• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.71-103
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• 2009

This study is designed to propose the ways of the multilateral cooperation system for effective management of fisheries resources in the various overlapping zones established by bilateral fisheries agreements between Korea, China and Japan in North East Asia as semi-enclosed sea. It is necessary to build multilateral fisheries cooperation between Korea, China and Japan in North East Asia because conservation & management of transboundary fish stocks could not be guaranted effectively by the management of fisheries resources in the area where piled up the current-fishing-pattern zone, as white zone and the various grey zone as middle zone, and the interim measures zone of bilateral fisheries agreements between Korea, China and Japan are piled up. Fisheries management in Korea, China and Japan by the bilateral fisheries agreements in North East Asia is faced with difficulties manage fisheries resources. International relationship on fisheries is maintained by bilateral fisheries agreements based on UNCLOS. However fisheries resources are over-exploited and the recovery of the fisheries resources is very slow because proper conservation and management of transboundary fish stocks which article 63(1) of UNCLOS defines have not prepared yet. Thus close cooperation among the coastal States for a proper conservation and management of transboundary fish stocks is necessary. Since the transboundary fish migrate within the EEZs of two or more coastal States, there is a need to manage the fish stocks in the region between Korea, China and Japan through a multi-lateral mechanism at ccircumference area of the current-fishing-pattern zone as white zone. Coastal States must guarantee sustainable maintenance of transboundary fish stocks through the regional cooperation for a proper conservation & management because one coastal State alone could not guarantee conservation and management of fish stocks. Thus there is a need to build multilateral fisheries cooperation between Korea, China and Japan in North East Asia. There are many successful instances including the Barents' sea for a proper conservation & management of transboundary fish stocks. The Barents' sea is one of the best research object to study the regional cooperation for a conservation & management of transboundary fish stocks in North East Asia. In conclusion, it is necessary to build a multilateral fisheries cooperation system between Korea, China and Japan in North East Asia to conserve and manage transboundary fish stocks effectively. It seems desirable that the range of the area to conserve and manage fish stocks should may be any partial area in the current-fishing-pattern zone and interim measures zone between Korea and China, Jeju middle zone between Korea and Japan, interim measures zone of bilateral fisheries agreements between China and Japan.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2006

With extension of national jurisdiction over coastal living resources, new dimensions and objectives should be added to international cooperation in distant-water fisheries concepts. For distant-water fishing nations, Korea, joint exploitation of these resources is today considered not only as a way of producing additional income opportunities, but first of all as at least a partial solution to neutralization of harvesting limitations imposed on them in traditionally exploited fishing grounds.This paper explores the development of Korean distant-water fisheries agreements and reviews the various types of agreements currently in place and discusses the future of Korean distant-water fisheries agreements with third countries. The relationship between coastal States and fishing fleets from non-adjacent countries has been transformed since the 1980s. This was primarily a result of the declaration of Exclusive Economic Zones(EEZs) by many coastal states in the years leading up to the close of the negotiations of the UNCLOS in 1982. Significantly, by recognizing the right of coastal states to determine how their waters were to be exploited, UNCLOS provided a legal basis and economic motivation for the negotiation of access agreements between coastal states and distant-water fishing nations, KoreaThere is a real danger that Korean distant-water fisheries agreements could and do result in the adverse environmental impacts experienced in Korean coastal waters being transferred to third country water and consequently creating socio-economic problems for these third countries. Korean distant-water fisheries agreements with third countries have the potential to be a force for good if they are well managed and if the principals that will be applied within Korean coastal waters, through the reform of the distant-water fisheries policy, are applied equally upon third country waters.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.75-98
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• 2002

As a contribution to developing fishery stock assessment, optimum sustainable yield and its international standards such as MSY, MEY, and dynamic MEY for six recommended fisheries are developed using bio-economic models. For selecting the appropriate model, five models - Schaefer, Schnute, Walters and Hilborn, Fox, and CY&P models are tested in effort and catch data of six species. Surprisingly all the models except the CY&P model failed to satisfy statistical standards such as goodness-of-fitness and reliability. Generally, the CY&P model holds good fitness and statistically significant level for all of six fisheries. However, the CY&P model for squid, where the intrinsic growth rate is high, could not explain MSY, MEY, and dynamic MEY appropriately. This study makes a contribution to develop the modified model for the intrinsic growth rate of 1. The reformulated model represents the results reasonably even though the estimated equation has not good fitness. Although most of the CY&P models appear to have good fits and validated results for some cases, these models also seem to be quite sensitive to parameters which means a more stable model should be developed and data should carefully be handled. In particular biological and technical interactions such as multispecies, predator prey relationship, age structure and mortality should be taken into account. In addition, economic factors and fishing efforts such as price, cost, technical change and a reasonable function of fishing input should simultaneously be considered.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1417-1430
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• 2015

In this study we were to explore the seasonal variation of water temperature distributions before and after weir construction at Gumi, Chilgok, Gangjung(Goryung), Dalsung in the Nakdong River using Landsat satellite images. Relationship between in-situ water temperature and radiance values of Landsat-5, 7, 8 satellite images showed high correlation. Seasonal variation of water temperature in Nakdong River showed that the fluctuation ranges of water temperature before weir construction were larger than those after weir construction. This indicated that the variation of water temperature is due to the difference of heat storage volume by weir construction and dredging work. In particular, the water temperature after weirs construction in autumn was 4-8 times lower than that before weirs construction. Water temperature after weir construction decreased in spring and summer at the downstream of Gumi weir and Gangjung(Goryung) weir, and the upstream of Dalsung weir. In autumn and winter, the water temperature after weir construction increased in the upstream and downstream of the whole weirs except upstream of Gumi weir. Relationship between water temperature and meteorological elements (air temperature, wind speed, sunshine, radiation) showed high correlation of above 94% in air temperature, and then radiation was high correlation before and after 65%.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1614-1628
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the safety awareness and safety practice of international marriage woman in Kimhae and Changwon city. We carried out a questionnaire survey that was targeted at 138 subjects. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 statistical program. Analysis methods were t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Perarsons correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. The results were as follows. First, safety awareness point was an average of 4.10 point which was higher level. Safety practice point was an over intermediate level of an average of 3.23 point. Second, safety awareness had statistically significant difference according to age, year of Korea residence, born Nation, whether or not Korean citizenshilp, monthly income, temper, satisfaction of marriage. Third, safety practice had statistically significant difference according to housing, monthly income, health state, satisfaction of marriage. Fourth, safety Practice had a positive correlation with home safety awareness, traffic safety awareness, fire safety awareness, and emergency care awareness. Therefore, a higher safety awareness results in having a very well safety practice. Fifth, International Marriage Women from Japan had the highest the level in the Safety Awareness and Safety Practice. From now on, two cities should have a major concern for safety education of fire and emergency care. And the safety education based on learning need analysis need to be done substantially.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1425-1435
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• 2011

Time-series change in Gyeongpo beach shoreline was illustrated using DGPS(Differential Global Positioning System, resolution < 0.6m) observation from April, 2009 to April, 2010. The shoreline was subdivided into 12 areas, and westward and eastward movement of shoreline position at each area was calculated. In general, the shoreline moved toward sea during summer, and it moved toward land during winter. The southern and northern part of the shoreline had different pattern in time-series. The shoreline in the southern part moved toward sea during summer and moved toward land during winter, but time-series pattern of the shoreline in the northern part was more complicated than that in the southern part. Pattern of time-series change in the northern part was made up of three different types; the first is that the shoreline moves continuously toward land, and the second thing is that the shoreline's movement is the opposite to the southern part, and the third thing is that the shoreline maintains a state of equilibrium without any great fluctuation. The total length of the shoreline was the largest during winter and the smallest during summer. In general, time-series change in the shoreline had positive(+) relationship with sea surface pressure and wind speed.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

A monitoring was performed to survey the mortalities that had occurred in the aquaculture farms of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in South Korea from 2015 to 2017. The indirect inquiry for entire farms and the sample survey for selected farms were carried out. The aquatic organism disease inspectors, who have a national license for the diagnosis and prevention of aquatic organism diseases and a have close relationship with the farms, investigated the rates and causes of mortalities according to the standard manual. The mortality rate by sample survey of farms in 2015, 2016, and 2017 were 24.78% (Chunnam: 17.86%, Jeju: 28.69), 30.19% (Chunnam: 24.45%, Jeju: 32.65), and 21.59% (Chunnam: 10.57%, Jeju: 26.00%), respectively. The major cause of mortality was scuticociliatosis, and the mortality caused by viral hemorrhagic septicemia and emaciation disease (Jeju) were also high. Our results can contribute to effective establishment prevention of epidemics system and acquired status as a disease-cleansing country.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1067-1079
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• 2021

The coastal water is a space where salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), critical energy-conveying mediator, stay to adapt to different environments while traveling between ocean and river ecosystems for spawning and growth. The mid-eastern coast of Korea (MECW) is the southern limit of salmon distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. Understanding the distribution and migration characteristics of salmon in the MECW is important for the prediction of changes in the amount and distribution of salmon related to changes in the future marine environment. We analyzed the relationship between the salmon migratory timing ascending the Wangpi river and change in vertical seawater temperature and tidal elevation. Overall results highlight that (1) Salmon began to ascend the river when the sea surface water temperature (SST) decreased below 20℃; (2) The number of salmon ascending the river increased when the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers decreased, but decreased when the temperature difference was higher than 5℃; (3) The number of salmon ascending the river peaked, when the SST was 18℃-19℃ and sea levels rose at high tide. This study provide important insight into predicting changes in the ecosystem energy circulation through climate change at its southern distribution limit.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1155-1167
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• 2008

Chlorophyll a (chl a) has been used as an indicator for phytoplankton biomass in pelagic ecosystems due to the relative ease of measurement and selectivity for autotrophs in mixed plankton assemblages. However, the use of chi a as an indicator for phytoplankton biomass is restricted due to its inability to resolve taxonomic differences of phytoplankton and the highly variable relationship of chi a with phytoplankton. Here, we describe the analysis of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) photosynthetic pigment data using CHEMTAX, which is a matrix factorization program that uses chemical taxonomic indices (phytoplankton carotenoids) to quantify the abundance of phytoplankton groups. Compared to direct microscopic counting that can distinguish species within broad groups, the resolution of taxonomic groups by CHEMTAX is generally coarse. It can only distinguish between diatoms, dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, prasinophytes, and haptophytes. However, CHEMTAX analysis is much faster and less expensive than microscopic counting methods. HPLC pigment observations were taken in the spring, summer, fall, and winter in$ 2005\sim2006$ within Gamak Bay, South Korea. CHEMTAX results revealed that diatoms were the dominant taxonomic group in Gamak Bay. In inner Gamak Bay, the ratio between diatoms and cryptophytes was $75\sim80%$, and the ratio between dinoflagellates and cryptophytes was $10\sim15%$. In outer Gamak Bay, the ratio between diatoms and cryptophytes was $85\sim90%$, and the ratio between dinflagellates and cryptophytes was only $1\sim5%$. The population structure was seasonal. Relative diatom populations were less in the summer than the winter season.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1683-1690
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• 2013

We investigated the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton in Youngil Bay as well as the effect of water physico-chemical parameters. Water samples at three stations were collected and measured monthly from May to November in 2010. The taxa of phytoplankton observed in this study were classified as 33 Bacillariophyceae, 23 Dinophyceae, 1 Euglenophyceae, 2 Crysophyceae and 1 Cryptophyceae. The highest biomass of phytoplankton was observed at inner station in September, which was characterized high concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) in surface water after rainfall. Nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton biomass values showed the marked trend to decrease from the inner bay to the outer bay. Pearson's correlation co-efficient between salinity and other water parameters including chlorophyll-a, pH and DIP showed the strong negative relationship r=-0.82, r=-0.78 and r=-0.75 (p<0.01), respectively. These results indicate that the water quality of Youngil Bay could be stimulated by nutrient enriched input from Hyeogsan River discharge, and the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton biomass principally limited to DIP concentration from Hyeogsan river.