• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.991-997
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• 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to muscle properties analysis of SCM(sternocleidomastoid) Muscle according to posture type when using smartphone. Methods. This study was conducted on 73 college students who are using smartphone. Subjects were analyzed myotonPRO to confirm, prone posture group, stand posture group, drop head above $45^{\circ}$in sit posture on a chair group and drop head below $45^{\circ}$in sit posture on a chair group were measured SCM muscle. The myotonPRO were measured one measurer, total 3 times. Comparative analysis of the each groups were investigated of SCM muscle properties. Results. We found that Frequency, Stiffness, Creep and Relaxation were appeared difference in each posture. F index was increased at drop head below $45^{\circ}$group than stand posture group. S index was increased at drop head above $45^{\circ}$group than prone posture group. C index was decreased at drop head below $45^{\circ}$group and drop head above $45^{\circ}$group than prone posture group. R index was decreased at drop head above $45^{\circ}$group than prone posture group. Conclusions. The muscle properties were appeared difference in each posture of SCM muscle using smartphone.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.634-643
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• 2016

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to progress the effect of gastrocnemius strength when groups are applicated on low-dye taping group and without taping group of flatfoot with arch-recovery exercise. Methods. Subjects were measured navicular drop test to confirm of 16 university student in J city, low-dye taping group and without taping group were applicated both with arch-recovery exercise, three times per a week for four weeks. The power track were measured four weeks, total 3 times. Comparative analysis of the control group and experimental group were investigated of gastrocnemius strength. Results. The results, we found that after of arch-recovery exercise were significantly increased than before of arch-recovery exercise in each foot. And application of low-dye taping(experimental group) in flatfoot with arch-recovery exercise were significantly increased than control group. Conclusions. In conclusion, the arch-recovery exercise application were effective to low-dye taping significantly increase the gastrocnemius strength of flatfoot.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.370-377
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• 2012

This study examines the effects of different environments on the application of hemiplegia patients circuit balance training. Group 1 performed circuit balance training without any auditory intervention Group 2 performed training in noiseless environments and Group 3 performed training in white noise environments. First, among lower extremity muscular strength evaluation items, maximum activity time(MAT) was not significantly different(p>.05). Maximum muscle strength(MMS) increased significantly in Group 3(p<.01), there was no significant difference in MMS among the groups. Average muscle strength(AMS) indexes also significantly increased in Group 3(p<.01), there was no significant difference in AMS among the groups. Second, among balancing ability evaluation items, Berg's balance scale(BBS) scores significantly increased in all groups(p<.05), BBS scores were significantly difference among the groups. Based on the results, Group 1, 2 and Group 1, 3 showed significant increases (p<.05). Functional reach test(FRT) values significantly increased in Group 2, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in FRT values among the groups. Timed up and go(TUG) test values significantly decreased in Group 2, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in TUG test values among the groups. Third, among walking speed evaluation items, the time required to walk 10m significantly decreased in all groups(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in the values among the groups. Average walking speeds showed significant increases in Group 1, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in the values among the groups. Based on the results of this study, noise environments should be improved by either considering auditory interventions and noiseless environments, or by ensuring that white noise environments facilitate the enhancement of balancing ability.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

Purpose - In a global economy, marketers are required to understand service quality from an international consumer viewpoint. Despite the increased need for cross-cultural research, few studies have developed service quality research international in scope. The present research aims to shed light on variations in airline service quality among international consumers. Research design, data, and methodology - Conducting crosscultural research, this study compares airline service quality variations, investigating an international consumer group and a Korean consumer group. T-test and factor analyses are applied to examine mean scores and factor structure of the airline service dimensions. Results - The results indicate there are significant differences in mean comparisons between the groups. The international consumers indicate significantly higher service perception scores than the Koreans. Further, we find that the factor structure of airline service quality diverges between the groups. The international group considers airline service quality in four dimensions, while Koreans consider it in two. Conclusions - The study sheds new light on international service variations and suggests that the field of airline service quality may differ by nations and/or cultures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.641-652
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• 2012

This study took the conceptual framework of acculturation styles into the empirical investigation of international students in Korea. This research identifies the differences in acculturation styles, the characteristics of each segment, the effect of acculturation styles on clothing involvement (clothing involvement and risk probability), and the effect of cultural orientation values (individualism and collectivism) as covariates. The participants were international students attending a university located in Seoul. Data from 153 international students were used for statistical analysis. Respondents were grouped into four acculturation styles (integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization). The assimilation group had the highest mean score of clothing interest. Cultural orientation values showed a significant covariate effect. With individualism as covariates, the main effect of acculturation styles on clothing interest was significant. In clothing product evaluation criteria, the integration group regarded design, fit and trend as most important. The marginalization group showed a mean score that was significantly lower in brand preference and satisfaction; however, the assimilation group had a mean score that was significantly higher.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.94-103
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• 2009

In relation to a certification system recently, it is coming out complains about make a rule of thumb certification, problems of after-service and duplication with government certifications. Also there is confusion in operating certification system to lack of properly rule to international standard. These impose a heavy burden on company in terms of times and costs and enhance competitiveness. Nevertheless, the survey was not built yet for the status and problems of the cooperation group standards certification System. So, this study purposes that research on the actual condition and development of operational guide for cooperation group standards certification system. In addition it ultimately improve the certification system for reliability and international competitive power. For more detail on this study, it would be considered conformity assessment, domestic/international conformity assessment and certification criteria. Also comparing survey result on the actual condition with international standards, develop operational guidelines to meet international standards.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.81-83
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• 2002

Group signature schemes allow a group member to sign a document on behalf of the group anonymously. In addition, in case of anonymity misuse, a group authority can recover the issuer of a signature. In this paper, we analyze the security of a group signature scheme proposed by Popescu which is a modification of the Tseng-Jan group signature scheme. We show that the scheme can't provide an important requirement of the group signature, unlikability. Thus, other members are allowed to identify whether two signatures have been issued by the same group member or not.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1521-1527
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• 2018

The original focus of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of lumbar rotational mobilization on the one-legged standing ability. Fifteen subjects (6 men and 9 women, mean age = 22.77 (SD = 1.21), mean height = 165.46cm (SD = 11.65), mean weight = 61.46kg (SD = 8.29) volunteers from healthy individuals were recruited and randomized to a lumbar rotational mobilization (LRM) group and a trunk rotational exercise (TRE) group. Mobilization (grade 3 or 4) was applied to the LRM group on the lumbar spine (L1 to L5) in a side-lying, and trunk twist exercise (left and right side) was applied the to the TRE group with lunge position. Center of pressure (COP) and the velocity of the center of pressure (VCOP) of each participant were measured as a balance ability through one leg standing position. Results are as follows. In within-group difference, the COP of the LRM group reduced during standing with the right foot, but the VCOP change of the LRM was not statistically significant. In between-groups difference, COP of TRE group was decreased compared with LRM group only during left leg standing in the eyes (p <.05). The results of this study suggest that LRM is more effective than TRE in improving balance ability.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2023

Psychological support is crucial in navigating one's academic and professional lives, especially for students living abroad and pursuing higher education. This study aims to explore the narratives of social support seeking in a group of Korean international graduate students in an urban university setting in the United States. Qualitative research method of narrative approach was used to examine how three Korean graduate students exchanged psychological support. Analysis of interviews, observations, and documents found that four types of social support (informational, instrumental, appraisal, and emotional) were being exchanged and that emotional support was accessible predominantly in individual meetings than in group gatherings. Additionally, the reasons for abstaining from initiating group gatherings are discussed in relation to the Korean culture where participants were mindful of not infringing on each other's time. These findings inform theory on socio psychological support seeking and its relation to cultural values and offer practical insights into psychological support in international students in higher education settings.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.8
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• 2018

Objectives: To determine the effect of root canal irrigants on the hydrophobicity and adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) to root canal dentin in vitro. Materials and Methods: Root dentin blocks (n = 60) were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the irrigation regimen: group 1, saline; group 2, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); group 3, 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 4, same as group 3 followed by 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The hydrophobicity of S. epidermidis to root dentin was calculated by cell surface hydrophobicity while the adherence was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and bacteria were quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). Statistical analysis of the data was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.05). Results: The hydrophobicity and adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin were significantly increased after irrigating with group 3 (NaOCl-EDTA) (p < 0.05), whereas in group 4 (NaOCl-EDTA-CHX) both hydrophobicity and adherence were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin was influenced differently by root canal irrigants. Final irrigation with CHX reduces the bacterial adherence and may impact biofilm formation.