• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

This study was aimed to design core areas applied by the global conservation criteria to promote the public awareness to the protected areas and the value cognition of the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), targeting the Mt Seorak, according to the designation of globally important biodiversity areas. As a method for carrying out this study, the biota were cataloged through literature reviews and field trips. With applied by the Global Red List criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), only nine species were categorized in the studied area; plants were classified into six species as follows: Megaleranthis saniculifolia ohwi, Bupleurum euphorbioides Nakai, Hanabusaya asiatica Nakai, Thuja koraiensis Nakai, Leontopodium leiolepis Nakai, Androsace cortusaefolia Nakai, fish was classified one species as follow: Pungitius sinensis Tanaka, and the mammal was classified as two species as follows: Hydropotes inermis, Naemorhedus caudatus. According to the occupation area (EoO, Extent of Occurrence) and Minimum Viable Population(MVP), the size of protected area was 234.56㎢ for plants, 235.07㎢ for mammals, and 0.14㎢ for fish, and the Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) of Mt. Seolak suggested as 286.72㎢.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.151-165
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• 1995

1. This paper suggests one educational model of National Parks. The model includes main themes such as (1) concepts, (2) waste types, and (3) conservation policies of National Parks for the application at the school environmental education classes. 2. The study describes the origin of the national park system and concepts or policies for the conservation of the parks with cases of Japan, Taiwan, Canada, Australia, Swiss, Russia, and International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources(IUCN). The main focuses of their concepts or policies are on the (1) public land, (2) conserved, (3) legally protected land, and (4) land for the education of the loving their country. 3. This research classifies wastes of parks as point, linear, areal, and cubic types, and explains wasting actions on each types, focused mainly on the mountainous national parks. 4. The suggested policies for the conserving national parks, in this paper, are (1) core-zoning policy, and (2) management policy within the core zone. 5. Some principles are suggested for the more effective realization of the policies: (1) enforcement, (2) abandonment,(3) restoration, (4) enlargement, (5) limitation, (6) incorporation, (7) monitoring, and (8) education. 6. Finally, the educational values of this model may be derived from concepts of (1) loving national land, (2) conservation of nature, (3) public responsibility for protection, and (4) education materials. Those concepts form the foundation of models for (1) civic education, (2) education of country, and (3) inquiry training.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.56-62
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• 2002

The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) considers the western/lowland bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus to be a threatened species, and the eastern/mountain bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci an endangered species［1］. Although extinction is considered by many biologists to be a natural process during evolution, the exponential growth of the human population has drastically and prematurely reduced the numbers and genetic diversity of many species［2］. Species have evolved to adapt to a specific habitat or environment that meet their survival needs. Alteration or destruction of their habitat results in a species becoming incapable of adapting and hence becoming threatened with extinction. A widespread scientific and public consensus has emerged suggesting that governments should assign high priority to the maintenance of biological diversity via habitat preservation and management far species conservation［3］. Unfortunately, the loss of biological diversity far surpasses the available conservation resources and species are lost forever on a daily basis［4］. Notwithstanding the focus on habitat preservation and wildlife management, conservation biologists have also become increasingly interested in using the technologies of reproductive and developmental biology to help manage or rescue endangered species［5］.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2018

This study was conducted on rare plants distributed in Chungnam area from April, 2012 to November, 2017. The rare plant populations that are emerging are: Utricularia pilosa, Jeffersonia dubia, Iris ruthenica, Tipularia japonica, Calanthe discolor, Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa, Ranunculus kazusensis, Berchemia racemosa, Pogonia minor and Glehnia littoralis. According to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), plant resources in the rare species category were one important type (CR), three hazardous species (EN) and six vulnerable species (VU). As a result of analyzing characteristics of ecological environment and threats, five types of habitat types, two aquatic areas, two types of flatland and coastal sand dune distribution types were analyzed. The decreasing tendency of the rare plant populations in the surveyed area is judged to be artificial disturbance and habitat destruction rather than climate or environmental change. Considering the characteristics of habitat, conservation measures should be prepared for each population.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.377-389
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• 2010

Understanding the factors relevant to endangerment and the patterns of habitat locations in relation to protected areas is critically important for the conservation of rare species. Although 64 plant species have recently been listed as endangered species in Korea, this information has, until now, not been available, making appropriate management and conservation strategies impossible to devise. Thus, we collected information on potentially threatening factors, as well as information on the locations in which these species were observed. The potentially threatening factors were classified into seven categories. National parks, provincial parks, ecosystem conservation areas, and wetland conservation areas were defined as protected conservation areas. Korean digital elevation model data, along with the maps of all protected areas were combined with the maps of endangered plant species, and analyzed via Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Excluding the category of "small population", endangered plant species in Korea were associated more frequently with extrinsic factors than intrinsic factors. Considering land surface only, all conservation areas in Korea totaled 4.9% of the land, far lower than International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)'s 10% coverage target. At the species level, 69% of the endangered plant species were detected in conservation areas, mostly in national parks. However, this result demonstrates that 31% of endangered species inhabit areas outside the conservation zones. Furthermore, at the habitat level, a large proportion of endangered species were found to reside in unprotected areas, revealing "gaps" in protected land. In the face of rapid environmental changes such as population increases, urbanization, and climate changes, converting these gap areas to endangered species' habitats, or at least including them in habitat networks, will help to perpetuate the existence of endangered species.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is correct the scientific name of Aquilariae Lignum in Korean Herbal Pharmacoepia. Methods : The production areas of Aquilariae Lignum and its trading status with China in Chinese history, Sanscrit-Chinese Translation Sutra, Naming year and the discovered district in main Aquilaria spp., Several nation's Pharmacoepia, The Plant List(TPL), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild fauna and flora(CITES) and The International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) were cross-checked. Results : The records in the Jiaozhouyiwuzhi written in the early 2nd century said that Aquilariae Lignum was produced in Vietnam. NanfangCaomuZhuang written in 304 said that Agarwood in Vietnam had white flowers. Vietnam had led production and trading of Aquilariae Lignum until Qing Dynasty. Aquilariae Lignum from Malaysia and Indonesia was not traded with China. In Sanscrit-Chinese Translation Sutra, India Aquilariae Lignum was translated as Vietnam Aquilariae Lignum. Aquilaria malaccensis was discovered from Malay-Peninsular in 1783, and has green or dirty yellow flowers. A. agallocha from North-Eastern India in 1814, white flowers. A. crasssna from Vietnam in 1914, white flowers. A. crassna is different from A. malaccensis in several ways, such as flower, fruit, seed and disribution. In several Nation's Pharmacoepia, A. crassna was a synonym of A. agallocha. But in TPL, CITES and IUCN, A. malaccensis was an accepted name, and A. agallocha was a synonym of A. malaccensis. Conclusions : These results show that the original species of Aquilariae Lignum in Korea Herbal Pharmacoepia should be reversed from A. agallocha to A. crassna Pierre ex Lacomte.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2022

Pteris griffithii Hook., one of the rarest fern species on the Indian subcontinent, is reported from Bhutan for the first time. The identity of this species was confirmed through morphological determination at the National Herbarium (THIM) of the National Biodiversity Centre (NBC) of Bhutan. It was found only in one location, in Gyelpozhing in eastern Bhutan, at an elevation of 521 m a.s.l. on 10 January 2016. Given that a very limited study of this species was conducted, the knowledge baseline with regard to its distribution is poor. It is also reported that this species has not been found for several years. The species is also considered to be very rare or critically endangered in some countries; however, there are no assessments on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List for this particular species. This paper attempts to provide baseline information considering its rarity and data deficiency. This species is also reported from the adjacent neighboring Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh as very rare, and also from Myanmar; however, confirmation of its presence in China is not clear at this time. Therefore, considering its data deficient status, we attempt to document it scientifically to create a knowledgebase pertaining to this particular species. Concurrently, this species merits further research to understand its distribution patterns in Bhutan and any related anthropogenic threats.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2024

Betta rubra, classified as endangered fish species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), has been successfully bred and raised in captivity for two generations under laboratory conditions. This study aimed to provide comprehensive information on the captive breeding of B. rubra, focusing on various parameters crucial for ex-situ conservation and domestication. The research involved breeding trials, embryo and larvae observation, first feeding experiments, larva and fry rearing trials, and the evaluation of growth and reproduction in two generations. The study revealed that the female B. rubra, with an average total length of 5.17 ± 0.15 cm and weight of 1.61 ± 0.06 g, produced an average of 73.67 ± 7.09 eggs, 34.33 ± 5.13 total larvae, and exhibited a hatching rate of 46.67 ± 5.77%. The embryogenesis process commenced on the day of spawning (dps) and continued until the eggs hatched at 6 dps. Larvae development and yolk absorption occurred from 0 to 6 days post-hatching (dph). The study also examined the impact of different initial feeding options, with chopped Tubifex resulting in the most significant in- crease (p < 0.05) in length. The growth pattern of B. rubra larvae showed slow initial growth during the first seven days, followed by a rapid exponential growth phase from day 8 to day 39. Two generations of B. rubra (G1 and G2) were successfully bred in captivity, with G2 showing a better tendency for growth in length and weight compared to G1. Notably, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in reproductive success between the wild-origin broodstock (G0), G1, or G2. This research contributes valuable insights into the captive breeding of B. rubra and its early life stages, offering critical information for the conservation and sustainable management of this endangered species. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of domestication on behavior, physiology, and phenotypic diversity.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2018

금강초롱꽃(Hanabusaya asiatica)은 한반도 중동부에서만 제한적으로 분포하는 고유종으로, 분포범위가 좁고 개체수가 적어 서식지를 세계자연보전연맹(IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature) 중요 생물다양성 보호지역(key biodiversity areas: KBAs)으로 지정하여 보호할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 maximum entropy(MaxEnt) 모형을 통해 남북한 접경지역 내 금강초롱꽃 자생가능지를 추정하고 이를 바탕으로 KBAs 후보지를 설정하였다. 기계학습(machine learning) 알고리즘의 하나인 MaxEnt 모형은 생물종의 출현지점만 기록한 데이터(presence-only data)로도 생물종 분포를 편향되지 않게 예측할 수 있는 생물종 분포 모형으로, 본 연구의 연구대상지처럼 현장 조사가 어려운 경우 유용한 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 현장 조사를 통해 수집한 38개 금강초롱꽃 출현 위치와 기후, 지형, 식생 등을 측정한 11개 환경변수를 이용하여 MaxEnt 모형을 학습하여 남북한 접경지역의 모든 지점에 대해 금강초롱꽃 출현확률을 추정하였다. MaxEnt 모형 분석 결과, 금강초롱꽃 출현확률이 0.5를 넘어 금강초롱꽃 분포가능지로 분류된 지역은 $778km^2$이었고, 추정된 서식가능지와 기지정된 보호지역 경계를 고려하여 설정한 최종 KBA 후보지는 $1,321km^2$이었다. 또한 11개 환경변수 중 표고와 연평균 강수량, 생장기 평균 강수량, 최한월 평균 기온이 금강초롱꽃 출현확률에 영향을 미쳐, 금강초롱꽃은 고도가 높은 서늘한 지역을 선호하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이와 같은 금강초롱꽃의 분포지 선호도 분석 결과는 KBA 후보지 설정 뿐 아니라 남북한 통일이나 기후변화와 같은 시나리오에 대비한 금강초롱꽃 보존 계획 수립의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2015

현재 IUCN의 취약 등급인 대왕바리(giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus) 친어의 효율적인 관리 시스템 구축을 위한 기반연구로서 기 개발되어 있는 동종의 microsatellite 마커를 이용한 가계도 분석 효율을 조사하였다. 대왕바리 친어 32마리를 8개의 microsatellite 마커로 분석한 결과 총 52개의 대립유전자가 검출되었으며, 기대치 이형접합율은 0.663, 근친교배계수는 0.011로 조사되어 현재 확보된 대왕바리 친어는 유전 다양성이 비교적 잘 유지되고 있었다. 하지만 유효집단 크기가 35로 추정됨으로써 지속적인 친어 확보의 필요성을 보였다. 해당 마커를 이용한 동일 유전자형 출현 확률은 무작위 집단에서 $6.85{\times}10^{-11}$ 그리고 한쪽 부모의 유전자형 확보 및 양친의 유전자형이 확보된 상태에서의 부권 부정률은 각각 0.00835, 0.00027로 나타났으며, 주좌표 분석 결과 친어의 유전자형은 중복되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에 이용한 8개의 microsatellite 마커로도 유전자형 데이터베이스를 기반으로 한 대왕바리 친어 관리 시스템 구축이 가능할 것이며, 이를 활용한 유전 다양성이 높은 자손 생산 및 유전적으로 유사한 개체의 중복 확보를 방지할 수 있어 친어 확보의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것이다.