• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.581-593
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• 2023

In the catheterization laboratory, the measurement of physiological indexes can help identify functionally significant lesions and has become one of the standard methods to guide treatment decision-making. Plaque vulnerability refers to a coronary plaque susceptible to rupture, enabling risk prediction before coronary events, and it can be detected by defining a certain type of plaque morphology on coronary imaging modalities. Although coronary physiology and plaque vulnerability have been considered different attributes of coronary artery disease, the underlying pathophysiological basis and clinical data indicate a strong correlation between coronary hemodynamic properties and vulnerable plaque. In prediction of coronary events, emerging data have suggested independent and additional implications of a physiology-based approach to a plaque-based approach. This review covers the fundamental interplay between coronary physiology and plaque morphology during disease progression with clinical data supporting this relationship and examines the clinical relevance of physiological indexes in prediction of clinical outcomes and therapeutic decision-making along with plaque vulnerability.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.112.1-112.1
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• 2002

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.178-188
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• 2004

We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at 300 K on a series of poly(benzyl ether) (PBE) dendrimers having a different core functionalities. We used the rotational isomeric state Metropolis Monte Carlo (RMMC) method to construct the initial configuration in a periodic boundary cell (PBC) before the MD simulations were undertaken. To elucidate the effects that the structural features have on the chain dimension, the overall internal structure, and the morphology, we monitored the radii of gyration, R$\sub$g/ and the conformational changes during the simulations. The PBE dendrimers in a glassy state adopted less-extended structures when compared with the conformations obtained from the RMMC calculations. We found that R$\sub$g/ of the PBE dendrimer depends on the molecular weight, M, according to the relation, R$\sub$g/∼M$\^$0.22/. The radial distributions of the dendrimers were developed identically in the PBC, irrespective of the core functionality. A gradual decrease in radial density resulted from the fact that the terminal branch ends are distributed all over the molecule, except for the core region.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.293-299
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• 2015

Conductive microcellular foams consisted of polystrene (PS) and polydopamine-coated carbon nanotube (PDA-CNT) were prepared via high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) polymerization and their morphology and electrical conductivity were investigated. CNT as a conductive nanofiller was modified to PDA-CNT by coating with hydrophilic PDA on the surface of CNT to increase aqueous phase dispersion and emulsion stability. It was possible to prepare the HIPEs having higher PDA-CNT content and the resultant foams having improved conductivity due to its good dispersion. The foams showed the morphology of interconnected cell structure. As PDA-CNT content increased, yield stress and storage modulus increased and cell size reduced. The PDA-CNT content showing electrical percolation threshold was ca. 0.58 wt% and the conductivity at PDA-CNT content of 5 wt% was increased to $10^{-3}S/m$.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to be used as basic data for obtaining excellent quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) root. Methods : SM cultivated in Anhui Bozou, Henan, Shandong, Henan Wenxian, Zhejiang, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi Shangluo, Sichuan Zhongjiang, Sichuan Minyang and Jiangsu in China were gathered and its internal morphology and physicochemical patterns were analyzed. Results : Cross-section of sang plants according to cultivated regions in China showed that cork layers consisted of cells with four to six layers, cortex width was wide, and phloem was semilunar-shaped. Although there are forms layers, yet boundary was vague. It was observed that eight to ten vascular bundles were arranged in wooden parts in all directions and as a single line of vascular was distributed nearby form layers as it nears to the center. Tanshinon IIA identified a spot in the same location with standard product near by Rf 0.9 in the test identifying TLC of SM according to cultivated areas in China. The largest amount was 0.535% identified in Shandong and the lowest amount of 0.05% in Hebei. Salvianolic acid B identified a spot in the same location with standard product near by Rf 0.7 in the test identifying TLC of SM according to cultivated areas in China. The largest amount was 2.72% identified in Liaoning and the lowest amount of 0.825% in Jiangsu. Conclusions : The results are assumed to be used as basic data for obtaining excellent quality of SM oriental medical hers and distinguishing authentic or fake herbs.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2003

This work presents a comparative study of the morphology and structure related properties of thermoplastic elastomer blends based on SEBS/PP/Oil and dynamically vulcanized EPDM/PP/Oil. A combination of ruthenium oxide staining and low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) was found to be suitable for the study of morphology of these highly oil extended blends. h close analogy was found in the mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of the two systems made in an internal Brabender mixer and co-rotating turin screw extruder. The morphology of the blends, as made by the two techniques, was found to be significantly different. In the case of TPVs, the blonds made in the extruder had smaller EPDM domains and better tensile properties. In the case of SEBS, the blends made in the Brabender had more co-continuous phases and showed better tensile properties. Crystallization behavior of the isotactic polypropylene in the blends was found to be influenced by the type of rubber. Blends of SEBS/PP crystallized at a lower temperature than the TPVs. These differences were probably caused by differences in the nucleating ability of the two rubbers.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.3 s.18
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• pp.101-115
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to introduce the differential standard of the types of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. We established the classificatory standard according to the external and internal morphology and the physicochemistrical pattern for the four types of Aucklandiae Radix. The results follow: 1. At the external shape, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata has rising lenticel and dark brown surface, Its section is light gray and its xylem is yellow gray. Aralia continentalis has big stem mark in upper portion, its section has no dense tissue with yellow gray. Heracleum hemsleyanum has dark brown surface and little lenticel, its cortical layer is white yellow and xylem is isabella and powdered. 2. At the internal shape, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata has phloem with half of the root and rare vessel. Aralia continentalis has phloem with two-thirds of the root and it has broad cutting and putting vessel that formed 1-2 row. Heracleum hemsleyanum also has phloem with half of the root and wide scattered latex tube and many large vessel. 3. At the TLC pattern, Heracleum hemsleyanum has remarkable dark spot at $R_{f}$ 0.23 on the sulphuric acid color pattern test, but others have faint. 4. At the HPLC pattern, all samples have generally patterns. But Angelica pubescens f. biserrata shows diminutive continentalic acid content and the peak at Rt 20.278min comes out on Heracleum hemsleyanum, but do not come out on Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Heracleum hemsleyanum has remarkable peak at Rt 20.278min, but shows no peak at Rt 29.023min unlike Aralia continentalis or Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Also Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata show one remarkable peak at Rt 29.023, but Heracleum hemsleyanum do not show. Consequently, Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata are comparable whit continentalic acid content and Heracleum hemsleyanum is comparable with the peak at Rt 20.273 and Rt 29.023. So it is thought that content of continentalic acid and the peaks at Rt 20.278 and Rt 29.023 can apply to differentiate a species from other. It is considered the results of this study will be furnished the basis to succeeding studies and it is needed to extensive comparative study for the same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.11-23
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• 2002

Computational models up to now for Korean morphology have been linear in that it deal with only segmentation of morphemes rather than formation of the internal structure of a word. When integrating a linear computational model with syntax analysis, it requires an additional interface component between this model and the syntax to bind morphemes into sentence constituents. Furthermore the linear model is not semantically intuitive. In this paper, based on word-syntactical viewpoint, we propose an integrated computational model that deals with morpheme segmentation, formation of syntactic element (sentence constituent), and even internal structure of word. Formalism of two-level morphology is employed to cope with morpheme segmentation and alternation problems, and functional diacritics are proposed to incorporate categorial context into the two-level formalism. A modified GLR-based algorithm is also proposed to check syntactical constraint of morphemes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Objectives : Bangki is commonly Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma (SC) in Korea. But it often confused with others such as Cocculi Radix (CR), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (SR) and Aristolochiae Fangchi (AR) due to the similarity in herbal names and morphological characteristics. However, because all of these types of Bangi have different healing properties, they need to be differentiated. Methods : A discrimination on external features of original plants and external characteristics of herbal medicines was carried out using visual examination, stereoscope. For the examination of Internal characteristics of herbal medicines, tissues were dyed using fast green FCF, hematoxylin and safranin O, and the features were observed by the microscope. Results : In external morphology of original plants, the original plants of SC and AR were lignum plants and others were herbaceous plants. The leaf blade and the petiole were another discriminative criteria. In external morphology of herbal medicines, SR and AR have powders and others didn't. Also, SC and CR were determined by the dense of the radiation pattern in the cross section. In internal morphology of herbal medicines, SR and AR were distinguished by the dense of Stone cells. Moreover, SC and CR were different in the pattern of medullary ray and vascular bundle. Conclusions : The results above could be used as identification keys of Bangki. Moreover, these identifications might attribute as a fundamental material to further studies like physicochemical pattern analysis and biological reaction.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.2 s.17
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• pp.63-73
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• 2006

In the original plant of Arisaematis Rhizomas, the features of external and internal shape of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ and A. amurense $_{MAXIM}$. are as follows. 1. In the external shape of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ has high stem, an oval-elliptic leaflet and a serrate leaf margin. But A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ has a relatively low stem, an upside oval leaflet and no serrate leaf margin. 2. On the herbs character of original plant, Ansaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is small in height and diameter, but A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is relatively large in height and diameter. 3. On the gathered herbs character of original plant, the section of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is brightly white, easily spilt and strong scent. But the section of A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is thin yellowish brown, not easily spilt and weak scent. Also the grade of gathered herbs, both can be classified by diameter and external scent. 4. In the current herbs character, Korean and Sichuan Province products are irregullar shape and have no scent, Jilin Province products are regular shape. Also, Guangxi Province products are small size and concave in one side, Hebei Province products are irregular size and shape. 5. In internal shape of original plant, epidermal cell of Arisaema amurense var. serratum is very tight. With the except of micro difference in parenchyma cell of cortex, on the whole there are nearly no differences with A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$. Also, samely in the internal shape, according to collecting sites, epidermis exhibits a lot layer in curving state and secreting duct is developed and vascular bundle and exists between parenchyma cell of cortex. In the future, additional study is needed to distinguish herb and effect between same genus-degree of relatedness.