• 무역학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2019

Vietnam's economic growth has progressed rapidly since Doi Moi. Vietnam is a key driving force for global economic growth on behalf of China. Therefore, this study analyzed the factors of Vietnam's economic growth by using time series variables after Doi Moi. Study results show that educational expenditures affect ODA in the short term. In the long run, GDP and FDI are causally related to ODA. Based on the above findings, it can be seen that FDI and ODA played a significant role in Vietnam's economic growth. This finding suggests that in order for Vietnam's economy to grow further, the capital market should be more open to foreigners so that FDI and ODA can flow more smoothly. Since the inflow of FDI is also linked to educational expenditure, it is important to understand that the workforce is being upgraded in the Vietnamese labor market.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.3-21
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• 2016

본 연구는 SWIFTNet TSU 선행연구의 고찰과 함께 지원업무의 내용을 살펴본 후, 이를 토대로 전자무역에 활용하기 위한 전략점 시사점을 분석하였으며 그 결과 얻어진 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, SWIFTNet TSU BPO의 거래를 개시할 때에 은행과 수입업자가 교환한 거래약정서에서 은행의 채권보전에 관한 규정을 설정하는 조치가 필요하다. 아울러 송금방식의 결제보다 비용은 더 들어가지만 SWIFTNet TSU BPO는 수출자에게 자금공여를 해주는 장점을 가지므로 수입자의 입장에서는 수출자와 매매계약을 할 때 제품 가격 인하의 주도권을 확보할 수 있다고 보았다. 둘째, SWIFTNet TSU BPO도 단일화된 공유기반의 플랫폼을 구축함으로써 보안성과 안정성 및 편리성을 갖추어야 한다. 이를 위하여 은행은 업무처리에 대한 서비스를 제공하기 위한 새로운 시스템을 구축할 필요가 있다. 나아가 SWIFTNet TSU BPO가 완전한 글로벌 시스템으로 완성되기 위해서 전세계의 무역거래자들이 만족할 수 있는 획기적인 결제 솔루션으로 거듭나야 하며 전자무역 결제시스템을 위한 기술적 표준화가 선결되어야 한다. 셋째, SWIFTNet TSU BPO를 은행결제와 다른 부가가치의 무역서비스 기능과 융합시키며 신속성, 외환결제 리스크 경감, 편리성, 비용절약 측면에서 우위성을 갖고 있으므로 여러 국가에서 더욱 편리하게 사용할 수 있도록 은행과 수출입업자, SWIFT의 협력 강화가 이루어져야 한다. 넷째, 무역유관기관들은 빠른 시일안에 은행지급확약통일규칙(URBPO)에 관한 지식의 습득이 요구되며 제도적으로 신속하게 확산될 수 있도록 글로벌 차원의 노력이 필요하다. 이와 함께 참여은행들에게는 거래 수수료에 대한 충분한 보상도 이루어져야 한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제40권
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• pp.147-167
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• 2008

This paper investigates changing business transaction under the e-commerce environment and their implications on freight transport industry with some case studies. It shows that an efficient and reliable delivery system is essential for e-commerce as business industries are faced with the stricter and more diversified demands of customer. In addition, many aspects of business practices such as small batch, customized production and just-in-time distribution in the e-commerce environment, in turn, bring about a number of changes in the volume and service patterns of freight transport. E-commerce requires longer transport distances and often higher delivery frequencies. It also entails to a certain extent a modal shift towards truck and air freight transport modes. On the one hand, the logistical requirements of e-commerce goods may stimulate greater complexity in existing supply chain management, causing higher costs. However it is true that the increased visibility of goods through more efficient information flow allows more efficient and effective transport management in the logistics system.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.578-586
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• 2009

Recently, horn-type rudders are generally being used at high speed container ships and are frequently suffering from the cavitation occurs on the rudder surface in the vicinity of the gap between the horn and rudder plate. In the present study, a fluid supplying device is employed as to decrease the gap cavitation of the horn-type rudder. The device is devised to inject the water against the pressure side through the nozzle installed inside of the gap to control the gap flow. Numerical calculations are performed to investigate the effectiveness of the device and the results show that the device can noticeably reduce the gap cavitation. The rates of water injection for achievement of the maximum retardations of gap flow are also sought.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.761-769
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• 2007

The configuration of the flow channel on a bipolar plate of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) for efficient reactant supply has great influence on the performance of the fuel cell. Recent demand for higher energy density fuel cells requires an increase in current density at mid voltage range and a decrease in concentration overvoltage at high current density. Therefore, an interdigitated flow channel where mass transfer rate by convection through a gas diffusion layer is greater than the mass transfer by a diffusion mechanism through a gas diffusion layer was recently proposed. This study attempts to analyze the i-V performance, mass transfer and pressure drop in interdigitated flow channels by developing a fully three dimensional simulation model for PEMFC that can deal with anode and cathode flow together. The results indicate that the trade off between performance and pressure loss should be considered for efficient design of flow channels. Although the performance of the fuel cell with interdigitated flow is better than that with conventional flow channels due to a strong mass transfer rate by convection across a gas diffusion layer, there is also an increase in friction due to the strong convection through the porous diffusion layer accompanied by a larger pressure drop along the flow channel. It was evident that the proper selection of the ratio of channel and rib width under counter flow conditions in the fuel cell with interdigitated flow are necessary to optimize the interdigitated flow field design.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2008

Nowadays the flow of international trade is that there seems to appear economic block significantly because most countries contract FTAs, so our market condition is changing to a severe competitive situation. Korea which has 70% of foreign dependence of trade must get involved in regionalism, and also actively promote FTA more than any other countries. FTA on February in 2006, the pharmaceutical industry are anxious. The pharmaceutical industry in Korea has recently come to a crisis that it is hard to expect a growth due to structure of profit and a change for the worse of management. If Korea-U.S. FTA are contracted in this kind of situation, domestic pharmaceutical companies will be at stake. We can anticipate that FTA with the country that has a strong competitive power like U.S. affect negatively on pharmaceutical industry, because the industry doesn't have enough self-competitiveness. Considering this kind of surroundings, we need to present the policy to enhance competitiveness for damage limitation on pharmaceutical industry by Korea-U.S. FTA. Under this background, this research has groped for a direction to strengthen the competitiveness to develop pharmaceutical industry in quality. The competitive enhancement plan is presented which is divided into the government policy part, the R&D part, and the management part. Although Korea-U.S. FTA is analyzed to wither the pharmaceutical industry, it would be thought that it is a good chance to upgrade domestic pharmaceutical industry if we make the best use of it, and also to make in roads into foreign market.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.751-766
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• 2011

본 연구는 평택 당진항을 대상으로 화물수송량에 의한 밀집도로 항세권의 계층성을 파악하고, 항만의 수출입량 증대를 위한 활성화방안을 알아보고자 한다. 중국과의 무역증대를 예상하여 건설된 평택 당진항은 자동차, 천연가스를 주축으로 수출입하는 항구로서의 기능이 더욱 강화되어 배후지와 지향지의 항세권은 확대되고 있으나 여전히 반경 70km의 핵심권에서 무역량이 많아 전국적인 항만으로 나아가는 데는 항로의 다변화와 더불어 여러 지역의 화주와 운송업자 및 선사로부터 인정받는 항만의 활성화 정책이 실행되어야 국제적 중심 항으로서의 위상과 기능이 제고될 것이다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of donor's fiscal status on aid decisions before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. The effects on aid can change depending on the donor country's fiscal status and the period of financial crisis. Research design, data, and methodology - A fixed effect regression and dynamic panel GMM is conducted using a comprehensive dataset combining 31 donor and 167 recipient countries during 1996-2015. The key explanatory variable is central government debt-to-GDP ratio of donor country. Recipient countries' GNI per capita, population, governance indicators, and bilateral trade-to-GDP ratio between donor and recipient countries are included as control variables. Results - We can confirm the relationship between donor country's fiscal status and aid flow. The cyclical component of government debt is found to have a negative impact on grant decisions particularly after the 2008 global financial crisis. This effect becomes larger in the countries with high government debt-to-GDP ratio. ODA decisions from the countries with low financial constraint do not significantly affected by the recipient countries' factors such as GNI, population, and governance indicator. Conclusions - Based on the empirical results of this study, the source of aid should be diversified by incorporating private sector and innovative financing sources.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.43-78
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• 2022

The arena of strategic competition between the US and China is expandable from international politics, trade and commerce to finance. What would happen if financial sanctions against China are imposed by the US? Would US financial sanctions lead to a sudden outflow of foreign capital and a liquidity crisis in China? We try to address these questions by estimating China's capital flows-at-risk with the CDS premium on Chinese sovereign funds. We follow Gelos et al. (2019) in setting up a quantile regression model from which China's foreign capital flow-at-risks are estimated. Based on our analysis of China's monthly capital flow data, we find that a rise in the CDS premium has statistically significant negative impacts on China's foreign capital flows-at-risk, mainly in banking flows. However, the analysis also found that due to favorable global conditions, an increase in the CDS premium is unlikely to trigger a shift to a sudden outflow of foreign capital at the moment. Meanwhile, this study found no statistically significant correlation between Korea's capital flows-at-risk and the CDS premium, suggesting that the negative impact of US financial sanctions on China would not increase the probability of capital flight from Korea in a significant manner.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1993

기계적 합금화 방법으로 제조된 A-8wt%Fe합금분말의 진공고온 소결거동을 분석하였고 이 소결체의 고온변형거동을 연구하기 위하여 35$0^{\circ}C$-45$0^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서 여러 변형률속도로 압축 시험을 수행하였다. 또한 이 소결체의 열적안정성을 조사하기 위하여 30$0^{\circ}C$-50$0^{\circ}C$온도 범위에서 각각 60시간 동안 열처리한 후 경도시험을 수행하였다. 압축응력은 변형률이 증가함에 따라 급격히 증가하여 변형률 약 3%에서 최대응력에 이르렀으며, 최대응력 이후 다소 연화현상을 보인 후 유동응력은 가공경화돠 동적 재결정의 평형률 30%까지 일정하였다. 또한 60시간 열처리에 따른 소결시편의 경도는 40$0^{\circ}C$에서 부터 급격히 감소하였다.