• Title/Summary/Keyword: Internal Motor

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Modeling and Dynamic Analysis for Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems (전기 자동차 파워트레인의 모델링 및 동특성 분석)

  • Park, Gwang-Min;Lee, Seong-Hun;Jin, Sung-Ho;Kwak, Sang-Shin
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.48 no.6
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    • pp.71-81
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    • 2011
  • Unlike a typical internal combustion engine vehicle, the powertrain system of the pure electric vehicle, consisting of battery, inverter and motor, has direct effects on the vehicle performance and dynamics. Then, the specific modeling of such complex electro-mechanical components enables the insight into the longitudinal dynamic outputs of the vehicle and analysis of entire powertrain systems. This paper presents the dynamic model of electric vehicle powertrain systems based on theoretical approaches to predict and analyze the final output performance of electric vehicles. Additionally, the correlations between electric input signals and the final output of the mechanical system are mathematically derived. The proposed model for powertrain dynamics of electric vehicle systems are validated with a reference electric vehicle model using generic simulation platform based on Matlab/Simulink software. Consequently, the dynamic analysis results are compared with electric vehicle simulation model in some parameters such as vehicle speed/acceleration, and propulsion forces.

Studies on the Steady State and Dynamic Characteristics of a Carbon Dioxide Air-Conditioning System for Vehicles (자동차용 이산화탄소 냉방 시스템의 정상상태 및 동적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Min-Su;Kim, Sung-Chul;Kim, Dal-Won;Kim, Min-Soo
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.31 no.6 s.261
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    • pp.531-538
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    • 2007
  • In this study, an air conditioning system using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant was developed for automotive cabin cooling. Experiments have been carried out to examine the steady state and dynamic characteristics of this system. The system consists of a compressor, a gas cooler, an evaporator, an expansion device, an internal heat exchanger and an accumulator. The compressor is a variable displacement type, driven by the electric motor, and the gas cooler and the evaporator are aluminum extruded heat exchangers of micro channel type. The $CO_2-refrigerant$ charge, the compressor speed, the air inlet temperature of the gas cooler, the air inlet temperature and the air flow rate of the evaporator and the cooling load are varied and the performance of the system is experimentally investigated. As the compressor speed increased, cooling capacity increased, but the coefficient of performance was deteriorated. As the cabin air temperature or the air flow rate to the cabin was set high, both the cooling capacity and the COP increased. In the cool down experiment with 1.0 or 2.0 kW of heat load, the dynamic characteristics of the air-conditioning system were investigated. For a given capacity of compressor, cool down speed was monitored, and the temperature change was acceptable fur low heat load condition.

Central Localization of Neurons Projecting to the Uterus and Sanyinjiao(Sp6) (자궁과 삼음교에서 투사하는 충추신경계내 신경원의 표지영역에 관한 연구)

  • 이창현;강윤석;이광규;이상룡;육상원
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2001
  • This experimental studies was to investigate location of labeled neurons in CNS following injection of pseudorabies virus(PRV), Bartha strain, into the uterus and Sanyinjiao(Sp6) of rats. After survival times of 4-5 days following the injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their brain and spinal cord were frozen sectioned($30\mu\textrm{m}$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the spinal cord, overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to uterus and Sp6 were observed in lamina VII, IX and X areas of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, overlap areas were observed in lamina IV, VII, X and intermediolateral n.. In lumbar segments, overlap area of PRV labeled neurons were observed in lamina I, V-VII, IX, X and intermediolateral n.. In sacral segments, overlap areas of PRY labeled neurons were observed in lamina N, V, VII, X and sacral parasympathetic n.. 2. In the brain, overlap areas of PR V labeled neurons projecting to the uterus and Sp6 were observed in lateral paragigantocellular n., rostroventrolateral reticular n., raphe obscurus n., raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., locus coeruleus n., Barrington's n., A5 cell group, central gray n., paraventricular hypothalamic n. and arcuate n. This results suggest that overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the uterus and Sp6 might be the first-order neurons related to the viscera-somatic sensory and sympathetic preganglionic neurons. PRV labeled neurons of the brain may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle of uterus. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitoring the internal environment. These overlap areas of spinal cord and brainmay be related to autonomic centers related to regulation of uterus.

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A Study on Deformation Behavior of Thrust Cut Off System under High Pressure (고압하 추력중단장치의 변형거동 연구)

  • Park Sung-Han;Chang Hong-Been;Lee Hwan-Gyu;Kang Moon-Jung;Kim Jae-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2005
  • Thrust cut off(TCO) system is installed at the port of a rocket motor case forward dome. The snap ring and the closure are escaped sequentially by pulling out a wedge under internal pressure. The hydraulic structural tests of TCO and numerical simulations were performed, and both results were compared to understand the deformation behavior of TCO. By increasing splines symmetrically, the sealing capacity of TCO can be improved significantly. The escape pressure of TCO increases according to the increase of friction coefficient and there is a critical friction coefficient beyond which the snap ring can not be nearly escaped even after forced escape of wedge. Under low friction coefficient the snap ring is contracted to radial direction and easily escaped. But, under high friction coefficient, the snap ring can not be escaped from the port even after severe plastic deformation.

The Development of Infants and Toddlers: A Rating Scale for Teachers (교사 평정용 영아발달 평가도구)

  • Lee, Young Ja;Lee, Jong Sook;Shin, Eun Soo;Kwak, Hyang Lim;Lee, Jeong Wuk
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.255-275
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to construct a rating scale of infant and toddler development for the use of teachers in their observations of children during daily activities. The scale consists of 201 items measuring motor, self-help, socio-communicative, socio-emotional, and cognitive development. Quality, reliability and validity were examined with the use of a nation-wide sample of 1,245 children from classes of 1- and 2-year-olds. Tests on validity and reliability were high in terms of content validity evaluated by early childhood professionals, concurrent validity with the Bayley Scale, internal consistency among raters, and test-retest reliability. Factor analysis showed that the developmental areas of infants and toddlers are not clearly differentiated but are interrelated with each other. The scale was standardized by providing nation-wide norms with raw scores, percentiles, and standardized scores.

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Tracking Position Control of DC Motor on LonWorks/IP Virtual Device Network with Time Delay (시간지연을 갖는 LonWorks/IP 가상 디바이스 네트워크에서 직류모터의 위치추종제어)

  • Song Ki-Won
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.43 no.4 s.310
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 2006
  • The network induced transmission delay deteriorates the performance and stability of the real-time distributed control system on LonWorks over IP (LonWorks/IP) virtual device network (VDN). LonWorks/IP virtual device network is an integrated form of LonWorks device network and IP data network. The time delay in servo control on the LonWorks/IP-based VDN has highly stochastic nature. In the real-time distributed servo applications for predictive maintenance on the factory floor, timely response is essential.

Detectability Evaluation for Alert Sound in an Electric Vehicle (전기자동차의 경고음에 대한 인지성 평가)

  • Han, Man Uk;Lee, Sang Kwon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.41 no.10
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    • pp.923-929
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    • 2017
  • Generally, the sound emitted from a vehicle powered by an electric motor is lower than that of internal combustion engine vehicles. Therefore, pedestrians often cannot detect approaching electric vehicles. Therefore, a certain additional warning sound is required for these types of automobiles. In this study, to develop an audible warning sound, nine warning sounds are designed based on signal processing and chord theory. The background noise measured on the road is also added to these synthetic sounds. The detectability of these warning sounds is evaluated by subjective tests. The sound metric is correlated to detectability and is investigated through psychoacoustic theory and subjective evaluation. It is determined that known psychoacoustic parameters such as loudness, sharpness, and roughness have a low correlation with detectability. However, it is found that the interval of harmonic sound correlates well with detectability.

A Case of Krabbe Disease with Infantile Spasm (영아 연축을 동반한 Krabbe병 1례)

  • Kim, Ja Kyoung;Kim, Dal Hyun;Kang, Bo Young;Kwon, Young Se;Hong, Young Jin;Son, Byong Kwan;Yoon, Hye Ran
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.95-99
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    • 2003
  • Krabbe disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder clinically characterized by retardation in motor development, prominent spasticity, seizures, and optic atrophy. Pathologically, there are many globoid cells in the white matter, in addition to the lack of myelin and the presence of severe gliosis. Hence Krabbe disease is known as globoid cell leukodystrophy. Biochemically, the primary enzymatic deficiency in Krabbe disease is galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase. Patients with Krabbe disease can be subdivided into the early-onset type and late-onset type, according to the onset of clinical manifestations. Most patients with early-onset type die before their second birthday. We describe a girl with Krabbe disease associated with uncontrolled seizures, which was confirmed with biochemical study and MRI. The clinical findings of this patient included hyperirritability, scissoring of the legs, flexion of arm, and clenching of the fists, and generalized tonic seizures. EEG showed hypsarrhythmia, and MRI demonstrated degenerative white matter changes in bilateral periventricular white matter, posterior rim of internal capsule, basal ganglia and brain stem on T2W1 and FLAIR image. The diagnosis was based on clinical features of progressive neurologic deterioration in conjunction with low galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase activity.

Engine Ignition Timing Control Circuit Using Microcomputer (마이크로 컴퓨터를 이용(利用)한 엔진점화시기(點火時期) 제어회로(制御回路))

  • Min, Y.B.;Lee, K.M.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 1987
  • In order to improve the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine, various ignition timing control systems were examined and the best one was chosen. The parts used for the systems were a microcomputer system with DAS, 8 bit output port (D-FLIP FLOP), three types of isolation circuit, two types of ignition timing pulse generator, three types of switching circuit and two types of high voltage ignition circuit. Most systems did not operate well due to the effects of electromagnetic waves and surge currents occurring when the ignition began or ended with resulting high voltage. The best ignition timing control system was found to be the combination of (microcomputer system)-(ignition timing pulse generator using step motor position control pick-up)-(switching circuit using TR logic)-(high voltage ignition circuit using CDI).

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Hydro-forming Process of Automotive Rear Sub-frame by Computer Simulation (CAE) (컴퓨터 시뮬레이션(CAE)을 이용한 자동차용 리어 서브-프레임의 하이드로-포밍 공정 개발)

  • Kim, Kee-Joo;Sung, Chang-Won;Baik, Young-Nam;Lee, Yong-Heon;Bae, Tae-Sung;Sohn, Il-Seon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 2008
  • The hydroforming technology has been spreaded dramatically in automotive industry last 10 years. Itmay cause many advantages to automotive applications in terms of better structural integrity of the parts, lower cost from fewer part count, material saving, weight reduction, lower springback, improved strength and durability and design flexibility. In this study, the whole process of rear sub-frame parts development by tube hydroforming using steel material having tensile strength of 440MPa grade is presented. At the part design stage, it requires feasibility study and process design aided by CAE (Computer Aided Design) to confirm hydroformability in details. Effects of parameters such as internal pressure, axial feeding and geometry shape in automotive rear sub-frame by hydroforming process were carefully investigated. Overall possibility of hydroformable sub-frame parts could be examined by cross sectional analyses. Moreover, it is essential to ensure the formability of tube material on every forming step such as pre-bending, preforming and hydroforming. In addition, all the components of prototyping tool are designed and interference with press is examined from the point of geometry and thinning.