• 제목/요약/키워드: Internal Factors

검색결과 4,173건 처리시간 0.043초

원발병소 블명의 경부림프절 전이의 치료결과 (Treatment Outcome of Metastatic Carcinoma of Cervical Lymph Node from an Unknown Primary)

  • 김규보;지의규;우홍균;김광현;성명훈;허대석;박찬일
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.137-142
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    • 2005
  • 목적: 원발병소 불명의 경부림프절 전이의 치료는 각 기관들의 치료원칙에 따라 경부림프절청소술, 림프절 절제술, 방사선치료 및 항암화학치료 등 다양한 조합의 치료가 적용되고 있다. 저자들은 서울대학교병원에서 원발병소 불명의 경부림프절 전이의 치료성적을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1981년 7월부터 1999년 6월까지 서울대학교병원 방사선종양학과에서 근치적 또는 수술 후 방사선치료를 받은 39명의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 방사선치료가 12명에서, 선행항암화학요법 및 방사선치료가 8명에서, 수술 및 수술 후 방사선치료가 18명에서 시행되었고, 1명은 선행항암화학요법, 경부림프절청소청술 및 수술 후 방사선치료를 받았다. 성별은 남자가 31명, 여자가 8명이었고, 연령의 중앙값은 55세였다. 결과: 전체 환자의 5년 생존율은 $55\%$였다. 치료방법에 따라 분석해보았을 때, 수술+방사선치료가 방사선 치료 단독 혹은 항암화학요법+방사선치료에 비해 우월한 5년 무병생존율을 보고하였다 ($78\%\;vs.\;48\%\;vs.\;19\%$). 그 외에 원발병소 발현여부가 무병생존율에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 원발병소 불명의 경부림프절 전이의 치료에 있어서 수술적 절제술 및 방사선치료의 병용요법이 방사선치료$\pm$항암화학요법에 비해 우월한 무병생존율을 보여주었다. 항암화학요법의 효과에 대해서는 추가 연구가 요망된다.

주산지 후지 사과의 내.외부 품질 특성 (Internal and External Quality of Fuji Apples)

  • 이주원;김선희;홍석인;정문철;박형우;김동만
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2003
  • 후지 사과의 품질분포 조사를 위하여 재배면적 기준으로 5지역(청송, 예천, 봉화, 상주, 예산)을 선정하여 이 지역으로 부터 생산된 후지 사과를 3년간 수집하여 외적, 내적 품질인자를 분석하였다. 후지 사과의 적색도 평균치는 88.94%이었고 년도별로는 3차년도가 93.88%로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 세로 크기는 평균 76.76mm 이고 가로 크기는 평균 87.17mm 이었으며 중량은 평균 276.749 이었다. 사과의 외관상 손상정도는 각각 평균 1.27점과 1.21점으로 물리적 손상이 병충해에 의한 손상보다 다소 많았다. 사과 품질에 있어서 가장 중요한 당도는 3년 평균치가 14.81$^{\circ}$Brix 이었고 편차는1.78$^{\circ}$Brix 이었다. 경도는 3년 평균값이 0.80kgf 이었고 pH는 3.98이었으며, 산도는 0.32%로 년도별로 차이가 크지 않았다 산지별로는 지역A의 적색도가 91.10%로 가장 높았고 지역D는 86.15%로 가장 낮았다. 크기는 종의 경우 지역B가 77.43mm로 가장 크고 지역A가 76.35mm로 가장 작았으며 횡의 크기는 지역C가 88.12mm로 가장 크고 지역D가 86.40mm로 가장 작았다. 중량은 지역B가 280.49g으로 최고치를, 지역D는 273.89g로 최저치를 보였다. 물리적 흠과 병충해에 의한 홈 또한 산지별로 차이는 있었으나 그 차이는 매우 작았다. 당도는 지역I가 15.32$^{\circ}$Brix로 가장 높았고 지역B가 14.58$^{\circ}$Brix로 가장 낮았다. 경도는 지역D와 E가 0.83kgf로 가장 단단한 것으로 나타났으며 지역C는 0.76kgf로 비교적 경도가 낮는 것으로 나타났다. pH는 지역A와 D가 4.01로 가장 높고 지역C가 3.88로 가장 낮았으며, 산도는 지역 A, C, E가 모두 0.33%로 가장 높았고 지역D가 0.31%로 가장 낮았으나 지역 간의 차이가 매우 작은 것으로 나타났다.

<황제내경(黃帝內經)>에 유입(流入)된 오행학설(五行學說)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A STUDY ON THE FIVE ELEMENT THEORY INTODUCED )

  • 김부환;박현국
    • 동국한의학연구소논문집
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    • 제1권
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    • pp.161-191
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    • 1992
  • The purpose of this study is how have the form and theory of the five element theory in the (黃帝內徑) by the investigation of the course of the course of the five element introduced the ancient oriental medicine from ancient oriental philosophy. The following results were obtained. 1. The five elements in (尙書) meaned the uses of water, fire, earth, wood, metal which were important in living. Because these had very important meaning in ancient political and economic society, emphasized to big law(洪範) 2. The five elements in (左傳) and (國語) mean the five uses too, and there are the phases of "five win metal"(火勝金) and "wather win fire"(水勝火), but these only meaned the physical interrelation. 3. In the five circulating factor theory made by Chu Yen(鄒衍) which have the attribute of the five elements, he more reasonably had argued human affairs like that a dynasty become different in step with the circulating five favors. There is the regular annual policy in the (呂氏春秋) which closely connected nature and human living, and attached the various colors, animals, visceras, flavors, sounds, the sexagenary cycle and so on to the five elements. 4. In the (春秋繁露) writed in fore-period of Han(漢) dynasty, the interactions of the five elements are concretely applicated to policy, Dong Jung Soe(童仲舒) had discrived the interactions of the five elements by Dong Lyu Sang Dong theory(同類相動說) and the misfortune theory(災異說), emphasized the sympathy of nature and human. Thought there is many content which are superstitious and contradictory, I concider which that affcted many effects in the formation of five element theory of oriental medicine. In the (淮南子) the order of matters were explained by the five element theory too, as the interrelations of the five elements were explained by the sexagenary ctcle, I assume that the bud of O-Un theory(五運理論). And there was not founded the fullscale intriduction of the five element theory in the Ma Wang Tye(馬王堆) excavated finds, the Mu Yyi medical writings formed the dynasty(武威漢代醫簡) and the documents about Pyun Jak(偏鵲) and Sun U Ie(淳于意). 5. The application of the five element theory in the (Whang Di Nei Qing) (黃帝內徑) is devided into the attachement to the five elements, the interelations of the five elments, and Un Gi theery(運氣論). In the attachment to the five elemeant theory, it made the attachment of the five viseras of (今文尙書) party a standard and attached the sections of a human body, the whole internal organs of sense, the five colors, the five flavors and the five sounds and so on to the five elements. It put to use by means of the apllivation of the interrelation of the five elements in the transferations of the diseases and the relative severeness of a disease in step with change of time and season. Un Gi theory(運氣論) which synthesized by the attachment to the five elements, the inter-relations of the five elements and the climate which observerd from ancient times systematically argued the effects of weather to human. 6. The application of the five elements theory in (黃帝內徑) have the significant what had get rid of irrational factors like that the emotion and action of human could to influense the weather, what had been formes more rational thingking by the obesrvation of human and nature. It is required more reserches about the possibility of the formation of the doctrinal faction bt the geographical effect of the Yon, Je(燕,薺) region, the application of the five element theory in other ancient medical books and the relationship of the five element theory and Yin Yang(陰陽)

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초기진단 고지혈증 환자의 식습관 조사와 양파가루 섭취가 혈중지질에 미치는 영향 연구 (Study on Dietary Habit and Effect of Onion Powder Supplementation on Serum Lipid Levels in Early Diagnosed Hyperlipidemic Patients)

  • 이경혜;김양하;박은주;조성래
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제37권5호
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    • pp.561-570
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 고지혈증 판정을 받은 $40{\sim}50$대 남성 14명에게 12주 동안의 양파가루 섭취가 고지혈증의 완화에 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위해 양파섭취 전과 후의 식이조사, 식생활조사, 식습관 조사 및 혈 중 지질의 변화를 비교 고찰하였다. 고지혈증 환자의 대부분이 식사 시에 ‘콜레스테롤’, ‘지방’을 주의한다고 하였다. 건강유지 방법으로는 주로 ‘운동’을 생각하고 있었다. 지방 식품의 섭취빈도는 ‘기름이 많은 고기 버터, 생크림’은 ‘1주일에 $3{\sim}5$일(12명)’, ‘계란노른자, 어육류 내장, 오징어’는 ‘1주일에 $3{\sim}5$일’(9명), ‘기름이 많은 음식, 마요네즈’는 1주일에 $3{\sim}5$일’(8명)로 나타났다. 열량영양소의 섭취비율은 고지혈증 치료지침에 비하여 당질은 낮게, 지방과 콜레스테롤은 다소 높게 섭취하고 있었다. 조사요인들 간의 상관관계에서는 외식 빈도의 증가에 따라 알코올 섭취량이 증가하는 것(p<0.01)으로, 알코올 섭취량은 BMI에도 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 운동의 경우 HDL-콜레스테롤에는 양의 상관성(p<0.01)을, AI에는 음의 상관성(p<0.05)을 보이면서 영향을 주었다. 양파가루 섭취 후의 건강의 느낌 변화 및 기대에서는 대부분의 환자들 (12명)이 건강이 좋아질 것이라고 응답하였으며, 앞으로도 양파가루를 계속 섭취하겠다고 응답한 환자는 8명이었다. 양파가루 섭취로 환자의 체성분에서 어떤 유의적인 변화도 유발시키지 못하였다. 양파가루 섭취로 총 콜레스테롤 (p<0.01)과 LDL-콜레스테롤(p<0.01) 및 동맥경화지수 (p<0.05)가 유의적으로 감소하였고, GOT와 GPT는 변화가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 양파가루의 보충 섭취가 고지혈증 환자들에서 혈중 지질수준과 동맥경화지수를 유의적으로 감소시키는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 비록 정상 범위의 값을 보이고 있었으나 중성지방의 농도가 유의적으로 증가한 것은 유의해야 할 점이며 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 일부 환자들만을 상대로 12주간의 중재기간을 통한 실험을 하였으나 짧은 기간이었고, 위약군을 실시하지 못하여 양파의 충분한 효과를 논하기에는 부족한 점이 분명히 있다. 다만 다른 식생활의 변화나 약물의 사용 없이 양파가루의 섭취만으로 혈중 지질 값이 유의적으로 감소한 것은 양파의 기능성식품으로서의 가능성은 보여준 것으로 생각된다. 앞으로 더 많은 실험대상자들을 상대로 대조군과 실험군의 비교를 통한 장기간의 임상실험을 통하여 좀 더 깊이 있는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

임플란트 고정성 보철물에서 수와 식립위치 변화에 따른 골과 임플란트에서의 응력분포에 관한 3차원 유한요소법적 연구 (Effect of the Number and Location of Implants on the Stress Distribution in Three-unit Fixed Partial Denture: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis)

  • 이우현;임종화;조인호
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.221-239
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 임플란트 지지 3-unit 고정성 보철물에서 임플란트의 수와 위치변화에 따른 지지골과 임플란트에서의 응력 분포를 삼차원 유한요소분석법으로 관찰하고자 하였다. 3개의 임플란트를 중심선 일직선상에 나란히 식립한 모델과 중심선에서 제1대구치 임플란트를 협측으로 1.5mm offset 시키고 나머지 임플란트는 설측으로 1.5mm offset 시킨 모델 및 이와 반대로 offset 시킨 모델 그리고 2개의 임플란트를 이용하여 양단 지지한 모델과 근심 및 원심 캔틸레버 모델을 만들고, 교합력도 제2소구치에만 155N을 작용한 경우, 제2대구치에만 206N을 작용한 경우, 제1소구치에는 155N, 제1, 2대구치에는 각각 206N을 동시에 적용한 경우에 대해 각각 협측 교두에 설측방향으로 $30^{\circ}$ 경사하중을 적용시켰을 때와 치아 중심와에 수직하중을 적용했을 때에 대해 유한요소법을 이용하여 골과 임플란트에 발생하는 응력 분포를 관찰하였다. 이 같은 실험 결과를 바탕으로 각각의 응력을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 어떤 하중이 작용하더라도 더 많은 수의 임플란트를 이용하여 제작한 수복물이 골과 임플란트 자체에 작은 응력이 발생하였으며, 3개 구치 상실의 경우에 2개의 임플란트로 지지할때는 양단지지 수복물이 유리한 결과를 나타내었고, 중심와 수직하중이 아니고 협측경사 하중일 때는 협측으로 offset 한 것이 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

한국판 기분상태척도(K-POMS)의 표준화와 신뢰도와 타당도 평가 (Standardization and Reliability and Validity of the Korean Edition of Profile of Mood States(K-POMS))

  • 김의중;이상익;정도언;신민섭;윤인영
    • 수면정신생리
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.39-51
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    • 2003
  • POMS의 우수한 효용성을 국내에서도 활용하기 위해 K-POMS를 제작하여 그 신뢰도와 타당도를 점검하였고 만족할 만한 수준의 신뢰도와 타당도를 확보하였다. K-POMS의 요인 특성은 POMS와 비교하여 놀랄 만큼 유사한 특징을 보여준다. 단지 혼란-당황의 요소가 확실하지 않고 그 항목들이 여러 감정 요인에 나뉘어 부하되는 요인 분석 결과는 한국인의 정서와 그 표현이 영어권과 다를 가능성을 시사한다. 임상적으로 다양한 집단과 다양한 연령에 대한 자료를 보완하면 정신측정학적으로 훨씬 용이하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 나아가 이 연구에 나타난 제한점을 넘어서 한국인의 정서에 맞는 척도 항목을 개발하고 이 연구에서 나타난 '무기력과 불확실성' 요인이 일관성 있는 특성인지를 확인하는 작업이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

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성별에 따른 관상동맥 우회술의 장기 결과 (The Influence of Gender on the Long-term Outcome of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery)

  • 최종범;이미경;차병기;이삼윤
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.449-455
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    • 2006
  • 배경: 여성은 관상동맥 수술의 위험인자이고 관상동맥 우회술의 사망률도 여성이 남성보다 더 높은 것으로 보고되었었다. 그러나 장기 생존율에 대한 남녀 간 차이는 다양하다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년부터 1996년까지 일차적 관상동맥 우회술을 받은 147명(남 98명, 여 49명)의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 대부분의 환자들이 체외순환하에 좌측 속가슴동맥과 하지두렁정맥으로 관상동맥 우회술을 받았다. 성별에 따른 조기 수술결과 및 장기 생존율을 알아보고 성별 위험 인자를 찾아보았다. 결과: 여성군에서 수술 및 병원사망률은 없었으나 남성군에서는 3예(3.0%) 있었다. 평균 $138.5{\pm}23.0$개월의 추적기간 동안 여성에서 사망률이 더 낮았고(여성 10예, 20.4%, 남성 44예, 44.9%) (p=0.004), 여자에서 가장 많은 사망원인은 만성 신부전증(4예, 40%)이었으며 심장사망은 2예(20%)뿐이었다. 수술 후 여성군의 1년, 5년, 10년, 14년의 생존율은 각각 100%, $98.0{\pm}2.0%,\;81.2{\pm}5.6%,\;78.4{\pm}6.1%$로 남성군(각각 $93.9{\pm}2.4%,\;79.6{\pm}4.1%,\;60.2{\pm}5.1%,\;48.6{\pm}6.1%$)보다 매우 우수하였다(p=0.004). 수술 전 여성군의 좌심실 구혈률이 남성보다 더 우수하였으나 여성의 더 우수한 생존율에는 영향을 주지 못했다(p=0.15). 여성군의 장기 생존율에 영향을 주는 인자는 당뇨병(p=0.033)이었고 남성에서는 병변을 가진 혈관수(p=0.006)였다. 결론: 관상동맥 우회술을 받은 여성 환자들에서 장기 생존율은 남성보다 우수하며, 여성의 장기생존에 영향을 주는 인자는 심장질환보다는 동반 이환이었다.

기초간호자연과학의 인체구조와 기능 내용별 필요도에 대한 연구 (A Study on the Degree of Need of Human Structure and Function Knowledge in Clinical Nurses)

  • 최명애;변영순;서영숙;황애란;김희승;홍해숙;박미정;최스미;이경숙;서화숙;신기수
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to define the content of requisite human structure and function knowledge needed for clinical knowledge of nursing practice. Subjects of human structure and function were divided into 10 units, and each unit was further divided into 21 subunits, resulting in a total of 90 items. Contents of knowledge of human structure and function were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 college of nursing, and textbooks published by nurse scholars prepared with basic nursing sciences. The degree of need of 90 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospitals in Seoul and three university hospitals located in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, hospice ward, and their working period was mostly under 5 years. The results were as follows: 1. The highest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice were electrolyte balance, blood clotting mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, hematopoietic function, body fluid balance, function of plasma, and anatomical terminology in the order of importance. The lowest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice was sexual factors of genetic mutation. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was membrane transport in the living unit, anatomical terminology in movement and exercise unit, mechanism of hormone function in regulation and integration unit, component and function of blood in oxygenation function unit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive and energy metabolism unit, temperature regulation in temperature regulation unit electrolyte balance in body fluid and electrolyte unit, concept of immunity in body resistance unit, and genetics terminology in genetics unit. The highest order of importance according to subunit was membrane transportation in cell subunit, classification of tissues in tissue unit, function of skin and skin in skin subunit, anatomical derivatives of the skeleton subunit, classification of joints in joint subunit, an effect of exercise on muscles in muscle subunit, function of brain in nervous system subunit, special sense in sensory subunit mechanism of hormone function in endocrine subunit, structure and function of female reproductive system in reproductive system unit, structure and function of blood in blood unit, structure of heart, electrical and mechanical function in cardiovascular system unit, structure of respiratory system in respiratory system subunit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive system subunit, hormonal regulation of metabolism in nutrition and metabolism subunit, function of kidney in urologic system subunit, electolyte balance in body fluid, electolyte and acid-base balance subunit. 3. The common content of human structure and function knowledge need for all clinical areas in nursing was structure and function of blood, hematopoietic function, function of plasm, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, body fluid, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. However, the degree of need of each human structure and function knowledge was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as skin and derivatives of the skin, growth and development of bone, classification of joint, classification of muscle, structure of muscle, function of muscle, function of spinal cord, peripheral nerve, structure and function of pancrease, component and function of blood, function of plasma, structure and function of blood, hemodynamics, respiratory dynamics, gas transport, regulation of respiration, chemical digestion of foods, absorption of foods, characteristics of nutrients, metabolism and hormonal regulation, body energy balance were demonstrated according to the duration of work. 5. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as classification of tissue, classification of muscles, function of muscles, muscle metabolism, classification of skeletal muscles, classification of nervous system, neurotransmitters, mechanism of hormone function, pituitary and pituitary hormone, structure and function of male reproductive organ, structure and function of female reproductive organ, component and function of blood, function of plasma, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, gas exchange, gas transport, regulation of respiration, characteristics of nutrients, energy balance, function of kidney, concept of immunity, classification and function of immunity were shown according to the work area. Based on these findings, all the 90 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing Science should be included as contents of human structure and function knowledge.

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뇌졸중환자의 자가간호 수준과 가족구성원의 간호요구 (A Study on the Care Needs of Family-Caregivers and the Level of Self Care for Patients of Cerebral Vascular Accident(CVA))

  • 조영희
    • 기본간호학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.239-255
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to explore the care needs of family-caregivers caring for patients with a CVA and the level of self care of the patients. The subjects for the study were 112 patients with a CVA and their caregivers. These patients were seen in a hospital or out-patient-department(OPD) at two oriental medical hospital in Jeonbuk province. The survey instruments used in this study were Kang's ADL checklist for self care of patients and Kim's Likert-style checklist for care needs of family-caregivers to patient with CVA. The survey was conducted from July 4 to August 30, 1999. Internal validity by calculation of Cronbach's alpha was 0.95, which was regarded as high. The survey results were analyzed using the SPSS program, with percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The level of self care for patients with a CVA was : 1) complete dependence(M=14.9, 13.1%), 2) complete independence(M=23.6, 20.9%), 3) incomplete independence(M=23.9, 21.0%), 4) incomplete dependence(M=26.6, 25.0%), 5) dependence and independence(M=23.0, 20.0%). The items for which there was a high level of self care were : 1) drinking(M=3.62), 2) eating (M=3.25), 3) position returning(M=3.18) : and the items for which there was a low level of self care were : 1) ascending and descending stairs(M=2.08), 2) walking(M=2.47). 3) putting on and taking off trousers(M=2.55). 2. The mean score of the sum of the care needs of the family-caregivers was : 1) need for immediate care and help: 2) need of the way to communicate with patient: 3) need for education and assistance related to physical functional level: 4) need to be informed about the disease, treatment and care: 5) need for social support and consultation: 6) need for appreciation: 7) need for management of nursing problems related to immobility. The highest meed factor was the need for immediate care and help(M=3.47): and lowest need factor was the need for management of nursing problems related to immobility(M=2.80). 3. There were significant differences between the level of care need and general characteristic of the caregivers, there were family-caregivers age(P=0.001), marital status (P=0.276), occupation (P=0.006), monthly income(P=0.000), Patient's relationship to caregivers(P=0.004) and health(P=0.000). 4. There were significant differences between the level of self care and general characteristic of the patients, there were patient paralytic condition(P=0.01), blood pressure(P=0.01), and length of suffering(P=0.03). 5 There were significant differences between the level of care need and the general characteristic factors, which were CVA patient's blood pressure (P=0.05), problem of medical fee (P=0.05). 6. There was significantly correlation with the family-caregivers care need and the level of self care in the CVA patient(r=0.300, P=0.000). As a result, need to promote the level of self care in patients and to meet the care need of family-caregivers for more efficient nursing of CVA patients, is emphasized. Therefore more study is needed on an efficient way to provide rehabilitation and quality nursing interventions for family-caregivers and patients with CVA.

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과로로 인한 업무상 질병의 산재보상 인정기준에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Clauses of the Work-Related Disease due to Overwork in the Workmen's Compensation Law)

  • 김은희
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.23-43
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    • 1997
  • The work-related diseases due to continuous overwork are mainly cerebro- and cardio-vascular ones, which is commonly called 'Karoshi', death from overwork. Many factors are capable for Karoshi : occupational stress in relation to technological renovation and industrial rationalization, competitive social structure, and accumulated fatigue accured to long time or irregular working. And its occurence is on the rise. The World Labor Report 1993 released by ILO, pointed out the diseases related to overwork and stress as one of the most important occupational health problem. In Korea, social awareness of Karoshi is at an infant stage, and reliable statistics for its occurence are not compiled in a convenient manner. Despite the rising Karoshi, there are no reliable clauses in workmen's compensation enough to settle down the disputes. Therefore, it is not uncommon that the Labour Ministry and Civil Court find difficulties in reaching an agreement. This study was intended to provide proper compensation and prevention program for workers by suggesting reasonable compensation clauses for the death from overwork. This study consists of two comparative reviews on the compensaton clauses for the death from overwork. One is to review legal standards of Karoshi among three countries, such as Korea, Japan and Taiwan. The other is to investigate the cases of Karoshi in Korea, 121 cases identified at the Labor Welfare Corperation and the Labour Ministrial process of examination and reexamination, and 73 leading cases at the High Court of Justice. The main findings of the study are as follows : 1. Comparisons of comperative review on compensation clauses for the death from overwork among three countries. 1) All of three countries have the same kinds of disease for compensation, which were cerebro-and cardiao-vascular diseases, while for cardiac disease group, Korea has the smaller number of diseases for compensation than Japan. 2) As for the definition of overwork, the three countries share equally that overload for one week prior to collapse is considered as an important factor, but accumulated chronic fatigue is disregarded. 3) As the basis of overwork, in Japan, there is a tendency to move from the conditions of an ordinary healthy adult to those of the individual concerned in Japan, whereas there is no such concern yet in Korea. 4) All the three countries use a common standard of medical judgement in demonstrating causal relationship between a job and a disease. However, Korea is progressive in the sense that in the case of CVA at worksite, the worker himself has no obligation to prove the cause. 2. The results of a comparative review on excutive decisions by Labor Ministry and judicial decisions by the Court in Korea : A judicial decision is based on the legalistic probability, but a excutive decision is not. Therefore, excutive decisions have such restrictions that : 1) TIA (transitory ischemic cerebral attack) and myocarditis are excluded from compensation, and there is little consistency of decision in the case of cause-unknown death. 2) There is a tendency not to compensate for the death from overwork since the work terms such as repeated long-time working, shift work or night-shift work are not considered as overloading. 3) There is a tendency to regard the conditions of a ordinary healthy adult rather than those of the individual concerned(age, existing diseases, health state, etc.) as the comparative basis of overload. 4) There remains a tendency not to compensate for the death from overwork in the case of collapse occuring out of workplace, on the ground of 'on the course of working' and 'in the cause of accident'. Through the study, the fact manifests itself that Korea's compensation clauses for work-related diseases due to overwork are very restrictive. So, it is necessary to extend the Labor Ministry's clauses of compensation for the death from overwork following to the recent changes of other countries and internal judicial decisions. This is very important in the perspective of occupational health that aims at health promotion of workers including prevention of the Karoshi.

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