• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-126
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• 2014

October 4, 1957 the Soviet Sputnik 1 was launched into space the first time in the history of mankind. After launching, the realm of humankind was expanded to space. Today all countries of the world wage a fierce competition in order to utilize space for various purposes. World powers of space such as United States, Russia, China, and Japan, put reconnaissance satellites and ocean surveillance satellites into orbit, being able to easily see equipment and troops movement on earth. Each country makes efforts to occupy space assets through the militarization of space and expand national interests. Recently private companies or individuals involved in commercial space activities are becoming more prevalent. Thus, in addition to space activities for military purposes, commercial space activities become widespread. Individuals and private companies as well as nations are also involved in space activities. Outer space is not the monopoly of space powers such as the United States and Russia. The whole human race can benefit from free access to space, being the common heritage of mankind. In particular, outer space becomes an indispensable element of military activities and human life. Many countries are now entering space development, putting a lot of budget into new development programs. Republic of Korea also built the Narodo Space Center, starting its space development with budget and manpower. We have to find out ways to use space not only for military purposes but also for commercial space activities that can contribute to the national economy. In addition, through the joint efforts of the international community, we have to make efforts for preservation and peaceful use of space. Various issues relating to space activities and research should be studies in order to contribute to the progress of humanity. Those issues include the definition of outer space, space debris reduction and environmental conservation issues, non-bind measure cooperation - European International Code of Conduct, space law and national legislation related empowerment issues, arms control measures in space, and restrictions on the use of nuclear fuel. We also need to be involved in the discussion of those issues as one of responsible space countries. In addition, we try to find out regional cooperation schemes such as the ESA in the Europe actively. Currently in the Northeast Asia, cooperation bodies led by Japan and China respectively, are operated in the confrontational way. To avoid such confrontation, a new cooperative body needs to be established for cooperation on space exploration and information. The system to allow the exchange of satellite information for early warning of natural disasters needs to be built as well. In addition, efforts to enhance the effectiveness of the relevant international treaties on space, and fill in the blanks in international space laws should be made at the same time. To this end, we have to do a leading role in the establishment of standards such as non-binding measures (resolution) - Code of Conduct, being discussed in the UN and other organizations, and compliance with those standards. Courses in aerospace should be requires in law schools and educational institutes, and professional manpower need to be nurtured. In addition, the space-related technology and policy needs to be jointly studied among the private, public, and military groups, and the cross exchange among them should be encouraged.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.195-222
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• 2017

This exploratory study analyses the factors, sources and effects of the regional competitive advantage of Jeju Island in Korea in global competition era. The competitive advantage of Jeju Province is analysed with the triple diamond model based on Porter's model for the competitive advantage of nations. The competitive advantage factors of Jeju Province are measured through the competitive advantage of the hospitality industry, which is one of the major industries of Jeju Island. These factors include outstanding natural landscape, domestic hospitality industry workforce, social overhead capital, massive domestic and international tourists, growth of related industries such as duty free shops and casinos, and coincidences such as Jeju Olle trail construction and Chinese government's international travel approval. Since these factors are based on local, domestic and international management resources, this study suggests that obtaining such resources is critical among Jeju hospitality industry in gaining the competitive advantage. Although the competitive advantage of Jeju hospitality industry is increasing, the organic connections with the regional economy are required for improvements on Jeju residents' quality of life. This study examines the factors and origins of competitive advantages on a regional level instead of a national level, and further investigates how the characters and origins of these factors affect the local economy. The results suggest that the triple diamond model is suitable for evaluating the regional competitive advantages.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.161-187
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• 2001

Starting with the meaning of the word quality, diverse concepts connoted by the term are examined. Instead of a bathtub curve, the desirable shape of a failure rate covering the entire life of a good product, which might be called hockey-stick line, is introduced. From the hockey-stick line and the definition of reliability, two measurements are extracted. The terms reliability, failure rate, product life, and durability are explained. From the customer's standpoint, the concept of product quality is classified in five factors, according to related technology: performance, reliability, conformance to specifications, customer perception, and fundamentals advantage. The correlation of the five factors for a first-class product is discussed, Since the market share of a company is determined as the competition result of its product value, defined as product quality and price, the market share increase is derived mathematically from the increment of product value. The market share increase, $\Delta$S, can be calculated from the present market share, S, and the oriented relative value increment of new product, R, to the current product in the same company for the same market target: $\Delta$S : $\Delta$(1-S). R/(1+S.R). Finally, the importance of separating warranty cost from the profit equation for the durables is explained.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2003

This paper examines the dynamics of environmental policy development in Korea by reviewing some of the ways on how the policy windows have been opened. There are a lot of theoretical arguments about the major factors influencing policy development or changes. Many scholars have believed that severe pollution accidents or salient environmental episodes might have been the main motivation of environmental policy development. This line of argument seems valid, especially with the water pollution control policy in Korea. Water pollution control programs had rapidly expanded along with the series of water pollution accidents in the tap water sources from the late 1980s to mid-1990s. However, regarding other major env. issues, various other factors have played more important roles in the development of the relevant policies. In case of air pollution control policy international sport events such as, 1986 Asian Games, 1988 Summer Olympics, and 2002 World Cup Competition, have contributed for the development. The municipal solid waste management policy partly owed its development to the introduction of local autonomy system in the mid-1990s. Even the foreign currency crisis occurring in December 1997 helped the policy paradigm shift from rigid supply-oriented to soft demand-oriented approaches. After closely looking at the dynamics of environmental policy development in Korea, this paper tries to identify the logical background of the observed outcomes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.427-436
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• 2010

The printer sound has many aspects which define its quality because the printer has lots of components and its operation is very complicated. These sound qualities are related to the international competition in printer markets. Recordings inside anechoic chamber were analyzed and a large number of sounds were stimulated using digital signal processing technique. First subjective tests of the printer sound were conducted using semantic different method. By applying factor analysis to the subjective response, two important factors of sound quality were extracted. Second subjective tests were conducted to evaluate the quietness and the impulsiveness of the printer sounds. On the other hand, sound metrics are calculated applying psychoacoustic theories. In this paper, the nonlinear relation between subjective evaluation and sound metrics was identified using artificial neural network and the printer sound quality index was developed. Later, subjective sound quality evaluation will be estimated and evaluated using this index.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.115-134
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• 2011

International Competition for Parc de la Villette has evoked the old architectural question that is about the conflict between unchanging architecture and ever changing time. Tschumi and Koolhaas suggested well-known solutions for it, both of which had started from the criticism of general urban design approach that ignored changing factors in time. However, this study argues that the approaches of Tschumi and Koolhaas are even opposite to each other in spite of their common aims. Influenced by deconstructivists' theories, Tschumi tries to generate the 'text' on the surface of la Villette so that the different users of the park can read it differently. The text is built by 'superimposing' different systems such as points, lines, and surfaces. This study criticizes such formalistic approach since such 'forms' do not generate any dialogue with the real users but just stay as a backdrop for irrelevant events. Meanwhile, Koolhaas concentrates on the 'ground-ness' of la Villette. What he deals with is the real ground which embraces all the potentials on it already. His 'bands' express nothing but the metamorphosis of the ground, and the ground generates the 'differences' out of itself by repeating itself ceaselessly. This study tries to clarify all those happenings and meanings by intimate investigation of various drawing works for the la Villette project by Tschumi and Koolhaas.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.475-484
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• 2020

This study investigates determinants of talent retention in textile and garment companies located in Vietnam's Binh Duong province to propose feasible actions for their sustainable development in the current context of competition on the labor market. This study uses self-completed questionnaires to collect data which are then analysed with statistical methods including scale reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and multiple linear regression. Specifically, results from an official survey of 129 people who are regarded as talents in related companies show that there are ten determinants, ranked in descending order of their importance, including: working environment; training and promotion opportunities; salary and benefits; personal loyalty; relationship with colleagues; nature of work; organizational recognition; type of ownership; relationship with superiors; and working experience. Moreover, it is also found that foreign companies are better in retaining their talents than private domestic ones. These findings suggest that, depending on their available resources, organizations need to focus on some of these factors to improve their talent retention; among them, it is critical to provide creative space or create conductive working environment by providing talents with proper tools and equipment for them to feel excited with their work and get things done in an optimal, efficient and effective manner.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-74
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• 1991

Deregulation privatization regionalism and globalization are the specific examples of the recent trends in the world air transport market. As encouraged by the international trends and the domestic policy of promoting market mechanism Korean has been driving a two-airline policy since 1989. But due to the absence of experience and philosophy about the airline co-mpetition both Korean government and the two airlines have been criticized for failing to set fair-competition rules and for struggling to secure air service rights regardless of national interest. Therefore this study shows the costs and benefits of a two-airline policy in a small count-ry reviews the empirical studies about the cost structure of American and Canadian airlines and analyzes the economic consequences of allocating air service rights between two airlines. The policy recommendations are (1) removing government restrictions and expanding ai-rport facilities to develop the domestic market (2) retaining the two-airline policy in the in-ternational market (3) increasing traffic density rather than expanding network for the small airline (4) improving comparative advantage through a global alliance and a technological innovation for the big airline and (5) building an official committee for co-ordinating the two airlines' interests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.235-238
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• 2001

It is well known that the reliability of materials of mechanical products is becoming more and more important not only for assurance of quality, but for international competition of products. In order to assure the reliability of materials or mechanical products nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are playing more important roles. The existence of Internal defects in materials or mechanical parts is served as crack initiation site during the various loading condition. Historically, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique has been used almost exclusively for detecting microscopic discontinuities In materials or mechanical parts after they have been in service to expand the role of the NDE to include all aspects of materials production and application. Research efforts are being directed at developing and perfecting NDE techniques capable of monitoring (1) materials production processes (2) material integrity following transport, storage and fabrication and (3) the amount and rate of degradation during service. In addition, efforts are underway to develop technique capable of quantitative discontinuity sizing, permitting determination of response using fracture mechanics analysis, as well as techniques for quantitative materials characterization to replace the qualitative techniques used in the past. In this paper, the important role of NDE technology for reliability assurance of materials/mechanical parts is introduced.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.875-887
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide the fashion industry in Korea with materials that could enhance its international competitiveness by suggesting marketing strategies for fast fashion brands after taking product, price, place, and promotion into consideration. The product strategy should focus on developing products that accurately reflect the general market trend and consumer demand, selecting optimal materials, and pursuing internal production. This, coupled with strategic cooperation with designers, will ensure reliable quality and enhance the brand image. The pricing strategy should place greater emphasis on reducing production costs. Diverse task outsourcing and design competition, for instance, can lower the cost of design development. The place strategy should be set according to the operation of a systematic and efficient distribution system based on SPA, an automatic delivery system, sales or return system, speed control system, and a value chain that consists of horizontal business alliances. The promotion strategy should be run under the central control of the headquarters using various unique VMDs. Furthermore, online marketing campaigns, spectacular fashion shows, design competitions, catalogue marketing campaigns, and other new sales promotion schemes could all be introduced.