• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.35-53
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• 2010

In connection with a non-cash payment through the banking system, "finality of payment" has acquired diverse meanings. In according to Section 4A-209(2), the acceptance by the beneficiary's bank by means of receiving payment "pursuant to section 4A-403(a)(1) or 4A-403(a)(2)," constitutes final settlement through a Federal Reserve Bank or through a funds-transfer system" or credit to the account of the beneficiary's bank. Above of all, Acceptance by beneficiary's bank is the most important. According to 4A-209(b), the beneficiary's bank can accept a payment order in one of four ways : First, by paying the beneficiary; obligating itself to pay the beneficiary or, Second, by notifying the beneficiary of receipt of the order or notifying the beneficiary that its account was credited or, Thirdly, by receiving full payment from the sender's order or Lastly, by passage of time, i.e., the opening of the next funds transfer business day of the bank following the payment date of the order. A beneficiary's bank is considered to have accepted a payment order when the earliest of the four means of acceptance occurs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.245-267
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• 2016

ARMA International has been leading education and publication in records and information management industry worldwide. This study aimed to trace issues and trends in international records and information management field through analysing the articles brought up in Information Management, which is ARMA International's official magazine. Further analysis was also conducted on noticeable subjects from the magazine in order to realize where we currently are. Scanning the contents of Information Management would definitely provide with implications and suggestions to Korean private companies as well as records management communities.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.395-418
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• 2009

Appeared in the 1970s he started the global warming problem of carbon reduction, unlike the expected withdrawal of the United States was anticipated to be nominal stripping. However, EU mainly carbon market, buy and sell rights to be disposed of evolution was born. In fact, the current reduction of the Kyoto Protocol, and Korea will be designated as the bureau had been scheduled. However, due to economic recession in Korea's status as exempt countries have enjoyed a considerable period. Global warming is a problem in earnest, however, the United States to participate in one or more such discussions since 2013, clearly this will begin the international order. And international order that is more stringent than expected, and is expected to be strong. Then, however, an interesting thing to justify protection of the environment in some countries to protect domestic industry, the movement is visible is the side. In fact the WTO since the conclusion of all non-tariff trade barriers were abolished. However, recently, New Round of the delay based on reciprocity and fair trade in the framework of environmental protection to justify the movement to protect the domestic industry has been captured. These trends are not friendly, never in Korea. The rationale is that these regulations are enforced, many of our countries and countries with significant trade transactions and the enforcement points. And South Korea's automotive, semiconductors, ships, etc. The main products are much discussed in the international regulations are being referred to as the target point is due. Korean government to actively participate in the international situation and efforts to explore new markets, said yesterday, and 'Low Carbon, Green Growth' was declared. And the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) recommendations of the best 30% reduction target was present. This is nothing different about this objection is true. A more fundamental solution to faithfully perform the reduction targets, while the development of environmentally friendly products and the incidence of international standards through the development and expansion of new growth engines, Indeed we are expected to be a fundamental methodology.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.177-196
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• 2001

The advancement of information technology provides a wide range of options for the corporate to cope with new business environments. As with most other businesses, the utilization of the logistics information technology can be an instrument to enhance the competitiveness of the company. Therefore it is essential to analyze how companies utilize and verify the relationship between company business performance and the level of information technology utilization, which is the objective of this paper. The questionnaire was sent to 300 companies listed on the stock market at random The author received 176 responses of which 142 were complete and valid. According to the analysis of questionnaires, the adoption level of information technologies was dependent on the perception of top managers on the importance of information technology in business competitiveness. Furthermore the level of relation between the information technology adoption and business performance was significant. Therefore businesses need to increase the utilization of information technologies, such as establishment of logistics information system, network with other business partners in order to business logistics performance.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.94-101
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• 2022

For the purpose of this study, in order to adapt to the era of intelligent informatization in the 4th Industrial Revolution, we propose an information processing and analysis technology education plan that can solve problems through information search and collection. To this end, first, we explored the necessity and content of information processing and analysis technology in hyperconnection, hyperintelligence, and hyperconvergence under the theme of various majors in IT, focusing on understanding information technology in the software and hardware curriculum. Second, the curriculum improvement plan was proposed based on information literacy, computing thinking skills, and cooperative problem-solving skills for efficient software and hardware-linked curriculum operation based on information processing and analysis technology. Third, I would like to emphasize that it is essential to secure connectivity between other studies for future innovation in new technologies related to computer technology, machine technology, and infrastructure technology through hyperconnection, hyperintelligence, and hyperconvergence in the software and hardware curriculum. Through this, we intend to cultivate creative convergence talent required by the future society.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2022

The main objective of an Information Retrieval System (IRS) is to obtain suitable information within a reasonable time to satisfy a user need. To achieve this purpose, an IRS should have a good indexing system that is based on natural language processing.In this context, we focus on the available Arabic language processing techniques for an IRS with the goal of contributing to an improvement in the performance. Our contribution consists of integrating morphological analysis into an IRS in order to compare the impact of morphological analysis with that of stemming algorithms.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.18-20
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• 2013

The significance, is to introduce a novel way to employ the improved Runge-Kutta fifth order five stage method, here after called as Modified IRK(5,5) method, for system of second order robot arm problem and variations in angles at the joints in which parameters governing with two degrees of freedom which requires lesser number of function evaluations per time step as compared to the existing ones, in order to save time and spaceAn ultimate aim of this present paper is to solve application problem such as robot arm and initial value problems by applying Runge-Kutta fifth order five stage numerical techniques. The calculated output for robot arm coincides with exact solution which is found to be better, suitable and feasible for solving real time problems.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.437-458
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• 2008

In these days the global software market is experiencing diastrophism due to globalization, convergence, and the spread of web 2.0. In particular, today"s global economy has entered the so-called "Globalization 3.0" era, and the world is evolving into a flat world where labor, capital, and resources are moving freely. In this rapidly changing global economy, the growth of the Korean economy is in a state of continuous decline. Particularly software industry is also suffering continuously slow growth due to market saturation and low service earning, which require urgent countermeasures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is: 1) to analyze the current industrial condition of the software industry, which have special characteristics differ from manufacturing industry; and 2) to analyze the major obstacles of local companies working in the software industry in order to cope with the recent changes in the global market environment and 3) to draw out the strategy for the domestic software industry in gangwon province in order to promote local software industry and to achieve globalization.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.255-271
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• 2007

It is widely acknowledged that Chinese economy becomes a center of world economy and takes up a considerable portion of the trade in Northeastern Asia. Due to the investment and the logistics modernization strategy of Chinese government, recognizing the importance of logistics, the competitiveness of Chinese major ports is tending upward rapidly. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the competitiveness of Chinese major ports in order to develop the logistics strategy of Korea by cooperating or competing with Chinese ports. In this study, we analyzed the competitiveness of 10 major Chinese ports with Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). Through the analysis, we could investigate the efficiency of 10 major Chinese ports and figure out the trend of the efficiency within recent 10 years. In order for Korea to achieve the national strategic goal, becoming a logistics hub in East Asia, it is obvious to understand the competitiveness of Chinese major ports which are major competitor and strategic partner at the same time. This study will be useful to understand the competitiveness of Chinese ports and to develop a logistics hub strategy of Korea.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.312-320
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• 2021

Increase in computational cost and exhaustive search can lead to more complexity and computational energy. Thus, there is need for effective and efficient scheme to reduce the complexity to achieve optimal energy utilization. This will improve the energy efficiency and enhance the proficiency in terms of the resources needed to achieve convergence. This paper primarily focuses on the development of hybrid swarm intelligence scheme for reducing the computational complexity in binary optimization. In order to reduce the complexity, both artificial bee colony (ABC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) have been employed to effectively minimize the exhaustive search and increase convergence. First, a new approach using ABC and PSO has been proposed and developed to solve the binary optimization problem. Second, the scout for good quality food sources is accomplished through the deployment of PSO in order to optimally search and explore the best source. Extensive experimental simulations conducted have demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the ABC approaches for reducing complexity and energy consumption in terms of convergence, search and error minimization performance measures.