• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.401-409
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• 1992

Genotype $\times$ environment (G $\times$ E) interactions must be understood if they are to be exploited to improve animal production, particularly in production systems associated with large environmental variations. The measurement and evaluation of G $\times$ E are discussed. Examples are presented that demonstrate G $\times$ E in different breeds of beef cattle for high temperatures, internal and external parasites and changes in quantity and quality of nutrition. It is demonstrated that productivity differences between genotypes or breeds under grazing conditions arise because of differences between genotypes in the combination of production potential and resistance to environmental stresses in relation to the levels of the relevant environmental stresses that are operating at the time. The $F_1$ cross between genotypes with high production potential (e.g. European Bos Taurus breeds) and those with high resistance to environmental stress (e.g. Asian and African Bos indicus and sanga breeds) is an exceptional genotype with a unique combination of these two sets of attributes. The principles for G $\times$ E developed for beef cattle are briefly discussed in relation to dairy cattle, pigs, poultry and buffalo.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 1994

The disease syndrome characterized by the acute vomiting and diarrhea with high mortality had been greatly epidemic in Kyungbuk West Area since March 1990 and it was followed serologically for the classification of the agent. The agent present in feces of dogs associated with this syndrome had characteristic feature in agglutinating pig red blood cells that was specifically inhibited by anti-CPV reference dog serum. This also showed the serological identity with the reference CPV antigen in Hemagglutinating inhibition test. The result obtained were summarized as follows : 1. During 5 years(March. 1990∼September. 1994), 1,470 dogs were investigated on the actual condition of CPV infections. The Infection rate of CPV from dogs was 62.5% and mortality rate was 59.8%. 2. Among 24 fecal samples collected from the dogs with enteric disease, all showed the hemagglutinating activity to porcine erythrocyte ranging from 40 to 5,120 of HA titers. 3. Among 12 sera samples collected from the dogs with enteric disease, all showed the serological identity with the reference CPV antigen from 5 to 5,120 of HI titers. 4. Bacteriologic examination of fecal specimens resulted in the isolation of pathogeric bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, Escherichia coli and Bacillus. Cultures for salmonella sp and Clostridium remaind negative. 5. The prevalence and identification of internal parasites were determined by fecal examination using the floatation methods. From 20 fecal samples 12(60.0%) were isolated and their species were Toxacara canis, Toxascaris leonina, and coccidium.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-68
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• 2001

Purpose : This Study was conducted to evaluate clinical manifestations of abdominal pain(AP) in childhood according to its symptoms and to find out characteristic of children with abdominal pain. Methods : Pacients who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Medical hospital from August to November 2001 due to abdominal pain were included. According to questionaire and history taking abdominal pain was classified by its six subtype in the Oriental Pediatic Text Book and Dong Eui Bo Gam(東醫寶鑑). Result : According to the Oriental Pediatic Text Book, among 41 children, 31.7% had symptoms of AP caused by cold in internal organs of deficiency(臟腑虛冷腹痛), 29.3% had symptoms of AP caused by diet(食積腹痛), 19.5% had symptoms of AP caused by cold(寒腹痛), 9.8% had symptoms of AP caused by both cold and diet, 7.3% had symptoms of AP caused by internal diet and external cold(內食外寒腹痛), 2.4% had symptoms of AP caused by stagnation of Ki and stasis of blood(氣滯血瘀腹痛). There is no AP caused by parasites(蟲腹痛). Otherwise, according to Dong Eui Bo Gam, 43.9% had symptoms of AP caused by cold, 26.8% had symptoms of AP caused by diet, 9.8% had symptoms of AP caused by both cold and diet, 7.3% had symptoms of AP caused by fire(熱腹痛), 7.3% had symptoms of AP caused by phlegm(痰飮腹痛), 4.9% had symptoms of AP caused by stagnated blood(瘀血腹痛). Also There is no AP caused by parasites. Conclusion : 1. The type of AP in Childhood is different from AP in adults. AP in Childhood is most occured by cold of deficiency and food, and there is few AP caused by fire. Six subtype in Dong Eui Bo Gam prefer adults to children and It is more studied that what kind of subtype is proper for AP caused by stress or drugs. So the study on subclassification and clinical Manifestations of AP in Childhood is more performed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.43 no.1 s.133
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

The prevalence of parasitic infections was investigated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (n = 105) who visited Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, during the period from 1995 to 2003. Fecal samples were collected from 67 patients for intestinal parasite examinations, and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 60 patients for examination of Pneumocystis carinii. Both samples were obtained from 22 patients. Thirty-three ($31.4\%$) of the 105 were found to have parasitic infections; Cryptosporidium parvum ($10.5\%$; 7/67), Isospora belli ($7.5\%$; 5/67), Clonorchis sinensis ($3.0\%$; 2/67), Giardia lamblia ($1.5\%$; 1/67), Gymnophalloides seoi ($1.5\%$; 1/67), and Pneumocystis carinii ($28.3\%$; 17/60). The hospital records of the 11 intestinal parasite-infected patients showed that all suffered from diarrhea. This study shows that parasitic infections are important clinical complications in HIV-infected patients in the Republic of Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.168-173
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• 2005

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common intracellular parasites, of which 350 million people worldwide are chronic carriers. It also related to a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In general, it has been well known that HBV is a noncytolytic virus, so not the virus itself but any unfavorable response by host immune cells and inflammatory cytokines mainly result in chronic liver injury. From this viewpoint, we hopefully assume that Oriental therapies based on immunologic strategies may be able to provide a therapeutic alternative for caring for these illnesses. We also need to be thoroughly familiar with information about HBV epidemiology and the pathologic process of chronic HBV carriers. In this study, to clarify the important considerations of HBV infection and the high risk of HBV induced life-threatening diseases, we introduced our pilot practices given to the patients and the possibility of Oriental therapies as a novel strategy for chronic HBV carriers.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2018

This study aimed to develop a new multiplex real-time PCR detection method for 3 species of waterborne protozoan parasites (Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis) identified as major causes of traveler's diarrhea. Three target genes were specifically and simultaneously detected by the TaqMan probe method for multiple parasitic infection cases, including Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, glutamate dehydrogenase for G. lamblia, and internal transcribed spacer 1 for C. cayetanensis. Gene product 21 for bacteriophage T4 was used as an internal control DNA target for monitoring human stool DNA amplification. TaqMan probes were prepared using 4 fluorescent dyes, $FAM^{TM}$, $HEX^{TM}$, $Cy5^{TM}$, and CAL Fluor $Red^{(R)}$ 610 on C. parvum, G. lamblia, C. cayetanensis, and bacteriophage T4, respectively. We developed a novel primer-probe set for each parasite, a primer-probe cocktail (a mixture of primers and probes for the parasites and the internal control) for multiplex real-time PCR analysis, and a protocol for this detection method. Multiplex real-time PCR with the primer-probe cocktail successfully and specifically detected the target genes of C. parvum, G. lamblia, and C. cayetanensis in the mixed spiked human stool sample. The limit of detection for our assay was $2{\times}10$ copies for C. parvum and for C. cayetanensis, while it was $2{\times}10^3$ copies for G. lamblia. We propose that the multiplex real-time PCR detection method developed here is a useful method for simultaneously diagnosing the most common causative protozoa in traveler's diarrhea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1991

This report was undertaken to examine the correlationship between internal parasite infection and amount of milk production before and after vermicidal administration on F. hepatica and gastrointestinal nematoda infected cattle. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. Out of total number(358), the ratios of parasitic infected catle were 43.5%(156). Among them milking cattl. and Korean native cattle were 52.7% and 31.6%, respectively. 2. In this examination, 10 kinds of parasites were detected. Among them F. hepatica was encountered most frquently and also Buxtonella, Paramphistoma, Coccidim, Cestoda, and Trichur were encountered in order. 3. The average increased amount of milk production after vermicidal administration on F. hepatica and gastrointestinal nematoda infected cattle was 1.1Kg per day.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 1991

In the late summer of 1990 and 1991, mass mortality occured among cage-cultured grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus in south cost of Korea. The moribund fish didn't feed and became pale or dark chestnut colour and irregularly swimmed due to the loss of equilibrium, finally the diseased fish fell down side away on the bottom or the surface of cage showing the bent of body and died. The diseased fish showed the extensive hemorrahge in brain, the swelling of spleen and bile duct as the specific syptoms of internal organs. So the gill, skin and other organs of the diseased fish were examined for the presence of pathogenic parasites and bacteria. The parasitic Trichodina sp. were detected only from the gill lamella of the diseased fish, but these parasites seemed to be not a direct causative agents that induced the gross mortality of the cultured grouper. because these parasites were also observed in normal grouper, yellowtail, red seabream and rock bream co-cultured with the diseased grouper in same or near cages. In the viral examination, although isolation of the causative agent by the use of estabilshed cell Lines, RTG-2 and CHSE-214, was not succeed, the normal grouper inoculated intramuscularly with the filtered homogenate of the organs of the diseased fish showed the same external and internal signs with the naturally infected grouper. They died within a week. By using the naturally and the artificially infected fishes, electron microscopic observation revealed numerous hexagonal or polygonal particles in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Based on the these results, we suggest that the mass mortality of the cultured grouper would be occurred by the infection of a viral agent.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2021

Eosinophilic meningitis is defined as the presence of more than 10 eosinophils per µl in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or eosinophils accounting for more than 10% of CSF leukocytes in patients with acute meningitis. Parasites are the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide, but there is limited research on patients in Korea. Patients diagnosed with eosinophilic meningitis between January 2004 and June 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea were retrospectively reviewed. The etiology and clinical characteristics of each patient were identified. Of the 22 patients included in the study, 11 (50%) had parasitic causes, of whom 8 (36%) were diagnosed as neurocysticercosis and 3 (14%) as Toxocara meningitis. Four (18%) patients were diagnosed with fungal meningitis, and underlying immunodeficiency was found in 2 of these patients. The etiology of another 4 (18%) patients was suspected to be tuberculosis, which is endemic in Korea. Viral and bacterial meningitis were relatively rare causes of eosinophilic meningitis, accounting for 2 (9%) and 1 (5%) patients, respectively. One patient with neurocysticercosis and 1 patient with fungal meningitis died, and 5 (23%) had neurologic sequelae. Parasite infections, especially neurocysticercosis and toxocariasis, were the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Korean patients. Fungal meningitis, while relatively rare, is often aggressive and must be considered when searching for the cause of eosinophilic meningitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.465-469
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• 1998

Acute respiratory failure with diffuse pulmonary infiltration was occurred in a patient with malignant lymphoma 1month after the $8^{th}$ CHOP chemotherapy. The ground glass and consolidation appearances on chest C-T in this immunodeficient patient could be presented in many clinical situations such as pneumonia by opportunistic infections (fungal, parasites, viral, and usual bacterial pathogens), anti-tumor drug's pulmonary toxicity and tumor invasion. And the other diseases of acute interstitial pneumonitis, alveolar proteinosis, BOOP, puhnonary edema and alveolar hemorrhage, which could present the same radiological findings, should included in differential diagnosis. This patient was diagnosed as the opportunistic pneumonia by Pneumocystis carinii and probably Cytomegalovirus through bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy