• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.125-129
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• 1998

Occurrence of an electron (or H atom equivalent to one electron plus H+) transfer from $\alpha$- tocopherol $\alpha$(TOH) to a number of photosensitizers in theri triplet states were investigated by monitoring the ESR signal of $\alpha$-chromaoxyl radical ($\alpha$(TO.) in ethanolic solutions of $\alpha$TOH and the sensitizers under continuous illumination. Every sensitizer molecule examined, such as protocholorophyllide (Pchl), hematoporphyrin and rose bengal which are generally regarded as efficient type II photosensitizers and thus have long-lived triplet states, was found to actively participate in an electro transfer reaction with $\alpha$TOH even under air-saturation conditions, generating $\alpha$TOH complex as an intermediate in a fashion of Michaelis-Menten type of reaction. For the reaction of $\alpha$TOH with triplet Pchl, the rate law was derived by applying the steady approximation for the binary complex, triplet Pchl-$\alpha$TOH , which turned out to be well consistent with the kinetic data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2023-2027
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• 2006

Dibenzyl sulfide was oxidized at the a-carbon to yield benzaldehyde in the presence of $Pd(NO_3)_2$. Oxygen itself could not oxidize the sulfide directly, instead the nitrato ligand of the palladium complex transferred oxygen to dibenzyl sulfide to form benzaldehyde. The X-ray crystal structure of the intermediate complex, cis-[$Pd(NO_3)_2${$S(CH_2C_6H_5)_2$}$_2$], revealed that the nitrato ligand was unidentate. Para-substituted dibenzyl sulfides I, $(YC_6H_4CH_2)_2S $wherein Y = $OCH_3$, $CH_3$, Cl, CN, or $NO_2$, were synthesized and reacted with palladium nitrate, and those with electron-donating substituents (Y = $OCH_3$ and $CH_3$) were good substrates for the oxidation reaction with palladium nitrate. Thus, the reaction mechanism of the oxygen transfer was proposed to include nucleophilic benzylic carbon.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1621-1627
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• 2010

The investigation of the catalytic activity of supported rhodium(I) complex [Rh(P-S)$(CO)_2$] (P-S; polymer anchored salicylic acid) toward the reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene in DMF medium has been reported. Use of basic cocatalysts in the reaction medium enhanced the percentage of more useful phenyl carbamates. Spectroscopic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through a dimer species [Rh(HS)(CO)(C(O)$OCH_3$)(${\mu}-OCH_3)]_2$ and phenyl isocyanate is formed as an intermediate. A plausible reaction mechanism based on the identification of reactive intermediates from the soluble rhodium variety has been proposed for the carbonylation process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1190-1196
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• 2005

Halopyrroles, N-substituted 2-halopyrroles were prepared by halogenation of N-substituted pyrroles with NBS, NCS, or surfuryl chloride. N-Substituted 3-halopyrroles were synthesized by acid-catalyzed thermal and photochemical isomerization reactions of N-substituted 2-halopyrroles. Both the thermal and photochemical reactions were acid-catalyzed. For the acid-catalyzed isomerization, a mechanism of [1,3] bromine shift followed by deprotonation is operated. For the acid-catalyzed photoisomerization, an excited triplet state of 2-protonated N-benzyl-2-halopyrrole produces an intermediate N-substituted pyrrole complex with halonium ion which is equilibrated with N-substituted pyrrole plus halonium ion, and then the halonium ion newly adds to 3-position of N-substituted pyrrole followed by deprotonation to afford N-benzyl-3-halopyrrole.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2023

We investigate the provenance of detrital garnets in Middle-Upper Jurassic sandstone of the Mino terrane, an accretionary complex in Southwest Japan, based on their chemical composition. The garnet grains in the Mino sandstone are mostly Fe-rich (almandine) and slightly Mg-rich (pyrope) species derived from high-grade metamorphic and intermediate to acidic plutonic rocks. The composition and interpreted origin of the garnets are generally consistent with those of metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Yeongnam Massif on the Korean Peninsula, a possible source region suggested in previous studies. In addition, two single grains of chromian spinel, an accessory mineral found in mafic to ultramafic rocks such as mantle peridotite, were found in one of the Mino sandstone samples. This finding suggests the possible presence of mafic to ultramafic rocks in the source area. The results of this study provide complimentary evidence for establishing a comprehensive tectonic and paleogeographical framework for the Mesozoic East Asian continent.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.4-9
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• 2000

여러 가지의 분광법과 전위차 적정법을 이용하여, 퀴놀론의 유도체인 norfloxacin의 자체 회합과 pH에 따른 형태에 대하여 연구하였다. norfloxacin의 작용기 중에서 피페라진 고리와 카르복실기의 두 질소원자는 낮은 pH 용액에서는 수소화(양이온 형태)되고, 높은 pH 용액에서는 두 수소가 모두 이탈하며(음이온 형태), 중간 pH 범위의 용액에서는 zwitter 이온이 두드러지게 형성되었다. 또한, 이 중간 pH용액에서는 norfloxacin 두 분자가 자체 회합을 이루었다. Stern-Volmer 측정법에 의하여 norfloxacin-DNA 결합체의 결합 상수를 조사하였는데, 용액의 pH가 낮을수록 그 결합 상수는 증가하였다. 이것은 용액 상태에서 DNA에 결합하는 norfloxacin의 분자종이 여러 분자종 중에서 그 형태가 양이온임을 나타내는 것이다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

추적 링크는 요구사항과 아키텍처 설계서, 소스 코드, 테스트 케이스 등과 같은 시스템 산출물들 사이의 논리적인 연결을 의미한다. 이러한 추적 링크는 요구사항 변경 영향 분석, 요구사항 충돌 분석, 요구사항 일관성 점검에 매우 유용하다. 그러나, 복잡한 소프트웨어 개발시 많은 다양한 산출물들이 만들어지므로 추적 링크를 생성하거나 운용하는 것은 많은 부담을 초래한다. 본 논문은 가치분석을 근간으로 하고 휘처를 중간 매개체로 활용하는 휘처 기반의 요구사항 추적 기법을 제안한다. 이는 사용자 요구사항과 산출물간의 추적 링크를 생성하기 위한 중간 매개체로 휘처 개념을 적용하였고, 식별된 휘처들의 상세화 정도를 추정하기 위하여 요구사항의 우선순위에 따른 가치 평가를 포함한다. 또한, 본 논문에서 제안한 휘처 기반의 요구사항 추적 기법을 아파트 단지 내 홈 서비스를 통합하는 유비쿼터스 플랫폼에 적용한 사례의 결과를 기술한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.991-1003
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• 2021

Automatic modulation classification is essential in radar emitter identification. We propose a cascade classifier by combining a support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN), considering that noise might be taken as radar signals. First, the SVM distinguishes noise signals by the main ridge slice feature of signals. Second, the complex envelope features of the predicted radar signals are extracted and placed into a designed CNN, where a modulation classification task is performed. Simulation results show that the SVM-CNN can effectively distinguish radar signals from noise. The overall probability of successful recognition (PSR) of modulation is 98.52% at 20 dB and 82.27% at -2 dB with low computation costs. Furthermore, we found that the accuracy of intermediate frequency estimation significantly affects the PSR. This study shows the possibility of training a classifier using complex envelope features. What the proposed CNN has learned can be interpreted as an equivalent matched filter consisting of a series of small filters that can provide different responses determined by envelope features.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.457-473
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• 2008

Yielding of the internal steel reinforcement is an important mechanism that influences the Intermediate Crack-induced debonding (IC debonding) behavior in FRP-strengthened RC members since the FRP is required to carry additional forces beyond the condition of steel yielding. However, rational design practice dictates an appropriate limit state is defined when steel yielding is assured prior to FRP debonding. This paper proposes a criterion which correlates the occurrence of IC debonding to the formulation of a critical steel yielding length. Once this length is exceeded the average bond stress in the FRP/concrete interface exceeds its threshold value, which proves to correlate with the average bond resistance in an FRP/concrete joint under simple shear loading. This proposed IC debonding concept is based on traditional sections analysis which is conventionally applied in design practice. Hence complex bond stress-slip analyses are avoided. Furthermore, the proposed model incorporates not only the bond properties of FRP/concrete interface but also the beam geometry, and properties of steel and FRP reinforcement in the analysis of IC debonding strength. Based upon a solid database, the validity of the proposed simple IC debonding criterion is demonstrated.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2007

The decrease of polarization resistance in cathode is the key point for operating at intermediate temperature SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell). In this study, the influence of Co substitution in B-site at complex perovskite on the electronic conductivity of PSCM ($Pr_{0.3}Sr_{0.7}Co_xMn_{(1-x)}$) was investigated. The PSCM series exhibits excellent MIEC (mixed ionic electronic conductor) properties. The ASR (area specific resistance) of PSCM3773 was $0.174{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2\;at\;700^{\circ}C$. The activation energy of PSCM3773 was also lower than other compositions of PSCM. The TEC(thermal expansion coefficient) was decreased by addition of Mn. The ASR values were increased gradually during the thermal cycling test of PSCM37773 due to the delamination between electrolyte and cathode materials. The delamination was caused by the difference of TEC.