• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2019

Background: Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) is widely used for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, the utility of R-EBUS-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) for diffuse lung lesions (DLLs) remains unknown. We designed this study to evaluate the utility of R-EBUS-guided TBLB in DLLs. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients admitted from January 2016 to November 2017 who underwent TBLB for DLLs. The R-EBUS-guided TBLB and blind TBLB groups were compared. DLL was defined as any lung disorder that involved more than one segment of the lung. In both the groups, fluoroscopy and guided sheath were not used during TBLB. Results: A total of 127 patients underwent TBLB for DLLs (67 patients in the R-EBUS-guided TBLB group and 60 in the blind TBLB group). There were no differences in age, sex, and comorbid illnesses between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no difference in the TBLB diagnostic yield of the two groups (p=0.660) although more samples were collected from the R-EBUS-guided TBLB group (p=0.003). Procedure time was significantly longer in the R-EBUS-guided TBLB group than in the blind TBLB group (p<0.001). Thus, incidence of pneumothorax was significantly lower in the R-EBUS-guided TBLB group than in the blind TBLB group (p=0.032). Conclusion: Diagnostic yield in DLLs did not differ between the R-EBUS-guided TBLB and blind TBLB groups. Findings show that R-EBUS-guided TBLB in DLLs may reduce risk of pneumothorax.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.547-562
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• 2021

This paper aims to explore the mechanical behavior and moment-rotation model of blind bolted joints between concrete-filled double skin steel tubular columns and steel-concrete composite beams. For this type of joint, the inner tube and sandwiched concrete were additionally identified as basic components compared with CFST blind bolted joint. A modified moment-rotation model for this type of connection was developed, of which the compatibility condition and mechanical equilibrium were employed to determine the internal forces of basic components and neutral axis. Following this, load transfer mechanism among the inner tube, sandwiched concrete and outer tube was discussed to assert the action area of the components. Subsequently, assembly processes of basic coefficients in terms of their stiffness and resistances based on the component method by simplifying them as assemblages of springs in series or in parallel. Finally, an experimental investigation on four substructure joints with CFDST columns for validation purposes was carried out to capture the connection details. The predicted results derived from the mechanical models coincided well with the experimental results. It is demonstrated that the proposed mechanical model is capable of evaluating the complete moment-rotation relationships of blind bolted CFDST column composite connections.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.216-221
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and improve the indoor environment of the Atrium in summer. Thermal and daylighting performance was evaluated quantitatively by integrated simulation according to 4 types of shading device.(none shading, opaque shading, translucent shading, internal blind) As a result, with internal blind, the effects of isolating solar radiation and reducing indoor temperature are estimated to be decreased by about 90% and $3.2^{\circ}C$. In the outer shading device which is controled according to solar altitude, the effects of isolating solar radiation and reducing indoor temperature are revealed to be decreased by about 82% and $4.9^{\circ}C$.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.836-844
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• 2006

Background: Mahuang (Ephedra sinica STAPF) is well known as an herbal medicine and has been widely used to reduce body weight and increase athletic ability. However, as a result of reporting many cases of adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, use of dietary supplements containing ephedra was prohibited by the FDA. Objectives : The object of this study was to find the effectiveness of ephedra on weight loss without severe adverse effect. Methods : 16 healthy volunteers consisting of an ephedra group (N=8) and a placebo group (N=8) were investigated. Study form was a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The ephedra group took 12g of ephedra while the placebo group took 12g of glutinous rice powder. Both groups were measured with BCA (body composition analysis) on weight loss and with HRV (heart rate variability) on its adverse effect before and after medication. Results : The following results were obtained after taking 12g of ephedra for 14 days. In the ephedra group, body weight reduced significantly. In the placebo group, there were no significant differences of body weight between before and after placebo treatment. There was a slight increase of heart beat rate and deactivation of cardiac activity. Parasympathetic nerves were deactivated, but balances of autonomic nervous system were well maintained. Conclusions : The results suggest that ephedra in healthy adults tends to reduce body weight and deactivation of autonomic nervous system and cardiac activity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2007

Background : Over a thousand years of clinical preparation of Ephedrain traditional Korean medicine has confirmed effectiveness and security. Recently. Ephedra-containing herbal preparations to treat obesity are common. The aim of this study is to identify effects of Ephedra on psychological anxiety. Objectives : To determine effects of Ephedraon psychoactivity and autonomic nervous system. Methods : The study design was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The subjects of this study were healthy adults. They were allocated to either the Ephedragroup (N =66) or the placebo group (N =32), Ephedra(8 g) or a placebo in similar opaque capsules was given twice a day for 2 weeks. Anxiety score was estimated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before first and after last medication. 36 of the Ephedragroup and 24 of the placebo group finished the trial and were analyzed. Paired samples T-test and independent samples T-test were applied to statistical analysis. Results : The following result was obtained: After taking Ephedra. state anxiety increased significantly. In the placebo group. both state and trait anxiety increased although significance was not reached. Conclusions : It is concluded that the intake of Ephedraplays a significant role in the increase of anxiety in healthy adults. It is suggested that anxiety level change should be considered when using Ephedra in clinics.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2014

Nowadays, to make buildings light weight and aesthetically pleasing, curtain wall structure are commonly used. Therefore, window to wall ratio is increasing, which has caused cooling and heating load in crease in buildings as well. This phenomenon has negative impact from energy point of view. This paper analyzes window and wall convective heat gain when the slat reflectance of external and internal blinds are changed for the better understanding of the fundamentals behind the phenomena. It was observed that, if slat reflectance is increased, window transmitted solar increases and convection heat rate is clearly affected. Among six surfaces including four walls, ceiling and floor, maximum convection heat rate occurs on the south wall in summer. On the other hand, ceiling and floor showed the lowest convection heat gain, since they are shared by adjacent floors.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.854-859
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• 2006

This study aims to evaluate the effect on indoor environment by the application of the shading device on winter season. Therefore, thermal and visual experiments were conducted at two side-by-side mock-Lip test cells which were equipped with the shading device(venetian blind & roll blind) at interior and exterior side of the window. The results of this study are as follows: 1) At night of winter, the shading device can prevent internal heat from going out. 2) Exterior shading device is more effective in winter as well as in summer. 3) At daytime of winter, the shading device can provide the uniformity of illuminance, and the interior shading device is more effective.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2012

Objectives : This study investigated the effect of Sinseonbulchuidan (SBD-1) on hangover syndrome. We undertook this study to test whether SBD-1 is effective in preventing the signs and symptoms of alcohol-induced hangover. Methods : Fifteen healthy volunteers participated in this double-blind randomized crossover study. All participants received either SBD-1 or indistinguishable placebo capsules before alcohol consumption. The primary outcome measure was the difference in hangover severity scores between SBD-1 and placebo intervention. Secondary outcome measure was the difference in profile of mood states (POMS) between SBD-1 and placebo intervention. Results : After alcohol exposure, the overall symptom scores were significantly decreased in the SBD-1 group compared with those given a placebo. The mean scores for the hangover symptoms were high in the placebo group, and statistical significance was observed in 4 symptom scores (loss of appetite, stomachache, nausea, and total score). There were no differences in the POMS and cognitive performance test results between SBD-1 and placebo intervention. Conclusions : We conclude that the SBD-1 is effective in preventing the signs and symptoms of alcohol-induced hangover. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2011

Objectives : The present study was made to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Saengmaeg-san (生脈散) extract to treat xerostomia in stroke patients. Methods : The study design was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Subjects were stroke patients with xerostomia. They were allocated to either the Saengmaeg-san (n=12) or placebo group (n=12). Saengmaeg-san extract or a placebo in similar opaque capsules was given three times a day for a week. The improvement of xerostomia was measured by the xerostomia-evaluating questionnaire, developed by the school of dentistry in Seoul National University, before baseline and one week later. Eleven of the Saengmaeg-san group and ten of the placebo group finished the trial and were analyzed. Paired samples t-test and Mann-Whitney test were applied to statistical analysis. Results : On three of the six questions, the Saengmaeg-san group improved significantly. On two of the six questions, the Saengmaeg-san group improved significantly more than the placebo group. On the other questions, the Saengmaeg-san group improved more than the placebo group, although significance was not reached. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that Saengmaeg-san extract is effective for treating xerostomia in stroke patients, and further studies should be conducted to provide more valuable information.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2008

연구배경: 일반적으로 고식적 흉수천자가 어렵다고 판단되는 경우 초음파를 이용한 흉수천자를 영상의학과에 의뢰해 왔다. 영상의학과에 의뢰할 경우 검사를 위해 환자가 직접 이동해야 된다는 불편함과 영상의학과 스케줄에 따라 검사가 지연되거나 비용이 많이 드는 단점이 있다. 이에 저자들은 병실에서 내과 전공의들이 직접 초음파를 이용해서 흉수천자를 시행하는 단계를 포함해서 흉수가 있는 환자에게 접근해보았다. 방 법: 2003년 3월부터 2005년 6월까지 입원한 환자중 흉수가 확인된 환자들을 대상으로 하였고, 흉수의 양이 중등도 이상일 경우에는 고식적 천자를, 흉수의 양이 소량 이거나 소방이 형성된 경우 또는 고식적 천자를 실패 하였을 때에는 초음파를 이용한 천자를 시행하였다. 결 과: 총 89예의 연구대상 가운데 소방의 형성이 없으며 흉수의 양이 대량과 중등도의 양인 79예에서 고식적 흉수천자를 시행하여 74예에서 성공하였다. 고식적 흉수 천자가 실패한 5예와 흉수의 양이 소량인 7예 그리고 소방형성이 있는 3예를 합한 15예에서 초음파를 이용해서 흉수천자를 시행하였고 10예에서 성공하였다(66.7%). 소방이 형성된 3예는 모두 실패하였다. 이 3예를 제외하면 12예 중 10예에서 성공하여 83%의 성공률을 보였다. 2예(기흉 1예, 혈기흉 1예)에서 합병증이 발생하였다(13.3%). 결 론: 고식적 흉수천자가 실패하였거나 흉수의 양이 소량인 경우, 병실에서 내과 전공의가 초음파를 이용하여 흉수천자를 시행하는 것이 비교적 효과적이고 안전할 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 소방이 형성된 경우에는 영상의학과에 먼저 의뢰하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다.