• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.778-786
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was to investigate the short time effect of caffeine on heart rate variability(HRV) and the effect of Neiguan(PC6) acupuncture stimulation on HRV. Methods : 27 healthy adult volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups: Neiguan group (N=13) or placebo group (N=14). The study was carried out under a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial method. Each group orally received the same tablets with 200 mg caffeine. After 1 hour, acupuncture was applied to the Neiguan(PC6) points for the Neiguan group, and for the placebo group was applied to a non-acupuncture point. Both groups were estimated with HRV 3 times, before and after caffeine ingestion, 20 minutes after acupuncture stimulation. Results : After taking caffeine, pulse rate, mean-HRV, and pNN50(the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals) decreased, SDNN(standard deviation of all normal-to-normal (NN) intervals), RMSSD (the root square of successive differences), TP log, HF(high frequency), and HRV index was increased. There were significant changes to the autonomic nervous system after taking caffeine. There were no significant differences between the two groups after acupuncture at Neiguan. Conclusion : Caffeine could induce general activation of the autonomic nervous system. Neiguan acupuncture stimulation may not have significant influence on the autonomic nervous system.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.315-321
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two lercanidipine hydrochloride tablets, Zanidip tablet (LG Life Sciences Ltd., Korea, reference drug) and Samchundang Lercanidipine tablet 10 mg (Sam Chun Dang Pharm. Co. Ltd., Korea, test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). After adding an internal standard (amlodipine maleate) to human serum, serum samples were extracted using hexan-isoamyl alcohol (100:1, v/v). Compounds were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 0.05-20 ng/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The lower limit of quantitation using 0.5 mL of serum was 0.05 ng/mL which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. Thirty healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the lercanidipine hydrochloride dose of 20 mg in a $2\;{\times}\;2$ crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. Serum concentrations of lercanidipine were monitored by an LC/MS/MS fer over a period of 24 hr after the administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (the maximum serum drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (the time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the serum concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters, indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for Samchundang Lercanidipine/Zanidip were log 0.9505-log 1.2258 and log 0.9987-log 1.2013, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.80-log 1.25. Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating Samchundang Lercanidipine tablet 10 mg and Zanidip tablet are bioequivalent.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.11c
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• pp.39-41
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• 2002

Management of internal Internet servers is increasingly becoming an important task. According to meet this requirement, they use service log analysis tools and network monitoring tools. But these are not enough to produce advanced management information considering contents of Internet services. Therefor we propose a system and let it detect Internet server systems existing in internal network and individuate those systems with providing profile. Internet server profile includes system's basic information, network traffic information, and Internet service usage information.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.969-976
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• 2013

The information protection systems of company are intended to detect all weak points, intrusion, document drain. All actions of people in company are recorded and can check persistently. On the other hand, what analyze security log generated by these systems becomes more difficult. Most staff who manages the security systems, and analyze log is more incomprehensible than a user or a person of drain for an information distribution process of the work-site operations and the management procedure of the critical information. Such a reality say the serious nature of the internal information leakage that can be brought up more. While the research on the big data proceeds actively recently, the successful cases are being announced in the various areas. This research is going to present the improved big data processing technology and case of the security field.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2002

Flacherie symptom was found in the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori. The bacterial pathogen was isolated from the hemolymph of the infected silkworm and identified. The isolated bacteria caused a significant flacherie pathogenicity to the fifth instar larvae of B. mori when $5{\times}10^{6}$ cfu (colony-forming unit) of the bacteria was injected into each larva. The infected larvae began to die at 6 days after injection and resulted in complete mortality at 10 days. The bacterium was identified as Staphylococcus gallinarum based on the morphological and physiological characteristics described in Bergey's manual. This identification was further supported by the characters of carbohydrate utility analyzed from a bacterial identification system ($MicroLog^{\circledR}$) and also by the molecular structure of 165-23S rDNA internal transcribed spaces. As an insecticidal action, S. gallinarum caused hemolymph septicemia by its cytotoxic effect on the hemocytes of B. mori.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2020

Background: It is not evident that the attributable risk of smoking on mortality in Korea has decreased. We investigated the impact of smoking on all-cause mortality and estimated the attributable risk of smoking in Korean adults. Methods: Those aged ≥20 years with smoking history in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2007-2015 were enrolled. We categorized the participants into three groups as follows: never smoker, <20 pack-years (PY) smokers, and ≥20 PY smokers. We applied inverse probability weighting using propensity scores to control various confounders between the groups. All-cause mortality risks were compared between the groups using the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. The effects of smoking-attributable risks (ARs) on mortality were also calculated. Results: A total of 50,458 participants were included. Among them, 19,334 (38.3%) were smokers and 31,124 (61.7%) were never smokers. Those with a smoking history of 20 PY or more (≥20 PY smokers), those with a smoking history of less than 20 PY (<20 PY smokers), and never smokers were 18.1%, 20.2%, and 61.7%, respectively, of the study population. Smokers had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to never smokers (log-rank test p<0.01). The ARs of smoking were 21.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7%-37.9%) and 9.0% (95% CI, 6.1%-12.0%) in males and females, respectively. ARs decreased from 24.2% to 19.5% in males and from 9.5% to 4.1% in females between 2007-2010 and 2011-2015. Conclusion: Our study using KNHANES IV-VI data demonstrated that smoking increased the risk of all-cause mortality in a dose-response manner and the ARs of smoking on mortality were 21.8% in males and 9.0% in females during 2007-2015. This suggests that the ARs of smoking on mortality have decreased since around 2010.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.153-167
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• 2008

High temperature and natural sun light are considered as the core conditions for high quality and large quantity of Phellinus baumii production. However still now on there has been a mistake of excessively cutting off the natural light by spreading the closing nets on the mushroom cultivating house. For an example there are many houses where the closing nets under the roofs be extended to cover the sides of the houses, which way prevents the mushrooms in the houses from receiving sufficient natural sun light and getting the temperature sufficiently to grow so that the quantity and quality of the produced mushrooms are lowered even though the mushrooms can grow in those conditions. In order to avoid this mistake, the closing nets must be placed on the roofs of the houses only without dropping them to cover the sides. Further more when the closing nets are placed triply at the beginning stage of Phellinus baumii's growth in the house, the nets restrain the internal temperature of the house going up and intercept the natural bright light flowing into the house so that the growing tardiness occur to the Phellinus baumii. Therefore the roof only must have been covered by the closing net for 65% cutting off the light until May, and then covered by double folded the net for June, triple folded the net for July and August, double folded the net for September, and the single net for October. When the ventilation in the house has been maintained until the house tightly balloon out through controling lifting force of internal air, the Phellinus baumii can grow well while the bed logs themselves aren't dried out. Marketing is also very much important as well as increasing quality and quantity of Phellinus baumii production.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.645-661
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• 2009

The water extract of Dohongsamul-Tang(DHSMT) has been traditionally used to stroke and brain injuries in Oriental Medicine. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DHSMT on the gene expression profile of cerebral infarction by cDNA microarray in photothrombotic ischemia mouse model. Photothrombotic ischemia was induced in stereotactically held male BALB/c mice using rose bengal and cold light. MRI was performed 24 hours after inducing photothrombosis using 1.5 T MRI and 47 mm surface coil to obtain T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced images. After MRI test, animal was sacrificed and the brain sections were stained for hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. MRI and histological analysis revealed that lesion of thrombotic ischemia was well induced in the cortex with the evidence of biological courses of infarction. The target area of thrombotic infarction was 1 mm anterior to bregma and 3 mm lateral to midline with 2 mm in diameter, which were decreased by administration of DHSMT. To assess gene expression pattern of cerebral infarction, mRNA was isolated and reacted with microarray chip(Agilant's DNA Microarray 44K). Scatter and MA plot analysis were performed to clustering of each functional genes. M value [M=log2(R/G), A={log2(R ${\times}$ G)}/2] was between -0.5 and +0.5 with 40% difference. After pretreatment with DHSMT, the expression levels of mRNA of many genes involved in various signaling pathway such as apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, response to oxidative stress, immune response, angiogenesis, and inflammatory cytokine were markedly inhibited in photothrombotic ischemia lesion compared to the control group. These results suggest that DHSMT prevent ischemic death of brain on photothrombotic ischemia model of mice through modulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2002

Background: Bronchial reactivity is known to be a component of airway hyperresponsiveness, a cardinal feature of asthma, with bronchial sensitivity, and is increments in response to induced doses of bronchoconstrictors as manifested by the steepest slope of the dose-response curve. However, there is some controversy regarding methods of measuring bronchial reactivity and clinical impact of such measurements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance and assess the clinical use by analyzing the relationship of the bronchial sensitivity, the clinical severity and the changes in pulmonary function with bronchial reactivity. Method: A total of 116 subjects underwent a methacholine bronchial provocation test. They were divided into 3 groups : mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate and cough asthma. Severe patients were excluded. Methacholine PC20 was determined from the log dose-response curve and PC40 was determined by one more dose inhalation after PC20. The steepest slope of log dose-response curve, connecting PC20 with PC40, was used to calculate the bronchial reactivity. Body plethysmography and a single breath for the DLCO were done in 43 subjects before and after methacholine test. Results: The average bronchial reactivity was 38.0 in the mild intermittent group, 49.8 in the mild persistent group, 61.0 in the moderate group, and 41.1 in the cough asthma group. There was a weak negative correlation between PC20 and bronchial reactivity. A heightened bronchial reactivity tends to produce an increased clinical severity in patients with a similar bronchial sensitivity and basal spirometric pulmonary function. There were significant correlations between the bronchial reactivity and the initial pulmonary function before the methacholine test in the order of sGaw, Raw, $FEV_1$/FVC, MMFR. There were no correlations between the bronchial sensitivity and the % change in the pulmonary function parameters after the methacholine test. However, there were significant correlations between the bronchial reactivity and the PEF, $FEV_1$, DLCO. Conclusion: There was weak significant negative correlation between the bronchial reactivity and the bronchial sensitivity, and the bronchial reactivity closely reflected the severity of the asthma. Accordingly, measuring both the bronchial sensitivity and the bronchial reactivity can be of assistance in assessing of the ongoing disease severity and in monitoring the effect of therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Assurance Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.125-130
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• 2004

The Internet is aggregate of trustless networks essentially. Because the Internet is very difficult to control flowing of information, taking advantage of enough sporadic resource, security problem that can protect internal important stock from the Internet is risen seriously. Recently, virus accident and generation rate about system intrusion that happen become much higher and various than past. On these time, is progressing researcher for invasion cutout to keep away illegal act vigorouslyand do continuous development. In this paper, reporting administrator log information about invader's illegal act depending on XML format form, and I wished to solve problem that happen in administration side developing invasion interception system that can control to remote.