• 기업가정신과 벤처연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2017

온라인 및 무선 통신은 콘텐츠 산업 시장을 획기적으로 변화시켰다. 유통 채널이 서점에서 스마트 플랫폼으로 이동함에 따라 거래가 즉각적으로 이루어져 제작자에게 새로운 크고 작은 기회가 제공되었다. 그러나 그러한 기회는 산업 생태계의 불균형을 초래한다. 창의적 중소기업의 성장이 중요한 콘텐츠 산업 특성상, 산업의 건전성과 다양성을 보장하기 위해서는 콘텐츠 저작권에 관한 공정거래 규칙이 필요하다. 하지만 산업의 몇몇 구조적 특성이 이러한 규칙의 시행을 어렵게 한다. 첫째, 콘텐츠 업계는 주요 출판사들처럼 다수의 중소 판매업자들로 이루어져 있다. 둘째, 구글과 같은 플랫폼 회사 등 최종 판매자들은 독점적 지위를 보유하고 있다. 셋째, 콘텐츠에 대한 경제적 가치 평가도 어렵다. 기업 인수의 측면에서 보면, 저작권 거래는 (1) 라이선스(권리위임) 모델, (2) 원시취득 모델, (3) 수요독점 모델로 분류가 가능하다. 이 연구는 출판업계에서의 주요 법령과 각 모델 별 적용 방식에 대해 알아본다. 한국과 미국의 법령, 판례분석, 공정거래위원회(FTC)의 심결들을 분석하여 저작권 거래의 공정성/불공정성 평가 기준을 제시한다. 나아가 이 연구는 콘텐츠 저작권의 공정한 거래를 제고하기 위하여 콘텐츠 산업의 일반적 관행을 개선하기 위한 가이드라인을 제시함으로써 출판산업 생태계가 발전하기를 기대하는 바이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2019

Purpose - This study presents the relationships between parent brand-self image congruence, parent brand -functional congruity, perceived fit between parent brand and extension product, and consumer's attitude toward extension product using the structural equation model. As for preceding concepts having a direct effect on consumer's attitude toward brand extension, the study focuses on parent brand-self image congruence and parent brand-functional congruity. It also looks at the effect of parent brand-self image congruence and parent brand-functional congruity on the consumer's attitude toward extension product and identifies if the perceived fit between parent brand and extension product is a concept playing a mediating role between parent brand-self image congruence or parent brand-functional congruity and consumer's attitude toward brand extension product. Research design, data, and Methodology - SPSS for Windows 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used for data analysis. Then, the Cronbach's α coefficient was obtained using SPSS for Windows 18.0 to measure reliability. In addition, the convergence and discriminative measures of the measured items were statistically verified using AMOS 18.0. Finally, we have validated a path model and a parameter model in which brand personality-self-matched attitude toward brand extension. Results - Studies have shown that the impact of parent brand-self image consistency and parent brand-functional consistency on the attitude of extended products was positive. Perceived fit between parent brand and extension products has been shown to play a role of intermediary between parent brand-self image congruence and consumer attitudes to extended products. However, perceived fit between parent brand and extension products did not play a role as intermediary between the parent brand-functional congruity and the attitude toward the extended product. Finally, in relation to the causal relationship between parent brand-congruity (self image/functionality) and attitudes to extended products. The effect of parent brand-functional coherency on attitudes toward extended products was found to be greater in groups with higher involvement than in those with lower involvement. Conclusions - Although few studies have been done on what variables mediated when parent brand-self image consistency and parent brand-functional coherency affect consumer attitude, this paper is significant in finding whether perceived fitness between the parent brand-congruity and the extension product is mediated.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effect of improvements in the quality of service management performance of college education on traders' conscious change of business management innovation and diverse sales expertise for a year. The use of traders' conscious changes and sales expertise as variables for the verification of the effects of parameters related to the active trader's traditional education market is a desirable direction. The method of research reflects the quality of education service, management result, traders' conscious changes, and sales expertise to understand the precise essence and definition of teaching quality at merchant colleges through theoretical consideration. Moreover, its impact on traders' conscious changes and sales expertise in empirical analysis acts as an intermediary. Research design, data, methodology - The hypothesis of this study leverages the SPSS statistical program. To gather actual proof, sample survey for theoretical research examined 262 valid papers of the 300 papers written by 10 merchants who graduated from merchant's university. First, using the SERVQUAL model, Parasuraman et al. (1996) indicated that for quality of education service, the configuration of factors is the same as the sympathetic performance, that is, responsiveness and empathy, and traders are aware of these elements. However, our preliminary investigation revealed that traders' university education has been excluded as a component of quality of service in the earlier studies. Moreover, we found that certainty of knowledge, reliability, and sympathy are influenced by challenges and by the changing intentions of merchant consciousness. In addition, our study confirms that improvements in convincing abilities and sales technique have a positive impact. Second, merchants' and traders' expertise are proven to affect business performance. In other words, university education of traders and merchants affects the consciousness of consumers, and changes patterns of sales. Third, the quality of service management education and change in the consciousness has a considerable impact on the trader, thereby maximizing business performance and acting as an intermediary for verification. Fourth, the quality of service management education affects the trader's sales expertise to maximize business performance. Results - To summarize, the quality of college educational services relates to the improvement of business performance and the role of the resulting virtuous cycle. Consequently, we can look for suggestions in the traditional markets, where the Government pays attention to the exterior environmental factors as well as to the changing business environment. However, the most important aspect is the merchant awareness. That is, a merchant should understand the distribution environment. Several competitor and trend analyses should be conducted to meet customers' expectations positively and proactively cope with any challenges related to changes. Further, expertise in sales and marketing skills need to be acquired to improve customer convincing abilities and develop a customer-oriented mindset. Conclusions - According to the changes in consumption trends of business enterprises, new management techniques are required to survive competition by improving traditional markets, which will necessitate more competitive education programs in merchant universities.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.119-136
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• 2015

The contracting parties must be provided a litigation scheme in order to resolve a dispute. This means taking advantage of effective measures for mediation or arbitration. A lease transaction is likely to occur mainly after a dispute. It is necessary to take the appropriate measures in advance. In general, when a variety of contracts are created, conflicts arise and disputes have to be resolved through mediation and arbitration documents, and adjustment or intervention is called for. Arbitration system is a system that is established based on the trust of the arbitral tribunal. For such system, quality education for enhancing professionalism required of the arbitrator is important. A party responding to an arbitration agreement presents a problem. The current system must ensure that there are no disadvantaged parties. However, a party must depend on an arbitration agreement that is part of the law rescue system. A litigation support by the local Bar Association must be carried out. It should be notified of the contents of the contract to select a strategy that will best resolve the conflict. In the case of lease transactions, there is a need to create a scheme to make a standard agreement that inserts an arbitration clause. Lease sale and purchase agreement or lease agreement is a form of contract that has been frequently used. Here, the arbitration agreement clause for a lawyer that will serve as arbitrator should be inserted. It is a scheme that can be activated for individuals in poor areas. In addition, it is possible to see it taking a scheme to take advantage of the lawyer system for the future of the town. The Attorney System of a town is a system that the Korean Bar Association, Legal Department has put in place since 2013. If a real estate trade dispute occurs, the role of the intermediary attorney should be to carry out his duties efficiently. In the case of real estate transaction conflicts, the lawyer of the village should be registered as the arbitrator. It is important to establish a basis of regulations through this type of real estate transaction accident analysis. Before proceeding with various adjustment systems, it is desirable to expand the arbitration region. Now we need a realtor amendment. It is the part where fragmentation of intermediary qualification is required, along with the eligibility of a subdivision.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.3370-3392
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• 2017

Next Generation Beyond 4G/5G systems will rely on the deployment of small cells over conventional macrocells for achieving high spectral efficiency and improved coverage performance, especially for indoor and hotspot environments. In such heterogeneous networks, the expected performance gains can only be derived with the use of efficient interference coordination schemes, such as Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR), which is very attractive for its simplicity and effectiveness. In this work, femtocells are deployed according to a spatial Poisson Point Process (PPP) over hexagonally shaped, 6-sector macro base stations (MeNBs) in an uncoordinated manner, operating in hybrid mode. A newly introduced intermediary region prevents cross-tier, cross-boundary interference and improves user equipment (UE) performance at the boundary of cell center and cell edge. With tools of stochastic geometry, an analytical framework for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) distribution is developed to evaluate the performance of all UEs in different spatial locations, with consideration to both co-tier and cross-tier interference. Using the SINR distribution framework, average network throughput per tier is derived together with a newly proposed harmonic mean, which ensures fairness in resource allocation amongst all UEs. Finally, the FFR network parameters are optimized for maximizing average network throughput, and the harmonic mean using a fair resource assignment constraint. Numerical results verify the proposed analytical framework, and provide insights into design trade-offs between maximizing throughput and user fairness by appropriately adjusting the spatial partitioning thresholds, the spectrum allocation factor, and the femtocell density.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2015

Web 2.0시대를 맞이하여 다양한 플랫폼으로부터 기업의 수많은 정보가 쏟아지고 있다. 그러나 셀 수 없이 많은 정보의 홍수 속에서 대중들의 호응을 얻기 위해 기업들은 각각의 플랫폼의 특징을 이해하고 이에 적합한 마케팅 전략을 구사해야 한다. 그러나 최근에 급격히 성장하고 있는 소셜네트워크(Social Network Service)에 관련한 연구는 많이 진행되었으나 특정 매체에 관한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 한국과 미국의 소비자들에서 인스타그램 게시글 정보가 어떻게 받아들여지는지 분석하여 인스타그램 게시글 정보특성이 수용의도 및 구전효과에 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 정보유용성 매개효과를 통해 살펴보았다. 이 연구문제에 답하기 위해서 인스타그램의 주요 이용자인 한국과 미국 대학생을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 그 결과 정보유용성은 인스타그램 게시글 정보특성과 수용의도 및 구전효과 사이에서 주요한 매개효과 역할을 하는 결과가 도출되었다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.161-177
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• 2015

정보기술의 빠른 진화, 빅데이터의 등장, 분석기법의 고도화 등으로 인해 다량의 데이터로부터 의미있는 정보를 추출하는 데이터마이닝을 다양한 영역에 활용하고자 하는 시도들이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그 중의 한 분야가 농산물 유통영역인데, 농산물에 대한 지속적인 수요 증가와 전자경매의 활성화 등으로 수도권 농산물 도매시장에서만도 연간 수천만건 이상의 거래가 이루어 진다. 그러나 급속한 거래량 증가와 더불어 과거로부터 관행적으로 이루어지고 있는 부정거래도 함께 증가하고 있는데 거래참가자들 사이의 결탁에 의해 발생하는 농산물 도매시장의 부정거래는 점차 지능화되는 추세이며, 이들을 감지하고 적발하기가 매우 어려운 실정이다. 이로 인해 농산물 유통환경의 공정거래 질서는 침해되고 시장에 대한 신뢰는 훼손되곤 한다. 따라서 거래투명성을 제고하고 유통비리를 구조적으로 개선하기 위한 과학적이고 자동화된 부정탐지시스템의 필요성이 어느 때보다도 절실히 요구되는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 데이터마이닝의 의사결정나무를 이용하여 실제 발생하지 않은 거래를 실물 없이 거래한 것처럼 조작하여 대금을 정산하는 행위인 허위거래를 탐지하는 모형을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 실제 농산물 도매시장의 데이터를 수집하였고, 데이터의 정제 및 표준화 등의 선행작업을 수행하였다. 또한 변수 간의 상관관계 및 분포도 분석 등을 통해 데이터의 특성을 파악한 후 예측모형을 구축하여 허위거래와 정상거래를 분류하는 패턴을 도출하였으며, 최종적으로 시험용 데이터를 이용하여 모형을 평가하는 단계를 거쳐 결과의 적합성을 확인하였다. 향후 데이터마이닝을 이용한 부정탐지 모형을 허위거래뿐만 아니라 낙찰부정, 경매조작 등과 같이 다양화되는 부정거래에 적용하게 되면 보다 지대한 효과를 거둘 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제42권
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• pp.133-160
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• 2009

In International trade the buyer and seller are normally separated from on another not only by distance but also by differences in language and culture. It is rarely possible for the performance of obligations to be simultaneous and the performance of contracts therefore calls for trust in a situation in which the parties are unlikely to feel able to trust each other unless they have a longstanding and successful relationship. Thus the seller under an international contract of sale will not wish to surrender documents of title to goods to the buyer until he has at least an assurance of payment, and no buyer will wish to pay for goods until he has received them. A gap of distrust thus exists which is often bridged by the undertaking of an intermediary known and trusted by both parties who will undertake on his own liability to pay the seller the contract price in return for the documents of title and then pass the documents to the buyer in return for the reimbursement. This is a common explanation of the theory behind the documentary letter of credit in which the undertaking of a bank of international repute serves as a "guarantee" to each party that the other will perform his obligations. The independence principle, also referred to as the "autonomy principle", is at the core of letter of credit or bank guarantee law. This principle provides that the letter of credit or bank guarantee is independent of the underlying contractual commitment - that is, the transaction that the credit is intented to secure - between the applicant and the beneficiary ; the credit is also independent of the relationship between the bank and its customer, the applicant. The most important exception to the independence principle is the doctrine of fraud in the transaction. A strict interpretation of the rule that the guarantee is independent of the underlying transaction would lead to the conclusion that neither fraud nor manifest abuse of rights by the beneficiary would constitute an objection to payment. There is one major problem related to "Independent guarantees", namely abusive or unfair callings. The beneficiary may make an unfair calling under the guarantee. The countermeasure of beneficiary's unfair calling divided three cases. First, advance countermeasure namely by contract. In other words, when the formation of the contract, the parties must insert the Force Majeure Clause, Arbitration Clause to Contract, and clear statement to the condition for demand calling. Second, post countermeasure namely by court. Many countries, including the United States, authorize the courts to grant an order enjoining the issuer from paying or enjoining the beneficiary from receiving payment under the guaranty letter. Third, Export Insurance. For example, the Export Credit Guarantees Department is prepared, subject to certain conditions, to cover the risk of unfair calling. Of course, KEIC in Korea is cover the risk of the all things for guarantees. On international projects, contractor performance is usually guaranteed by either a standby letters of credit or Independent guarantee. These instruments will be care the parties.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2021

본 연구는 디지털 화폐 시대의 도래에 따라 한국 경제가 CBDC(Central Bank Digital Currency)를 사용할 경우의 효과를 살펴보고 CBDC의 대응전략을 논의하기로 한다. 이를 위해 디지털화폐의 정의와 각국의 CBDC의 개발단계를 검토하고, CBDC의 특징과 진행 현황, 그리고 CBDC의 국제화 가능성에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구결과, CBDC의 발행은 신용리스크를 감소시키고 현금과 대비하여 거래의 투명성을 제고할 수 있으며, 통화정책의 여력을 높일 수 있는 장점이 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 금융시장에서 기존 금융기관의 신용 기능이 축소되거나 자금 중개기능이 약화되고 금융 소외 등의 부작용도 발생할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 CBDC의 발행은 원화의 국제화 가능성을 제고할 수 있는 중요한 기회이므로 디지털 기축통화를 향한 각국의 경쟁과 협력에 발맞추는 선제적인 조치가 필요하다. 또한 우리나라가 보유한 비교우위를 통해 디지털 금융환경을 가속화하고 CBDC 발행을 통해 금융산업 및 원화의 국제화를 이루려는 전략적 대응이 필요하다. CBDC 설계 초기부터 다른 중앙은행들과의 협력을 통해 국제적 합의를 마련하고 디지털 화폐로의 전환 시기에 맞는 적극적인 정책 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-29
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• 2018

Models of South-North Korean economic integration have the problem of circular reasoning. While many studies argue that South-North Korean economic integration would contribute to alleviate security risks in the Korean peninsular, they emphasize the success of any economic model of inter-Korean economic integration is subject to favorable geo-political and security environment. It is a failure in distinguishing between goals and constraints. After identifying three major goals of South-North Korean economic cooperation, this study shows the trilemma among the goals; they are 1) formation of a complete economic community, 2) maintaining independent sovereignty of the two Koreas, 3) promotion of mutual economic interests. The trilemma suggests that it is theoretically impossible to achieve the above three goals at the same time. Only two goals are achievable simultaneously. This study argues that the most practical option is to pursue the combination of goals 2) and 3) considering the complex political and security environment around the Korean peninsular. Recognizing that North Korea is the least developed country in the Northeast Asia region, South Korea's initiatives for inter-Korean economic cooperation should focus on assisting industrialization and integration of the North Korea economy into the Northeast Asian regional production sharing structure. In view of the 'flying geese model' of the sequential industrialization in the region, the least developed economic status of North Korea can partially be explained by its failure to participate in the production network in the region as well as lack of effective implementation of appropriate industrial policy. Therefore, promotion of industrialization of North Korea should be the immediate goal of economic cooperation between North and South Korea. It is an interesting fact that North Korea has rapidly expanded its apparel exports in recent years. It could mean that the North Korean economy is actively responding to the dynamics of international comparative advantage structure, although the production activities are limited to exports to China since the closure of the Gaesung Industrial Complex. The recent increase in apparel export is a starting point for incorporating the Easy Import Substitution fulfilling both domestic and neighboring regional demand of North Korea. It could help integrate North Korea's industry into the production network of Northeast Asia. An immediate policy implication is that the economic cooperation between the two Koreas should focus on facilitating this process and supporting North Korea's industrial policy through South Korea's contribution of capital, technology, and service intermediary inputs.