• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

It is unavoidable for businesses, especially commercial banks, to compete with other firms and financial institutions in a globalized and internationalized world. Basel I, II, and III were developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision with the primary purpose of supporting banks in dealing with potential risks and enhancing their ability to absorb losses. Basel II and III require the minimum capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of 8% and 10.5%, respectively. This paper estimates the optimal CAR of 26 commercial banks in Vietnam from 2016 to 2020 using the two-stage DEA method. According to the empirical findings, banks with ideal CARs exceeding 8% (as defined by Basel II) and 10.5 percent (as defined by Basel III) account for approximately 98 percent and 88 percent of all banks, respectively. Furthermore, 75.83 percent of all banks need to boost their existing CAR to achieve the optimal level of CAR as well as obtain the best performance. On average, the optimal CAR of state-owned banks is higher than other joint-stock banks, respectively 26 percent and 19 percent. Consequently, it is recommended for Vietnam commercial banks to reach optimal CAR and comply with the new policy set by Basel III with the purpose of approaching the efficient frontier.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.77-100
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• 2019

Third-party funding in international and domestic disputes is a fast-growing trend and it is increasingly used by large, solvent companies that simply wish to share risk in their finance. On January 10, 2017, the Civil Law Amendment Bill was passed in Singapore and on June 2017 an "Arbitration and Mediation Legislation (Third Party Funding) Bill" in Hong-Kong had a third-party funding to finance the international arbitration and other dispute resolutions expressly approved. This arbitral tribunal's expanding discretion over critical interim measure of security cost was in issue. In Essar v. Norscot (2016), the arbitrator found that the additional third-party funding costs were recoverable as "other costs of the parties." In here, the decision showed the issue of a tribunal's power over cost measures could spread out to be reviewed and broadened through the legislative process. A recent investor-state arbitration case of ICSID, RSM Production Corporation v. Saint Lucia, covered the express awarding of security for costs where a claimant was funded by a third-party funder. It seems inevitable that the volume of third-party funding industry will grow more as time goes on. The next step would be to formulate guidelines on how to determine criteria against which an application for security for costs is measured.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-72
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• 2017

The Guangzhou International Finance Centre (IFC) is a landmark building that symbolizes the emerging international strength of Guangzhou, China's third largest city. It is also one of the dual iconic towers along the main axis of Guangzhou Zhujiang New Town. Arup adopted a total engineering approach in embracing sustainability and aiming at high efficiency solutions based on performance-based design principles covering structures, building services, fire engineering, vertical transportation, and façade performance to constitute an efficient and cost-effective overall building design. Through dynamic integration of architectural and engineering principles, Guangzhou IFC represents a pioneering supertall building in China. It adopts a diagrid exoskeleton structural form that is clearly expressed through the building's façade and gives the building its distinctive character. The aerodynamic shape of the building not only presents the aesthetic quality of elegant simplicity, but also reduces the effects of wind, thereby reducing the size and weight of the structure. State-of-the-art advanced engineering methods, such as optimization techniques and nonlinear finite element modelling, were applied in parallel with large-scale experimental programs to achieve an efficient and high-performance design taking into account the constructability and cost-effectiveness for a project of this scale.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 2022

This study identified consumers' shopping behavior in live streaming commerce. To this end, this study put the uncertainty issue of live shopping and the transfer of trust at the center of the discussion. The verification of the research model resulted in the following conclusions. First, reduced uncertainty in live shopping was a factor in increasing the level of involvement and attachment in the service. These results showed that resolving uncertainty in newly introduced services is a key factor in determining users' positive attitudes. Second, the trust in shopping sites influenced the current live shopping attitude. This is because the transfer of trust is also valid in live shopping, which demonstrated the importance of building trust. Third, this study proposed and validated a research model that could systematically understand the consumption process of live streaming shopping. Furthermore, this study provides a beneficial implication for those who want to use live shopping in practice.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.591-599
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• 2021

The increased risk in financial firms, due to Global Financial Crises and high international trade activities, has encouraged banks to use derivatives for both managing their financial risk and earning non-operating income simultaneously. The present study brings new evidence in the existing literature by determining the drivers behind financial derivative usage in Pakistani banks for 2011 till 2016. Moreover, the paper examines how risk plays a moderating role in determining the relationship between derivative usage and bank value. While assessing the determinants, a two-stage test has conducted, first, the logit regression was used to test the drivers behind the derivative usage in banks. Second, Tobit regression was run to analyze the factors leading to determine the extent of derivative usage. The findings demonstrate that Pakistani banks are using derivatives for both risk management and speculative motive as they are customers and users of derivatives at the same time. Empirical results, regarding moderating role of risk on the value implications of derivative usage, provide mixed findings as derivative usage gives value premium in case of non-systematic risk and foreign exchange risk. Whereas value discounts have been observed for cases where systematic risk is high and managers try to earn non-operating income from speculative activities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.409-418
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• 2022

Over the past decades, Bangladesh has fought poverty via labor-intensive industry and inclusive financing. The techniques assist underprivileged women in achieving self-sufficiency and encourage them to pursue independent endeavors. However, the majority of female entrepreneurs focused on four key company types: parlor, boutique, clothes, and fashion, all of which have limited access to financing. It was feared that their shortage of finance was hindering the growth of their company. The study's goal is to assess the effects of financial availability and knowledge on women's entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh via the lens of transformational leadership practices. A sample of 580 SMEs was considered for data collection with a structured questionnaire: a five-point Likert scale for getting responses from SMEs. The model coefficients with structural equation modeling revealed that financial accessibility plays a positive and statistically significant role in women's entrepreneurship development. Moreover, knowledge level established positive interlinkage with women's entrepreneurship development. Transformational leadership, which plays a mediating role in leadership practices, has been linked to the development of women's entrepreneurship indirectly and positively. As a result, support for knowledge creation and external financing must evolve and be made available to ensure women's sustainable development through entrepreneurial activities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 2023

The detrimental impacts of financial instability on the world economy during the financial crisis highlighted the requirement to understand the existing financial circumstances. Stability and developments in financial conditions are important for economic prosperity. This study analyses the impact of geopolitical risk on the economic conditions of some specific emerging economies using monthly data from January 1999 to September 2016 by applying a fixed-effects panel data model. The estimation results demonstrated that geopolitical risk has a significant, negative impact on financial conditions. It shows geopolitical risk could be seen as a key factor that contributes towards financial conditions. Further, it implies that negative shocks of high geopolitical risk experienced by emerging economies are one of the primary reasons for the financial conditions' deterioration. The findings provide important insights for governments, policymakers, and investors. For instance, governments and politicians should refrain from expressing or producing tension, economic discomfort, or news that is likely to increase a high geopolitical risk. Maintaining a close eye on geopolitical risk and its sources may also help to stabilize financial conditions and develop a well-functioning financial system. As a result, investors would be better informed about an economy's economic and financial conditions, allowing them to diversify their international portfolios and devise investing strategies during uncertain economic times.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.27-59
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• 2008

This paper empirically investigates the finance-growth linkage in Korea by utilizing firm-level data of manufacturing industries before and after the 1997 financial crisis. We find that, first, an increase in external finance is associated with a faster subsequent capital accumulation of firms. However, this capital accumulation channel became relatively attenuated after the crisis. Second, the total factor productivity growth effect of external finance has been considerably weak both before and after the crisis. Third, the information production and industry restructuring effects of external finance have also remained weak after the crisis. The limited role of external finance in post-crisis Korea partially reflects sluggish corporate investment and weakening dependence of good credit firms on external finance. The evidence suggests that, in order to effectively sustain economic growth, further reform efforts may be required to strengthen resource allocation and corporate restructuring roles of financial markets and institutions.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.191-198
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• 2010

This paper selects length of berth, area of yard, unloading capacity and number of berth as the input indexes, and cargo turnover as output index to research the source of turnover growth of 22 main ports in Korea. We gains the following results: in general, the trade ports in Korea are the stage of expansion period, the sources of turnover growth depends on the growth of factor inputs and could not be supported by TFP and technical progress. Especially in the west and east coast, TFP and technical progress is the block to the turnover growth. Four major factors to the increase of TFP are following: competition between ports, reform of property system, harbor-hinterland economic and international trade, modeling, imitation and innovation in management, technology and system.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.417-435
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• 2006

A Systematic Wealth Management Framework (SWMF) was developed as a private banking management tool to enable more integrative personal finance management of personal wealth. It is a reference model that provides an unified framework for development, operation, and management and makes provision for personal financial services in today's complex financial environment. This study suggested some practical results from banks and insurance companies that have established SWMF as the differentiation business strategy for wealthy customers. The focus of this manuscript is on capturing the methodological approach most financial institutions in Korea adopted to execute new e-finance planning and implementation based on the SWMF. The alignment between the wealth management business goals and information system architecture at an organization constitutes the main theoretical basis of the study. Relevant discussions are made on the wealth management framework as a general business model for financial industry, on the functional relationship between new information systems and business organizations. Finally, lessons learned from the SWMF implementation are discussed.