• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.345-355
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• 2005

We present a photometric study of the star cluster system in the merging galaxy NGC 1487, based on the BI photometry obtained from the F450W and F814W images in the HST /WFPC2 archive data. We have found about 560 star cluster candidates in NGC 1487, using the morphological parameters of the objects. We have investigated several photometric characteristics of the clusters: color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), color distribution, spatial distribution, age, size and luminosity function. The CMD of the bright clusters with 18.5 < B < 24 mag in NGC 1487 shows three major populations of clusters: a blue cluster population with $(B-I){\le}0.45$, an intermediate-color cluster population with $0.45<(B-I){\le}1.55$, and a red cluster population with (B - I) > 1.55. The intermediate-color population is the most dominant among the three populations. The brightest clusters in the blue and intermediate- color populations are as bright as $B{\approx}18mag$ ($M_B{\approx}-12mag$), which are three magnitudes brighter than those in the red population. The blue and intermediate-color clusters are strongly concentrated on the bright condensations, while the red clusters are relatively more scattered over the galaxy. The CMD of these clusters is found to be remarkably similar to that of the clusters in the famous interacting system M51. From this we suggest that the intermediate-color clusters were, probably, formed during the merging process which occurred about 500 Myrs ago.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.663-671
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• 2021

Objective: To determine the association of macrocalcification and rim calcification with malignancy and to stratify the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules with macrocalcification and rim calcification based on ultrasound (US) patterns. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 3603 consecutive nodules (≥ 1 cm) with final diagnoses. The associations of macrocalcification and rim calcification with malignancy and malignancy risk of the nodules were assessed overall and in subgroups based on the US patterns of the nodules. The malignancy risk of the thyroid nodules was categorized as high (> 50%), intermediate (upper-intermediate: > 30%, ≤ 50%; lower-intermediate: > 10%, ≤ 30%), and low (≤ 10%). Results: Macrocalcification was independently associated with malignancy in all nodules and solid hypoechoic (SH) nodules (p < 0.001). Rim calcification was not associated with malignancy in all nodules (p = 0.802); however, it was independently associated with malignancy in partially cystic or isoechoic and hyperechoic (PCIH) nodules (p = 0.010). The malignancy risks of nodules with macrocalcification were classified as upper-intermediate and high in SH nodules, and as low and lower-intermediate in PCIH nodules based on suspicious US features. The malignancy risks of nodules with rim calcification were stratified as low and lower-intermediate based on suspicious US features. Conclusion: Macrocalcification increased the malignancy risk in all and SH nodules with or without suspicious US features, with low to high malignancy risks depending on the US patterns. Rim calcification increased the malignancy risk in PCIH nodules, with low and lower-intermediate malignancy risks based on suspicious US features. However, the role of rim calcification in risk stratification of thyroid nodules remains uncertain.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.204-211
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• 2004

Autonomous profiling CTD floats are a useful tool for observing the oceans. We, however, cannot perform post-deployment calibration of the CTD's attached to the floats, and the assessment of the accuracy and stability of the profile data from the floats is one of the important issues in the delayed mode quality control of the profiles. Variations in salinity in the intermediate level of East Sea is comparable to the accuracy of salinity data required by the international Argo Program, which is 0.01. Therefore, we can assess the credibility of salinity data from the floats deployed in the East Sea using three independent methods while considering the East Sea as a salinity calibration bath. The methods utilized here are 1) comparison of high quality CTD data and float data obtained at similar locations at similar time, 2) comparison of float data obtained at similar locations at similar time, and 3) investigation of long term stability and accuracy of salinity data from parking depths. All three methods show that without any calibration, the salinity data satisfy the accuracy criterion by the Argo Program. While assuming that the intermediate level temperature in the East Sea is as homogeneous as the salinity, we have applied the three methods to temperature data. We found that the accuracy of temperature reading is 0.01$^{\circ}C$, which is about twice larger than the requirement by the Argo Program, 0.005$^{\circ}C$. This does not mean that the temperature readings are inaccurate, because the intermediate level temperature does vary spacially and temporally more than the accuracy interval required by the Argo Program. If we take into account the variation in the intermediate level temperature, the accuracy of temperature data from the floats is not significantly different from that proposed by the Argo Program. Therefore, one could use both temperature and salinity profiles from the floats assessed in this study without calibration.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.91-120
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• 2010

This paper examines the effect of bargaining power over intermediate goods prices on innovation and economic growth using a Schumpeterian growth model. The notion of "intermediate goods prices" broadly indicates the reward to innovators including innovative SMEs as well as intermediate goods producers that are vertically integrated to big businesses. From this viewpoint, this paper sets up a Schumpeterian growth model that incorporates the market power between final goods producers and intermediate goods producers. The results show that the reduction of intermediate goods prices slows down long-run growth rates as it erodes the reward to innovations. Lower intermediate goods prices decrease marginal productivity of capital and real interest rates. However, the harmful effect of lower profits on innovations outweighs the beneficial effect of lower interest rates. Simulations using Korea's data for various cases show that in all cases the policies that raise the share of intermediate goods producers are as powerful as the R&D subsidy policies in raising growth rates. Therefore, fair trade policies that enable intermediate goods producers-especially SMEs to obtain more fruits of innovations will be helpful for long-run economic growth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.192-195
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• 2001

MPEG-4 content is streaming media that are composed of different types of media objects, organized in a hierarchical fashion. This paper proposes scene composition model for authoring MPEG-4 contents which can support object based interactions. And we have developed MPEG-4 contents authoring tool applied the proposed scene composition model as intermediate data structure. Particularly, for supporting interoperability between multimedia contents, the scene composition model should be used independent of file format. So visual scene composed of media objects on the from of scene composition tree can be transformed variable data format including BIFS, scene description from proposed by MPEG-4 standard and also support the extension of capability.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-79
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• 2000

This research considers a system which has an ultimate terminal event such as death, critical failure, bankruptcy together with a certain indicative events (temporary malfunction, special treatment, kind of defaults) that frequently occurs before the terminal event comes to the system. Some investigation of a model for the corresponding bivariate data of the system have been done with an explanation of the situation in terms of two continuous variables instead of continuous-discrete variables and some other properties. Also an analysis has been carried out to evaluate the effect of intermediate observation of occurrence of indicative event so that the result can be used for a possible suggestion of an intermediate observing schedule.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 1992

Radiation due to accretion from an accretion disc around the intermediate polars and photoabsorption of this radiation in the accretion funnel have been taken into account as a phenomenological model to study the physics of the magnetic funnel in the magnetic compact star. The first results show that such a model scenario can be used to estimate some parameters in these systems. Some constraints of this model regarding to the observational data of one intermediate polar, EX Hya, are also discussed.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.1534-1541
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• 1996

Routing security is the confidentiality of route taken by the data transmitted over communication networks. If the route is detected by an adversary, the probability is high that the data lost or the data can be intercepted by the adversary. Therefore, the route must be protected. To accomplish this, we select an intermediate node secretly and transmit the data using this intermediate node, instead of sending the data to a destination node using the shortest direct path. Furthermore, if we use a number of secret routes from a node to a destination node, data security is much stronger since we can transmit partial data rather than entire data along a secret route. Finally, the idea above is implemented on MRNS Network.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2178-2198
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• 2024

Graph-based document models have good capabilities to reveal inter-dependencies among unstructured text data. Natural language processing (NLP) systems that use such models as an intermediate representation have shown good performance. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy graph-based document model and to demonstrate its effectiveness by applying fuzzy logic tools for text summarization. The proposed system accepts a text document as input and identifies some of its sentence level features, namely sentence position, sentence length, numerical data, thematic word, proper noun, title feature, upper case feature, and sentence similarity. The fuzzy membership value of each feature is computed from the sentences. We also propose a novel algorithm to construct the fuzzy graph as an intermediate representation of the input document. The Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) metric is used to evaluate the model. The evaluation based on different quality metrics was also performed to verify the effectiveness of the model. The ANOVA test confirms the hypothesis that the proposed model improves the summarizer performance by 10% when compared with the state-of-the-art summarizers employing alternate intermediate representations for the input text.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.345-361
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• 2014

The systematic quality assurance activities on documents of the safety assessment are required for the safety case of the low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste disposal facility. In this paper, quality assurance system focused on the input data including the site characterization, groundwater flow, system design and monitoring are prepared and discussed. Rule for the input data selection is suggested and applied for the safety assessment which is based on the in-situ/experiment observations, final facility design and waste pileup plan, engineered barrier, field monitoring, recent biosphere, and radionuclide inventory. The reduction of data uncertainty will be expected to contribute to the safety of disposal facility further.