• 무역상무연구
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• 제24권
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• pp.73-104
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• 2004

This paper intends to prevent dangerous goods shipments from compromising safety, and to minimize the risks to life and property inherent in air transport of dangerous goods. For this purpose, this paper reviews the changes of international standards for the international air transport of dangerous goods, and recommends the methods for improving the management system for the air transport of dangerous goods. As for the research methodology, this paper reviews the current regulations of the ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods, IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, and national regulations governing the air transport of dangerous goods in Korea. As the results of this paper, it is anticipated that the national regulations for shipping dangerous goods by air will be detailed, and compliance with the regulations will be enforced. In conclusion, ensuring the safe transport of dangerous goods by air is a shared responsibility of the government authorities, carriers and shippers.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제7권
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• pp.135-150
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• 1995

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.7-35
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• 1992

The expansion of air transport on a global scale with ever increasing traffic densities has brought about problems that must be solved through new multilateral mechanisms. Looking to the immediate future, air transport will require new forms of international cooperation in technical and economic areas. Air transport by its very nature should have been a counterforce to nationalism. Yet, the regulatory system in civil aviation is still as firmly rooted in the principle of national sovereignty as when it was first proclaimed at t-11e Paris Convention of 1919 and reaffirmed in the Chicago Convention. Sovereignty over the airspace has remained the cornerstone of relations between states in all respects of air transport. The importance of sovereignty over air space embodied in article 1 of the Chicago Conrenton also is responsible for restricting the authority of ICAO as an intergovernmental regulatory agency. The Orgenization, for all its extensive efforts, has only limited authority. ICAO sets standards but cannot enforce them; it devises solutions but cannot impose them. To implement its rules ICAO most rely not so much on legal requirements as on the goodwill of states. It has been forty-eight years since international community set the foundations of the international system in civil aviation action. Profound political, economic and technological changes have taken place in air transport. The Chicago Convention is living proof that staes can work together to make air transport a safe mode of travel. The law governing international civil auiation is principally based on international treaties and on other regulation agreed to by governments, for the most part through the mechanism of ICAO. The role of ICAO international standards and recommended practices and procedures dealing with a broad range of technical matters could hardly be overestimated. The organization's ability to develop these standards and procedures, to adapt them continuously to the rapid sate of change and development of air transport, should be particularly stressed. The role of ICAO in the area of the development of multilateral conventions on international air law has been successful but to a certain degree. From the modest starting-point of the Tokyo Convention, we have seen more adequate international instruments prepared within the scope of ICAO activities, adopted: the Hague Convention of 1970 for the suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft and the Montreal Convention of 1971 for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation. The work of ICAO in the new domain of international law conventions concerning what has been loosely termed above as the criminal problems connected with international air transport, in particular the problem of armed aggression against aircraft, should be positively appreciated. But ICAO records in the domain of developing a uniform legal system of international carriage by air are rather disappointing. The problem of maintaining and developing the uniformity of this regulation exceeds the scope of interest and competence of governmental transport agencies. The expectations of mankind linked to it are too great to give up trying to restore the uniform legal system of international air carriage that would create proper conditions for its further growth. It appears that ICAO has, at present, a good opportunity for doing this. The hasty preparation of ICAO draft conventions should be definitely excluded. Every Preliminary draft convention ought to be sent to Governments of all member-States for consideration, So that they could in form ICAO in due time of their observation. The problom of harmonizing a uniform law of international air carriage with that of other branches of international transport should demand more and more of its attention. ICAO cooperation with other international arganization, especially these working in the field of international transport, should be strengthened. ICAO is supposed to act as a link and a mediator among, at times the conflicting interests of member States, serving the happiness and peace of all of the world. The transformation of the contemporary world of developing international relations, stimulated by steadily growing international cooperation in its various dimensions, political, economic, scientific, technological, social and cultural, continuously confronts ICAO with new task.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.371-388
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• 2016

International air transport for cargo services is a facilitator for various trade sectors and, by itself, an important service industry. Although international air cargo industry is expected to grow continuously, industry stakeholders complain about legal constraints in the industry and demand more liberalized regime. From its birth at the beginning of the 20th century, the airline industry was tightly regulated by governments with a strong tradition of protectionism. In the past few decades, however, protectionism in the airline industry has steadily declined. Indeed, the airline industry is largely in the process of liberalization. Interestingly, it has been easier to liberalize air cargo service than passenger service. Indeed, states have traditionally shown far more willingness to provide market access for foreign carriers carrying cargo than passengers. Given the impact of air cargo service in a state's wider economy and own characteristics of cargo services (i.e. air cargo traffic is inherently one-way, unlike passenger traffic, which tends to involve round trips), more liberalized approach is necessary for air cargo services. Among three approaches: bilateral, regional (block-based) and multilateral, it is desirable to adopt a multilateral treaty (a new multilateral all-cargo agreement) so as to harmonize and simplify complicated trade regulations on air cargo services.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.3-34
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• 2018

우리나라 항공운송산업은 1948년 10월에 대한국민항공사(KNA) 설립된 이후, 올해로 민항 70년의 역사를 이어 왔다. 현재 우리나라는 9개의 국제항공운송사업 면허를 보유한 항공사가 활발하게 사업을 영위하고 있으며, 2017년 기준으로 우리나라는 항공운송 수송실적(국내+국제)이 세계 8위를 차지할 정도로 세계 항공업계에서 그 위상을 확고히 하고 있다. 본고는 현재 우리나라 항공운송산업에 대한 분석을 통해 국내 항공운송산업의 내재적 문제점과 그에 대한 정책적 내지 법적으로 보완할 사항이 무엇인지에 대해 살펴보고, 향후 우리나라가 글로벌 항공 강국으로 지속 발전할 수 있는 '항공정책 방향'을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 항공관련 통계자료를 분석해보면, 우리나라 항공운송산업은 매우 높은 성장률을 보이고 있으며, 국적항공사들도 지속성장을 위한 투자를 계속하고 있다. 나아가 새로운 기업들도 시장진입을 위해 노력하고 있다. 2018년 11월 현재 4개 기업이 국제항공운송사업 면허를 신청하였고, 1개 기업이 (화물)국제항공운송사업 면허를 신청한 상태이며 국토교통부는 2019년 1분기까지 면허발급 여부를 결정할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 상황에 대해 일부에서는 경쟁촉진을 통한 가격인하와 소비자 편익 향상을 기대하고 있으나, 반대편에서는 경쟁심화로 인한 항공사의 재무구조 악화와 안전투자 소홀을 우려하기도 한다. 현재 상황에서 우리나라 항공운송산업의 문제점을 정리하면 첫째, 저비용항공사들이 내국인 수요 유치에 집중하는 반면 외국인 수요 유치에 대한 노력이 부족하여 장기적이고 지속적인 성장의 기반이 취약하며, 둘째, 최근 몇 년간의 고도성장에 따라 조종사, 정비사와 같은 항공 전문인력의 부족과 주요공항의 슬롯이 포화상태에 이르러 지속성장의 장애가 되고 있으며, 셋째, 항공사들의 재무건전성이 체계적이고 지속적으로 관리되지 않아서 급작스런 지정학적 리스크나 글로벌 경기 침체시에는 항공사들의 재무상태가 일시에 급격이 나빠지고, 그 피해는 고스란히 소비자들에게 귀결될 위험이 있다. 국적항공사들이 지속 발전하기 위해서는 첫째, 성장기반을 세계 항공시장의 무한한 수요에 초점을 맞추고 국제경쟁력을 갖추어 나가고, 둘째, 정부에서 항공 인프라를 항공운송산업 규모에 맞게 지원하여야 하며, 셋째, 우리나라 항공운송산업의 미래를 이끌어 나갈 항공 전문인력을 체계적으로 양성하고, 넷째, 정부는 상시적으로 항공사들의 재무상태를 관리하여 소비자의 피해를 미연에 방지해야 할 것이다. 현재 항공운송산업은 극심한 경쟁이 일상화 되어 있다. 국적항공사의 지속가능한 발전을 위해서는 항공사들이 모두 치열하게 노력해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 정부의 모든 기관들도 우리 항공사들이 국제경쟁에서 이길 수 있도록 정책적으로 뒷받침 해나가야 할 것이다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제8권
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• pp.97-131
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• 1996

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

As the price competition between airlines became increasingly intensified, due to increased participation of low-cost carriers in the air transport industry and the continued deregulation of international air transport, each airline has introduced various management techniques for securing international competitiveness and operational efficiency in order to cope with the uncertainty in air transport industry. The world leading LCCs, such as Ryan air, easyJet and Southwest, have changed their traditional business models by increasing operation to primary airports, diversifying operating routes, making strategic alliances with FSCs or other LCCs, increasing the operations on the mid or long distance routes, expanding ancillary revenues, etc. As Korea's air transport industry is confronting with intense competition, our LCCs are requested to adjust to this new challenging situation. As the world leading LCCs did, Korean LCCs are recommended to adopt new business models such as restructuring of the air transport industry through M&A, operating more flexibly in terms of frequency or route, launching of services to primary airports, making strategic alliances with foreign FSCs, developing of 4th or 6th traffic demands, etc.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.201-238
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to describe the contents and issues of the draft legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Air of Korean Commercial Code in respect of the domestic carriage of cargo by air, comparing to the related provisions of the Montreal Convention of 1999 for the unification of certain rules for international carriage by air and the related provisions of Korean Commercial Code in respect of the carriage by land and sea. The Montreal Convention in respect of the international carriage by air was adopted in 1999, and Korea has ratified the Montreal Convention in 2007. However, there is now no national legislation in respect of the carriage by air in Korea. Thus, the Ministry of Justice has prepared the draft legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Air of the Korean Commercial Code in July 2008, and the draft legislation is now being reviewed by the National Assembly. The draft provisions of Part VI the Carriage by Air are basically adopting most of the related provisions of the Montreal Convention in respect of the carriage of cargo by air and some draft provisions are applying the related provisions of the Korean Commercial Code in respect of the carriage of cargo by land and sea. In respect of the carriage of cargo by air, the contents of the draft legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Air are composed of the provisions in respect of the liability of the carrier, the rights of the consignor and consignee, the transport document and others. In respect of the carriage of cargo by air, the issues on the draft legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Air are the problems with respect to the extinguishment of the liability of the carrier, the application for the non-contractual claim, the liability limit of the servants or agents of the carrier, the right of disposition of cargo, the effect of breach of the provision in respect of the air transport document, the prescription of claim of the carrier, the immunity reasons from liability of the carrier for the loss or damage of the cargo, the making out of the air waybill, and the effect of the statement of the air transport document. In conclusion, the national legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Air of the Korean Commercial Code will protect the right and interest of the consignor and consignee, and clarify the right and duty of the parties to the air transport. Also it will contribute to the development of the air transport industry in Korea.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2007

우리나라가 중국발 해상/항공화물 운송을 발전시켜 복합운송시장의 우위를 점한다면 중국교역의 물류거점지역으로 자리를 잡을 가능성이 있다. 이에 따라 본고는 중국경기가 해상 및 항공물동량에 미치는 효과를 통해 새로운 운송체계의 필요성을 제기하며, 우리나라 해상/항공 복합물류의 특성과 현황을 살펴본 후 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 이동회귀분석 통해 해상물동량과 항공물동량 모두에서 경기계수가 시간의 흐름에 따라 작아지고 있으며, 해상물동량의 경우가 항공물동량보다 더 빠르게 중국경기의 영향력이 감소하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 중국경제의 성장과 물동량 증가가 우리나라 해상물동량과 항공물동량 증가로 이어지는 구조가 악화될 수 있음을 나타내고 있다. 앞으로 새로운 운송체제의 구축이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 해상/항공 복합운송의 활성화를 위해 해상/항공 복합운송 잠재수요의 파악 및 마케팅, 중국내 면허자격의 완화와 교차물류단지와 조성, 한 중간 해상운송시간의 단축, 통관시스템의 개선, 국적항공사의 항공기 스페이스 확보와 저렴한 운임을 제시하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.189-207
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• 2006

동북아 물류허브의 건설이 국가전략으로 들어서면서 물류분야에 대한 관심이 제고되자, 환황해권을 배경으로 한 해공복합운송에 대한 관심도 고조되고 있다. 해공복합운송은 항공운송의 신속성과 해상운송의 저렴성을 결합한 틈새시장으로서의 성격을 갖는 것이다. 따라서 현재 진행되고 있는 해공복합운송의 향후 가능성을 확인하는 것은 중요한 연구과제 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식 하에서 환황해권 해상복합운송의 향후 발전 가능성을 경쟁력 측면, 장래수요 측면, 그리고 기술조건 및 수송환경의 변화 측면에서 검토하였다. 그 결과, 경쟁력 측면에서는 시간이나 비용 등 모두에서 현재 상태에서는 충분한 경쟁력이 있고, 장래수요 측면에서도 지속성의 여지는 있으나, 기술조건의 변화나 수송환경의 변화측면에서 안정성은 높지 않은 것을 확인하였다. 특히 항공기술의 발전에 따른 중소도시직항형태의 항공환경 변화, 중국 항공사를 겨냥한 국제 항공사들의 전략적 제휴 등은 해공복합운송의 향후 발전에 중요한 위협요인이 될 것으로 분석하였다. 이에 본 연구는 향후 해공복합운송의 발전을 위해 현재 진행되고 있는 환적화물 중심의 해공복합운송이 부가가치창출형 해공복합운송으로 발전되어 수요의 안정성을 높이고, 또 더 나아가 동북아 SCM 허브형 해공복합운송을 지향함으로써 수요창조형으로의 비전을 가져야 함을 향후 대안으로 제시하였다.