• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether Temporomandibular Joint Balance Appliance-Golf (TBA-G) can improve postural control ability of healthy adults. Methods: Twenty participants (10 male, 10 female) aged 20 to 39 years were involved. Postural control ability of all participants was assessed before and after applying TBA-G with Balance $Master^{(R)}$ system. Modified clinical test sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB), unilateral stance, weight bearing and rhythmic weight shift were used to evaluate postural control ability. Results: After applying TBA-G, mCTSIB on a firm plate with eyes open increased from 0.2 to 0.23 (p<0.05) but directional control was improved in slow and moderate velocity of front/back rhythmic weight shift test (P<0.05). In two cases with postural imbalance, most of the postural control measures improved after applying TBA-G. Conclusions: The results suggest that TBA-G could improve balance control ability. A larger controlled trial is needed to determine more accurately the effect of TBA-G on balance control ability.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2011

Objective : Therapeutic effect of Balance Appliance of functional cerebrospinal technique (FCST) for meridian and neurologic yinyang balance was observed in one neck pain case. Method : A neck pain one case with 3 months of duration was managed by the Balance Appliance on temporomandibular joint (TMJ), combined with acupuncture and manual medicine. Results : Assessment was made by self assessment of subjective symptoms and clinical observation. The patient reported over-90% remission and returned to ordinary daily life after 1 months of therapy. Conclusions : An impressive effect was observed and further clinical and biological research on FCST is expected.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.197-207
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• 2007

Based on a survey on 1620 students in primary school and secondary school., by adopting Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), we got the following findings : 1. There is close relationship between emotionality characteristics of temperament and mathematics academic achievement of the subjects at Grade 5 (Primary 5), Grade 8 (Junior Secondary 2), and Grade 10 (Senior Secondary 2). Also there is close relationship between internal-external directivity characteristics of temperament and mathematics academic achievement at Grade 5 and Grade 8. While there is not close relationship between internal-external directivity characteristics of temperament and mathematics academic achievement at Grade 10; 2. There is close relationship between temperament types and mathematics academic achievement of the subjects from the three grades. Superior temperament, which benefit learning mathematics, are sanguine, sanguine-phlegmatic and phlegmatic; While inferior temperament types, which don't benefit learning mathematics, are choleric, melancholic and choleric-melancholic. With the rising of grade, temperament types of benefiting learning mathematics converts from external directivity emotion balance to balance of internal-external directivity emotion stability. While temperament of no benefiting learning mathematics converts from internal directivity emotion balance to balance of internal-external directivity emotion instability; 3. In mathematics education, students' temperament difference, which affects learning mathematics, should be recognized. Mathematics teachers should find out the best teaching ways, forms and methods which are suitable for student's temperament type, so that the students with different temperament types can gain better mathematics academic achievement.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attentional focus and distance of external focus on the performance of balance task of upper extremity. Subjects (N=30) held a stick (2 m) and maintained it horizontally. All of the subjects performed balance task of upper extremity under four different attentional focus conditions: focus on hand (internal focus), marker at 10 cm inside of hand (external focus 1), marker at 10 cm outside of hand (external focus 2), marker at 20 cm outside of hand (external focus 3). The mean velocity of the bar (mm/s) and the muscle activity of biceps brachii (%RVC) were measured. They were decreased when the subjects focused on external focuses compared to internal focus and decreased as distance of attentional focus from body increased (p<.05). There were significant differences between groups (p<.05); internal focus-external focus 1, internal focus-external focus 2, internal focus-external focus 3, external focus 2-external focus 3. These results showed that external focus is more effective than internal focus in enhancing motor performance and focusing on more distant attentional focus results in enhanced motor performance promoting the utilization of more automatic control mechanisms.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2024

Introduction: Gullain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rapid, symmetric muscle weakness that often follows respiratory or gastrointestinal infections. Standard treatments include plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin, but outcomes can vary among patients. The integration of Korean medicine, notably unexplored in quantitative assessments of balance and walking, provides a novel approach to treatment. Case presentation: A 53-year-old male diagnosed with GBS presented to the hospital 8 days post-onset. He received treatments consisting of acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and rehabilitation over a period of approximately 4 weeks. Upon admission, the patient exhibited symptoms of both limb weakness and paresthesia, requiring the use of a wheelchair. Post-treatment, muscle strength and balance were significantly improved, leading to the restoration of independent ambulation, including running. Conclusions: This case illustrates the potential of integrated Korean and conventional medical treatments to accelerate recovery in GBS patients, overcoming typical prognosis timelines. The improvements in gait and balance were substantiated by quantitative assessments, suggesting a promising area for further research into the effects of combined therapeutic approaches to GBS recovery.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.196-200
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle activity of the trunk muscles during balance exercises on a stable and unstable surface in patients with stroke. Methods: Thirteen subjects (8 males, 5 females) with stroke were enrolled in the study. Muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG electrodes from the affected side of the erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles. The exercise was performed under three conditions. For the first condition for balance exercise, subjects were instructed to sit on an exercise mat with legs extended. The second condition was to sit with legs extended, with a balance pad under their buttocks. The third condition was to sit with legs extended, have a balance pad under the buttocks and a balance cushion under the lower legs. Results: This study showed significant differences in EMG activities during both arm lifting exercise and weight shifting exercise between conditions. This study showed that the EMG activities of the erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles were significantly higher when the trunk exercise was performed using the balance pad with balance ball than when using the stable surface. Conclusion: In conclusion, performing balance exercises using an unstable surface is a useful method for facilitating trunk-muscle strength and hence trunk stability.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.827-832
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• 2010

Many researchers have tried to detect the falling and to reduce the injury associated with falling. Normally the method of detection of a loss of balance is more efficient than that of a compensatory motion in order to predict the falling. The detection algorithm of the loss of balance was composed of three main parts: parts of processing of measured data, construction of an internal model and detection of the loss of balance. The internal model represented a simple dynamic motion balancing with two rear legs of a four-legged chair and was a simplified model of a central nervous system of a person. The internal model was defined by the experimental data obtained within a fixed time interval, and was applied to the detecting algorithm to the end of the experiment without being changed. The balancing motion controlled by the human brain was improved in process of time because of the experience accruing to the brain from controlling sensory organs. In this study a reconstruction method of the internal model was used in order to improve the success rate and the detecting time of the algorithm and was changed with time the same as the brain did. When using the reconstruction method, the success rate and the detecting time were 95 % and 0.729 sec, respectively and those results were improved by about 7.6 % and 0.25 sec in comparison to the results of the paper of Ahmed and Ashton-Miller. The results showed that the proposed reconstruction method of the internal model was efficient to improve the detecting performance of the algorithm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2010

The detection algorithm for loss of balance had three main parts: one for processing data, another for constructing an internal model, and a third for detecting the loss of balance. The part related to the internal model is the most important part of the algorithm. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of variables associated with the internal model on the success rate of the algorithm. The internal model depends on the type of linearization adopted and the operating period of the algorithm. The design variables were evaluated by performing sensitivity analysis of the variables of the internal model in order to obtain the success rate of the algorithm. The results showed that the most sensitive variable was the period and the period of 0.3 s yielded the highest success rate of 97.1%. Further, the ranges of the design variables that can facilitate a success rate of over 95% are presented.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2012

Objective: Electroencephalogram (EGG)-feedback is a training procedure aimed at altering brain activity, and is used as a treatment for disorders like attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of external focus of attention by EGG-feedback on balance in young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Subject were students in Sahmyook University. Fifty young adults in their twenties and thirties. Subjects were performed both with and without external focus of attention by EEG-feedback on the posture of standing and tandem standing. Participants were educated effort to maintain static posture when they were under internal focus of attention. Good Balance System was used for measurement of postural consistency upon the following force platforms. Results: Body sway decreased significantly both normal standing and tandem standing with external focus of attention by EEG-feedback (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the benefits of an external attentional focus are generalizable to young adults. The external focus of attention outperformed the internal focus of attention on the postural balance (p<0.05). It is showed that external focus of attention significant effects on balance by revoked automatic postural control of movement. Furthermore balance might be improved by training with an external focus. Further study is required to develop for training as a method of preventing fall in elderly peoples.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.146-150
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of active vibration exercise on trunk muscle activity, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty-four patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=12) or a control (n=12) group. The experimental group performed an active vibration exercise workout for 20 minutes a day five times a week for 4 weeks using a flexi-bar. Trunk muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Balance was measured using the Berg balance scale. Activities of daily living were measured using the functional independence measure. Results: The intragroup comparison showed significant differences in the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscle activity values, Berg balance scale score, and functional independence measurement values in the experimental group. The intergroup comparison showed that differences in the rectus abdominis and internal oblique external oblique muscle values, Berg balance scale score, and functional independence measurement value for the experimental group were significantly related to those in the control group. Conclusion: Based on these results, this study proved that the active vibration exercise effectively improved trunk muscle activity, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke.