences, on 1 May 2009, CIETAC implemented the CIETAC Online Arbitration Rules(Rules') to regulate the resolution of e-business disputes as well as other business disputes. With this background, this article aims to study the status quo, practices and issues of online arbitration conducted by CIETAC. For the purpose of the article, a general picture of online arbitration is outlined first, followed by introducing the steps of the online arbitration procedure. According to the 'Rules', the entire arbitration process is conducted using online communication methods which are cost-effective and efficient. To facilitate the development of online arbitration, legal barriers need to be removed. This article considers main legal issues of online arbitration in China and proposes amendment to Chinese Arbitration Law, in particular, the recognition of the validity of electronic arbitration agreements and awards.