• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6611-6617
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to compare the marginal and internal fit of metal and zirconia coping which is fabricated by manual and CAD/CAM(Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing). The model is prepared with Urethane material and two abutment teeth are fabricated with a knife and chamfer margin. Silicon replica technique is used to measure the marginal fit of manually fabricated and the CAD/CAM coping. Internal fitting level is measured with a microscope and the image is captured with a CCD camera. The distance between abutment teeth and coping is measured with a callibrated image analyzer software; marginal opening (MO), marginal gap (MG), internal gap (IG) at maximum curvature area, axial gap (AG), and occlusal gap (OG). Two-way ANOVA test is applied to compare fabrication technique and to analysis of abutment pattern. In addition, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's test is used to analyze each parameter of the test. The result shows that the fit is < $120{\mu}m$ except OG of CAD/CAM and MO of knife margin. The CAD/CAM fabricated coping showed higher fit level at chamfer margin. However, knife margin showed better fitness compared to chamfer margin at MG. AG showed the minimum dimension with a constant result (< $38{\mu}m$).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.143-145
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• 1992

Fourteen masses in the maxillofacial areas which are not diagnosised simply as abscess were studied with ultrasound to evaluate its diagnostic role. Benign mass showed homogeneous echopattern with smooth margin and cyst a few internal echo with smooth margin. But malignant mass showed irregular margin, inhomogeneous echotexture and deep extension. Ultrasonography considered as an initial noninvasive imaging modality for the evaluation of maxillofacial masses.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.226-233
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a 'linear approximation method' which is an accelerated BER (Bit Error Rate) test method for high speed interfaces, based on an analytical BER model. Both the conventional 'Q-factor estimation method' and 'linear approximation method' can predict a timing margin for $10^{-13}$ BER with an error of about 0.03UI. This linear approximation method is implemented on a hardware as an accelerated Built-In Self Test (BIST) with an internal BERT (BET Tester). While a direct measurement of a timing margin in a 3Gbps interface takes about 5.6 hours with $10^{-13}$ BER requirement and 95% confidence level, the accelerated BIST estimates a timing margin within 0.6 second without a considerable loss of accuracy. The test results show that the error between the estimated timing margin and the timing margin from an actual measurement using the internal BERT is less than 0.045UI.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1982

Hepatoscintigram has been a useful diagnostic method for the liver diseases since 1953, but reasonable diagnostic criteria for parenchymal liver diseases are not yet accurately established. For the purpose of searching for more advanced diagnostic criteria for various types of live disease by the liver scan, a retrospective study was made of 272 cases who underwent both hepatoscintigram with 198 Au colloid and liver biopsy in Hanynag University Hospital from Jan., 1978 to Dec., 1981. The results were as follows: 1. Fuzzy margin (irregular indentation of the liver margin) in the hepatoscintigram was noted in 226 cases (97.79%). 2. Of 35 cases with fuzzy margin only, 28 cases (80%) revealed mild parenchymal liver disease, such as acute hepatitis or chronic persistent hepatitis by the liver biopsy. 3. Mottling change (209 cases) was always accompanied by fuzzy margin except only one case, and 31 cases (86.1%) of fuzzy and mottling cases (36 cases) showed mild parenchymal liver disease. 4. Configuration change (193 cases) was usually accompanied with other changes and espicially 104 cases had configuration change with fuzzy and mottling changes. 73 cases (88.44%) of 86 cases with severe configuration change revealed advanced parenchymal liver disease on biopsy. If liver scan showed mild configuration change, we could not decide the type of liver disease only liver scan, and so further studies are needed. 5. Splenic uptake was noted in 34 cases (40.48%) of 84 cases with advanced parenchymal liver disease, and the degree of splenic uptake was for the most part morderate or severe; whereas splenic uptake was noted in 18 cases (16.51%) of the mild parenchymal liver disease (109 cases), and the degree of splenic uptake was largely mild.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.566-571
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• 2012

Marginal and internal fit are very important factor for the clinical long-term success of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). A variety of methods have been applied to the measuring marginal and internal fit of FDPs. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal and internal fit of 2 different measuring methods silicone replica technique [SRT] and die cutting technique (DCT). SRT, the space between die and FDPs were filled with light-body silicone, then stabilized by medium-body silicone. DCT, the FDPs were cemented on definitive dies and embedded into epoxy. The silicone replicas and epoxies were sectioned mesio-distal and measured 4 locations (margin, rounded chamfer, axial, occlusal) and using a digital microscope at a magnification $\times$160. For the SRT the mean${\pm}$SDs fit (${\mu}m$) recorded were: margin $88.7{\pm}22.2$, rounded chamfer $90.6{\pm}25.0$, axial wall $61.5{\pm}21.8$, occlusal $134.9{\pm}30.8$. For the DCT the mean${\pm}$SDs fit (${\mu}m$) recorded were: margin $85.3{\pm}18.0$, rounded chamfer $85.4{\pm}24.7$, axial wall $62.0{\pm}21.3$, occlusal $131.7{\pm}30.5$. The mean${\pm}$SDs size (${\mu}m$) of SRT margin was $88.7{\pm}22.2$ and of DCT margin was $85.3{\pm}18.0$. There were no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the four parts between SRT and DCT. It is considered an appropriate case to use SRT at fit of FDPs.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.829-839
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced radial T1-weighted gradient-echo 3-tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for the detection of visceral pleural surface invasion (VPSI). Visceral pleural invasion by non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be classified into two types: PL1 (without VPSI), invasion of the elastic layer of the visceral pleura without reaching the visceral pleural surface, and PL2 (with VPSI), full invasion of the visceral pleura. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients with pathologically confirmed VPSI by NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. Multidetector CT and contrast-enhanced 3T MRI with a free-breathing radial three-dimensional fat-suppressed volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) pulse sequence were compared in terms of the length of contact, angle of mass margin, and arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio. Supplemental evaluation of the tumor-pleura interface (smooth versus irregular) could only be performed with MRI (not discernible on CT). Results: At the tumor-pleura interface, radial VIBE MRI revealed a smooth margin in 20 of 21 patients without VPSI and an irregular margin in 10 of 12 patients with VPSI, yielding an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F-score for VPSI detection of 91%, 83%, 95%, 91%, 91%, and 87%, respectively. The McNemar test and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed no significant differences between the diagnostic accuracies of CT and MRI for evaluating the contact length, angle of mass margin, or arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio as predictors of VPSI. Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced radial T1-weighted gradient-echo 3T MRI and CT were equal in terms of the contact length, angle of mass margin, and arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio. The advantage of MRI is its clear depiction of the tumor-pleura interface margin, facilitating VPSI detection.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.611-621
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• 2005

State of problem: Zirconia all-ceramic restoration fabricated with CAM system is on an increasing trend in dentistry. However, evaluation of the marginal and internal fits of zirconia bridge seldomly have been reported. Purpose: This study was to evaluate the at of margin and internal surface in posterior 3-unit zirconia bridge framework fabricated with CAM system(DeguDent, Germany). Material and Method: Preparations of secondary premolar and secondary molar on artificial resin model were performed for fabrication of 3-unit posterior bridge framework. Fits of 5 zirconia bridge framework were compared with 5 precious ceramo-metal alloy framework(V-GnathosPlus, Metalor, Switzerland), and prepared margins were designed to chamfer and shoulder finishing line. Each framework was cemented to epoxy resin model with reinforced glass ionomer(FujiCEM, GC Co., Japan), embedded in acrylic resin and sectioned in two planes, mesio-distal and buccolingual. Samples were divided into six pieces by sectioning and had two pieces of each surface(i.e mesial, distal, buccal and lingual surface) per abutment, so there were eight measuring points in each abutment. External gap was measured at the margin and internal gaps were measured at the margin, axial and occlusal surface. Gaps were observed under the measuring microscope(Compact measuring microscope STM5; Olympus, Japan) at a magnification of $\times100$. T-test were used to determine the statistic significance of the different gaps between zirconia and metal framework. Results and Conclusion: 1. External and internal marginal gaps of zirconia and metal framework were in clinically acceptable range. External marginal gaps were not different significantly between zirconia$(81.9{\mu}m)$ and metal $(81.3{\mu}m)$ framework and internal marginal gaps of zirconia $(44.6{\mu}m)$ were smaller than those of metal framework $(58.6{\mu}m)$. 2. Internal axial gaps of zirconia framework$(96.7{\mu}m)$ were larger than those of metal frame-work$(78.1{\mu}m)$ significantly and adversely, internal occlusal gaps of zirconia frame-work$(89.4{\mu}m)$ were smaller than those of metal framework $(104.9{\mu}m)$ significantly. 3. There were no significant differences in external and internal marginal gaps between chamfer and shoulder finish line when zirconia frameworks were fabricated.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.861-876
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• 1995

This study was carried out to get fundamental information about the normal ultrasonogram of the liver and heart in Korean native cattle and calves. The interventricular septum, left ventricular internal diameter, left ventricular free wall thickness, aortic diameter, left atrial diameter, and right ventricular internal diameter of hear in 10 Korean native calves were determined at 4-5 right intercostal spare by use of ultrasonography. The caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder, liver of 9 Korean native cattle and 10 calves were determined at 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spares by use of ultrasonography. Cursor-directed M-mode and gray-scale, B-mode ultrasonograms were obtained with electronic scanning ultrasound equipment with a 3.5 or 5.0-MHz convex transducer. The results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows: 1. The result of ultrasonographic examination of the korean native calves' heart 1) Interventricular septum in systole and diastole was 1.23 and 0.81 cm, respectively(vc=28.84, 17.4). 2) Ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole was 2.50 and 4.91 cm, respectively(vc=17.44, 12.73). 3) Left ventricular free was thickness in systole and diastole was 1.44 and 0.92 cm, respectively(vc=26.85, 23.54). 4) Aortic diameter was 2.69.m, .rspectevely(vc=11.29). 5) Left atrial diameter was 1.82 cm(vc=15.31). 6) Right ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole was 1.12 and 1.9 cm, respectively(vc=33.71, 24.43). 3. Ultrasonographic measurments of caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder of Korean native calves 1) Dorsal margin of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 13.5, 15.3 and 18.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Depth of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 cm, respectively. 3) Diameter of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 11.6, 1.7 and 1.6 cm, respectively. 4) Dorsal margin of portal vein at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 16.2, 18.6 and 21.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01) 5) Depth of portal vein at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spare was 4.5, 4.4 and 3.9 cm respectively. 6) Diameter of portal vein at the 13, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 2.1, 2.2 and 1.9 cm respectively. 7) Dorsal margin of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 23.6 and 23.9 cm, respectively(p<0.01), 8) Longitudinal diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 7.1 and 5.9 cm, respectively(p<0.05). 9) Transverse diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 2.4 and 2.1 cm respectively(p<0.01). 3. Ultrasonographic measurments of caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder of Korean native cattle 1) Dorsal margin of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 22.2, and 25.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 2) Depth of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 103 and 11.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Diameter of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 3.1 and 3.0 cm, respectively. 4) Dorsal margin of portal vein at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 29.3 and 32.9 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 5) Depth of portal vein at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 9.6, and 9.2 cm, respectively. 6) Diameter of portal vein at the 12 and lith intercostal space was 3.4 and 3.3 cm, respectively. 7) Dorsal margin of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 43.1 and 45.5 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 8) Longitudinal diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 10.1 and 9.4 cm, respectively. 9) Transverse diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 4.0 and 3.7 cm, respectively. 4, Ultrasonogaphic measurments of dorsal margin, ventral margin, size and angles of the Korean native calves' liver. 1) Dorsal margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 11.0, 9.6, and 12.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 2) Ventral margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spate was 20, 24 and 26.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Size of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 9.0, 14.6 and 13.8 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 4) Angle of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 40, 46 and 37, respectively(p<0.01). 5. Ultrasonographic measurmants of dorsal margin, ventral margin, size and anglses of the korean native cattle's liver 1) Dorsal margin of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 14.4, 18.2 and 26, 3 cm, respectively. 2) Ventral margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 41.1, 46.4 and 49.3 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Size of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 26.8, 28.2 and 23.2 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 4) Angel of liverat the 15, 11 and 10 intercostal space was 41, 40.6 and 35.7, respectively(p<0.05). It was concluded that the ultrasonographic values oletermined in this study can be used as references for the diagnosis of morphologic changes in the hear and liver in korean native calves, and in the liver in korean native rattle.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 1990

A clinical study of 37 cases with thyroid nodules, which were treated by surgical excision and confirmed pathologically at the Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, from Dec. 1988 to Feb. 1990, was conducted and following results were obtained in ultrasonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules. 1) The thyroid adenoma were showed well-defined margin, homogenous internal echo and surrounding Halo, but thyroid cancer were showed ill-defined margin, inhomogenous internal echo and no surrounding Halo. 2) The sensitivity of high resoution ultrasonography compared with pathologic diagnosis to thyroid cancer was 87.5%, specificity 94.1%, accuracy 88%, false positive 5.88%, and negative 12.5%.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2022

Background: In this study, zirconia copings were fabricated by setting clinically acceptable inner values for prostheses using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The processed copings were evaluated for the marginal and internal fit of each abutment shape with a CAD program using the silicone replica technique. Methods A total of 20 copings was produced by selecting models commonly used in clinical practice. After injecting the sample, the minimum thickness, internal adhesion interval, and distance to the margin line were set to 0.5, 0.05, and 1.00 mm using a dental CAD program, respectively. It was measured using a 2D section function in a three-way program of the silicon replication technology. Although the positions and number of measurements of the anterior and posterior regions differed, nine parts of each pre-tube were designated and measured by referring to a previous study to compare the two samples. Results As a result, the average margin of the mesial, distal, and buccal (labial) surfaces was 59.90 ㎛ in the anterior region and 60.40 ㎛ in the posterior region. The mean axial wall margin was 67.25 ㎛ in the anterior region and 69.25 ㎛ in the posterior region. In occlusion, the anterior teeth (77.70 ㎛), posterior teeth (77.60 ㎛), and both anterior and posterior regions were within the clinically acceptable range. Conclusion The edge and inner fit of zirconia coping manufactured using the CAD/CAM system showed clinically applicable results. To reduce errors and increase accuracy, materials and machine errors that affect the manufacture of prosthetics should be investigated. Based on our results, the completeness of prosthetics could increase if the inner value and characteristics of the material are adjusted when applied in clinical practice.