• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.233-260
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• 2013

Regional Trade Agreements(RTAs) are a prominent feature of the multilateral trading system and have been an important trade policy tool for WTO Members. RTAs has been steadily increasing over the last ten years and this trend will be further strengthened by the many RTAs being proposed and those currently under negotiation. There has been a recent increase in the Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) making it necessary to determine the most effective method for taking advantage of anti-dumping measures between member countries of the RTA. Due to the complexity of anti-dumping laws and abuse of discretion by each nation, however, the basic goal of the RTA has not come to fruition. The results of this study found that the strengthening of anti-dumping measures in the RTA is desirable. A plan to use competition instead of anti-dumping measures must be implemented. For Korea, it will be necessary to develop the fundamentals for the globalization of competitive rules to keep pace with the continuous expansion of FTA.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-172
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• 2009

Service industries nowadays have become the subject of a scientific research. However, unlike research on manufacturing, there has not yet been a broader presentation of important aspects theoretically and methodologically. The importance of service sector in both national and global economies has grown significantly. An active participation of service industries in the internationalization process, notably by licensing and FDI, has occurred over time. But a few sub-sectors still dominate on this process, for example, financial institutions such as banks, securities, and insurance as well as producer services in advertising and accounting. On the other hand, personal services that are owned by small- and medium- sized firm have limited capabilities in their transnational transfer. This paper attempts to examine various factors influencing decisions for these small- and medium- sized Korean beauty firms in entering to the foreign markets. Determining factors for these firms in the engagement of internationalization depends largely on competitive advantages in both domestic and host countries, and they may be different from those in the sub-sectors mentioned above. Based on previous researches, i identified three categories of independent variables(characteristics of firms, managers, and competition) that can influence decisions to enter to the foreign markets. Seven hypotheses have been tested by using a sample of beauty firms in Daegu city and Kyungbuk province. The results show that the intention of these firms to enter to the foreign markets is significantly influenced by the factors of the innovative character of CEO's, the competitiveness of firms, and size of firms.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.411-446
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• 1997

This paper reports the results of an experimental companson of the winning rates in arbitral awards between the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board and the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association, and analyzed the comparative advantages of KCAB in international arbitration compared with ICC. There are so many factors to analyze the level of internationalizaton and competitiveness in the arbitration. From the recent lituratures, arbitration experts reported and debated tremendous elements which is vital to have a competition in the international arbitration market. Arbitration factors such as fairness, reliability, awareness, extension, enforcement, inexpensiveness, closed and expedited proceedings, arbitrators, expert knowledge, service, arbitral award, etc. are very important to appraise the level of the globalization and competitiveness of arbitration organizations Using these factors, I appraised current level of the globalization and competitiveness of the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board, unique arbitration organization in South Korea. Next, we are able to compare the level of fairness using the concept of 'winning rate' All over the world, only several arbitration organizations published and opened their own arbitral awards even In anonymity. The Japanese arbitration institutions published it regularly as well as the Korean When compared with these two institutions' "winning rates". there is similiar tendency in favor of domestic corporations That is to say, the winning rates in domestic arbitration cases are greater than those in international arbitration cases. This embarks an implication of unequality, a part of unfairness, in these two countries' arbitration. Finally, an analysis was conducted between the statistics of KCAB and ICC, especially to the focus on the number of arbitration cases, arbitration tribunals, arbitration places, parties' nationalities. the types of contents, the amount of arbitration, arbitration costs. There are two meanings to keep in mind for advancement of Korean arbitration. One is to establish new strategy specializing in small amount arbitration less than US$200,000. The other is to rearrange the panel of arbitration, especially in increasing field of arbitration cases such as the disputes of license, technology transfer, patent, etc.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-166
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• 2001

Globalization and regionalization are major trends in the international economic system. The severe competition among countries has signalled the need for a new international trade system as prescribed by the WTO, which regulates international trade practices. Additionally, expanding the activities and role of the Pan-Yellow Sea area in the world has a very important function in terms of regional cooperation and logistics environment. In this paper, the trading conditions and shipping transport problems of the Pan-Yellow Sea area (North-East Asia) were investigated. Shipping transport conditions in the Pan-Yellow Sea area, particularly Korea-China routes, were surveyed as well. A new Incheon-China container liner route was suggested as a partial remedy to some of the shipping transport problems of the Pan-Yellow Sea Area (North-East Asia). The Incheon-China Container Liner route is more efficient than Pusan and Pyungtaek Ports or the car ferry route to China in terms of transport time and expense. The transport burden indicator which includes the time and expense of transport, can be a useful tool in comparing these routes. Accordign to the transport burden indicator, the Incheon-China Container Liner route is more efficient than the Pusan, Pyungtaek, or car ferry routes. To establish a successful liner route between the ports of Inchon and China, there is a need to prepare three measures that contain short-term medium-term and long-term strategies. Furthermore, these measures should be prepared and adopted in phases, in accordance with considerations of future conditions for shipping and logistics in the Pan-Yellow Sea area.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.280-301
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• 2016

The competition environment among companies is rapidly expanding into the world market. Therefore, this study intended to suggest an analysis method of patent portfolio that can compare an international technological capacity through empirical analysis on the global automobile companies. This study measured international patent activity using triadic patent data of 20 years from 1991 to 2010, and measured patent quality from legal, technological and economic aspects. As a result, Ford and GM, automobile companies of America, are analyzed to be the potential leaders with greatly increased patent quality. The significance of this study is in measuring international patent activities between global companies from different countries based on the triadic patent. And, this study suggested methods of analyzing patent quality consistently from legal, technological and economic aspects based on the triadic patent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.897-900
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• 2008

As the further development of economic globalization and the continued opening up of international construction markets, many of the countries are faced with more and more severe domestic and international construction market competition. It has been a focus question of all the countries and regions that how to achieve maximal profit in the international construction market, but construction claims are growing into a stumbling block to the project participants to reach their expected goals. Thus, the management of construction claims is considered as the greatest challenge that is facing constructors in today's vacillating business environment. Recently, many of the methodologies have been developed for the construction claims to overcome these current problems, but compared to the developed countries there is still a big gap in some Asian countries, such as China and Korea. This paper attempted to investigate and compare the project claims system in these two countries to figure out the common points and differences.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.333-356
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• 2013

The main purpose of this article is to find out the determinants of usage and performance of the uTradeHub system in Korean SMEs. To achieve the purpose of the study, the research model and the hypotheses were developed based on the previous research on uTradeHub and e-Trade. And to test the research hypotheses, empirical survey was conducted to Korean SMEs which were using uTradeHub services. The results of the empirical analyses are as follows. First, among the external factors, intra-industry competition and transaction intensity were significant determinants of uTradeHub usage level. Secondly, among the internal factors, only CEO's support was found to be a significant determinant. Thirdly, among the IT related factors, IT infrastructure and IT training were positively related to uTradeHub usage level. Finally, the uTradeHub usage level was found to have positive effect both on financial and non-financial export performance of the Korean SMEs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.571-575
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• 2007

With intensive competition due to the limited growth of the domestic construction market volume and the opening and construction boom of international construction market, construction firms register to grope strategy of enterprise dimension for improvement such as entry extension of domestic construction market order corporate strategy and international construction market. In this research, influence factors of corporate strategy are extracted and their interrelationships are presented in the domain of change of external environment with the internal and external market system, construction enterprise's internal capacity and corporate strategy, government and the internal and external market. The result of this research will be used for quantitative analysis through system dynamics simulation and basic data of model effectiveness verification through actuality domestic construction enterprise's case study, and can be used to basic data of new corporate strategy establishment because construction enterprise forecasts effect hereafter establishing corporate strategy in construction environment that change rapidly.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.149-173
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• 2020

While the United States and other Western states are in trouble with COVID-19 crisis, China is continuing its aggressive ocean expansion with its Gray-zone strategy. The Gray-zone strategy, which China uses around the South China Sea, refers to a strategy that promotes a change in international politics by creating an unclear state, neither war or peace. China, which is trying to expand its influence across East Asia, will also try to project a Gray zone strategy on the Korean Peninsula. The possible scenarios are as follows: 1) South Korea is accidentally involved in a dispute in the South China Sea, 2) Military conflicts between South Korea and China is caused by illegal fishing of Chinese boats in Yellow Sea, 3) China tries to interfere with Socotra Rock, 4) Unlikely, but possible in the future that China induce the military conflicts between Korea and Japan on the Dokdo issue. In order to cope with these scenarios, Korea should prepare the following measures from a long-term perspective: the creation of an Asian maritime safety fleet, the integ rated operation of the navy and the coast guard in the framework of the national fleet, and strengthening the conflict control system for China's provocations.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.909-918
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• 2018

Sports event is core product of sports business and the scale of sports event business is steadily increasing. For the successful operation of sports events, it is necessary to analyze the stackholder in stage according to the Function Area(FA) in the process of hosting / preparation / operation. This study is a study to define stakeholder by analyzing sports event process of sports events horizontally and vertically. This study consists of three categories : 1) investigation, 2) analysis and systematization of core processes, 3) analysis stakeholder. As a result of the analysis, the core stakeholders in the stage of hosting(bid) were analyzed as local organizations and committees including the promotion TF team, government organizations, domestic and foreign competition associations, national and international sports organizations (committees), and bid committees. Stakeholders in the stage of preparation / operation include stakeholders from organizational committees, various sports committees, international organizations and international organizations, governments and local governments, related companies and businesses, media, sponsors, donors or volunteers, athletes, teams and spectators.