• 무역학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2019

This paper determines if mandated alcohol health information labelling could be an obstacle to international trade by discussing international trade rules affecting member nations. WTO members could use alcohol labelling rules to protect human health, reduce the consumption of alcohol and provide product information. When a member uses alcohol labelling as a technical regulation or standard, it should comply with TBT Articles 2.2 and 2.4. If a member uses some specific warning messages for their objectives, it should be considered the contribution of the measure, trade restrictiveness, and alternatives. If WTO members want to employ their own alcohol labelling schemes for addressing carcinogenicity, intoxicating effects, dependence potential, effects on children, adolescents and pregnancy, it could be a technical barrier and also create adverse effects on international trade. Therefore, the harms of alcohol are supported by scientific evidence, and for this reason, the international harmonization for alcohol labelling should be discussed openly to prevent negative effects on trade.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.323-341
• /
• 2007

International trade conflict has been increased since WTO has appeared. Like this, the cause that the number of international trade conflict has been increased is by means of enlargement of agreements range. But some new facts have been added. They are Anti-dumping, subsidy, Countervailing duty, Safeguard, the norm of intellectual property right, the procedure of permitting importing products, Technical Barriers, agricultural products, and the area of textile. Since Japanese government has decided to give lavor import quarters to China without permission of Korea, Korean government formally presented the system of lavor import quarter to WTO DSB due to WTO agreement disobedience of Japan. Accordingly, this paper has the following purpose; to analyze situation on fiber dispute of Japan. Some methods about trade barrier against Japan need to be solved from another viewpoint owing to lavor IQ dispute.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.411-432
• /
• 2008

This study presents the pattern and determinants of intra-industry trade in Korea's machinery and transport equipment industry focusing the influence of foreign direct investment on intra-industry trade. Using an OLS regression model the determinants of intra-industry trade are investigated. Results indicate that a statistically significant negative relationship is found between intra-industry trade and foreign direct investment, and show that intra-industry trade is positively affected by the degree of product differentiation and export structure similarity. Intra-industry trade is also positively associated with the economies of scale, the level of trade barrier, and transportation costs, although this is not statistically significant. The study found strong evidence that the propensity of foreign direct investment toward export specialized industry makes the negative relationship between intra-industry trade and foreign direct investment.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.185-211
• /
• 2004

It is a common and prevailing Construction that recent environmental problems such as earth's warmer climate and depletion of ozone layers can never be solved by the efforts of any one nation. That is why the international conventions have been held more often lately in order to discuss the matter of environment protection and there has been increased tendency of using economic activities of any nation especially their international trades as means for achieving the purpose of environment protection. Furthermore, there is an ample possibility for the advanced countries to use the regulatory restrictions for environment protection as an another measure of none-tariff barrier against countries including Korea which has high dependence on international trade with not very high technological capability of environment protection. Some of the developed countries have recently moved toward the creation of a new system of international regulatory measures on world trade in the name of Environment Protection. They Plan to impose strict control over the process and technology of production of good they are importing from other country. However, ever though the international regulatory measures, in a short term, could play a negative role on our trade capability, they could, in the long run, also play a role of helping hands if we usefully work out positive countermeasures as a result of hand-working government supported by industry and all the society as a whole.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.183-211
• /
• 2017

최근 친환경적 요소가 중요해지면서 전통적인 무역구조에서 친환경적 무역구조로 그 패러다임이 변화하고 있다. 이와 동시에 환경과 연계한 국제무역환경규제가 점점 증가하면서 환경규제가 새로운 무역장벽으로 부상하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국제무역 환경규제를 파악함으로서 이것이 기업의 Green SCM 활용에 영향을 미치는지에 여부에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 특히 과거의 전통적인 무역구조에서 최근의 친환경적 무역구조로의 변화 패러다임의 흐름을 바탕으로 하여 본 연구를 진행하였기에, 현존하는 수출 기업들에게 앞으로 친환경적 무역구조에 발맞추기 위해서 무엇을 중점적으로 시행하면 되는지에 대한 관점을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 하여 도출되는 시사점을 제시하였다. 첫째, 국제무역환경규제가 높을수록 Green SCM 활용 중 녹색구매와 역물류 네트워크 활용정도가 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 국제무역환경규제가 높을수록 공급업체와의 파트너십 정도는 약화되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.126-142
• /
• 2021

Purpose - This study discusses the effects of human capital in the formation of GVC linkages. We also investigate GVC intensity between Korea and ASEAN. Design/methodology - To solve the doubling-counting problem in evaluating comparative advantage, RCA has been re-computed using domestic value-added (henceforth RCA_VA) at the country-sector level instead of value of trade. The impact of human capital on GVC intensity was empirically analyzed by establishing a panel data set with four industries (ISIC Rev. 4) in eight ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2015 from OECD-TiVA and WDI. Findings - The empirical results show that human capital has a negative effect on GVC intensity in the agriculture and manufacture industries, while it has a positive effect in the service and information industries. The results do not mean that low human capital is a barrier and inefficient to GVC linkages. Low Value-added activities may be more profitable to some emerging countries. These findings suggest that it is important to accurately identify the competitive elements to increase gains from trade under the GVC. Also, it shows that comparative advantages can be misled by an RCA index evaluated in trade volume under the GVC. Originality/value - This study highlights the importance of human capital as a factor for the efficient formation of Global Value Chain (GVC). This study has different from the literature in analyzing the role of human capital in formation of linkage of the GVC. And we clarify the changing patterns of trade by removing the double-counting problem under the GVC.

• 국제지역연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.469-493
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 한국과 중국간 기술무역장벽(TBT)의 경제적 효과를 국제투입산출분석법(IIO)을 이용하여 추정한다. WTO 출범과 FTA 확산으로 관세나 수량할당 등의 관세 혹은 비관세 장벽은 크게 감축 내지 철폐되고 있으나 대표적인 비관세 장벽 중의 하나인 기술무역장벽(TBT)의 영향력은 오히려 강화되는 추세에 있다. 그 결과 각국의 정부 및 학계의 TBT에 대한 관심도 증대되고 있으며, 해외에서는 TBT의 경제적 효과를 수량적으로 분석하려는 실증 연구들이 꾸준히 시도되고 있다. 그러나 국내적으로는 TBT 관련 연구가 TBT의 개념 및 동향, 관련 제도 및 정책 등에 대한 문헌 고찰 수준에 머물고 있어 TBT의 경제적 효과에 관한 정량적 분석은 거의 제시되지 못하고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 우리나라와 지리적으로 가깝고 또한 교역량이 급증하고 있는 중국을 대상으로 양국간 TBT의 경제적 효과를 생산과 고용의 측면에서 정량적으로 추정하였다. 분석에 사용된 기초자료로는 하태정 외(2010)의 예비연구에서 추정한 산업별 TBT와 IDE-JETRO에서 발간한 아시아국제투입산출표(AIIO)를 이용하였다. 추정결과는 생산에서 최대 363억 달러의 생산유발과 고용에서 최대 181만 명의 고용유발이 예상되었다. 그러나 양국간 산업 및 지리적 연관관계는 높지 않았으며 중간재의 투입률과 배분율에서 중국의 산업들은 전반적으로 한국의 산업들보다 높고 대외의존성은 상대적으로 한국이 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.171-188
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This is an exploratory study that aims to apply text mining techniques, which computationally extracts words from the large-scale text data, to legal documents to quantify trade claim contents and enables statistical analysis. Design/methodology - This is designed to verify the validity of the application of text mining techniques as a quantitative methodology for trade claim studies, that have relied mainly on a qualitative approach. The subjects are 81 cases of arbitration and court judgments from China published on the website of the UNCITRAL where the CISG was applied. Validation is performed by comparing the manually analyzed result with the automatically analyzed result. The manual analysis result is the cluster analysis wherein the researcher reads and codes the case. The automatic analysis result is an analysis applying text mining techniques to the result of the cluster analysis. Topic modeling and semantic network analysis are applied for the statistical approach. Findings - Results show that the results of cluster analysis and text mining results are consistent with each other and the internal validity is confirmed. And the degree centrality of words that play a key role in the topic is high as the between centrality of words that are useful for grasping the topic and the eigenvector centrality of the important words in the topic is high. This indicates that text mining techniques can be applied to research on content analysis of trade claims for statistical analysis. Originality/value - Firstly, the validity of the text mining technique in the study of trade claim cases is confirmed. Prior studies on trade claims have relied on traditional approach. Secondly, this study has an originality in that it is an attempt to quantitatively study the trade claim cases, whereas prior trade claim cases were mainly studied via qualitative methods. Lastly, this study shows that the use of the text mining can lower the barrier for acquiring information from a large amount of digitalized text.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.101-115
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of packing regulations as a technical standard barrier on export trade. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed cases related to packing in major countries such as US, EU and so on. It is also show the example of export volume changed based on PRTS. Findings - First, the role of packaging and the reason why countries issued relevant packaging provisions were introduced. Then, the impacts of PRTS on export trade were expounded. And next, we focused on investigating some PRTS related cases in export trade and gave an example of export volume changed based on PRTS. Finally, we produced implications for business leaders to aware of the importance of PRTS in export. Research implications or Originality - This study provide PRTS information to traders. Trade pratitioners can respond to PRTS related regulations, actively develop PRTS technology, and take relavant to deal with PRTS barriers to eliminate or weaken the adverse effects of PRTS on export trade.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2001

국가간 무역거래가 활발해 지면서 통일된 국제규격의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 따라 세계무역기구(World Trade Organization, WTO)와 APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)에서는 각국의 무역에서 기술장벽에 관한 협정(Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, TBT협정)과 무역투자위원회(CTI)회의를 통해 점진적으로 국가표준을 국제표준에 부합시키도록 결의하였다. 또한, ISO(International Organization for Standardization)에서도 ISO/IEC Guide 21을 작성하여 국제규격을 국가규격으로 채택하도록 지침을 마련하였다. 이러한 대외 환경의 변화에 따라 국내에서도 건설시장 개방에 따른 건설분야의 표준 정비와 함께 국제규격과의 부합화에 대한 대비가 필요하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국산업규격의 토건부문(KS F)규격 중 콘크리트 시료채취와 시험방법에 대한 규격을 ISO/IEC Guide 21과 통상산업부 부합화 지침서를 기준으로 대응규격인 ISO건설 분야 규격의 구성체계와 내용에 대해서 상호 대비하고, 이에 따른 문제점 도출 및 대안을 제시함으로써 국내 건설분야 표준규격의 부합화 방향을 설정하고자 한다.