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The Era of Digital Currency and CBDC Strategy

디지털 화폐 시대와 CBDC 대응전략

  • 김소형 (경기대학교 무역학과) ;
  • 정지용 (덕성여자대학교 경영학과) ;
  • 김문수 (스마투스 디지털경제연구원) ;
  • 최향미 (충남대학교 경영학부)
  • Received : 2021.10.26
  • Accepted : 2021.12.20
  • Published : 2021.12.28

Abstract

This study examines the effects of CBDC(Central Bank Digital Currency) on the Korean economy in the digital currency era and discusses the response strategies for CBDC. With the review of the definition and the development status of digital currency, we explore the characteristics and current status of CBDC in Korea as well as the possibility for internationalization of CBDC. The result shows that CBDC can reduce credit risk, improve transaction transparency compared to cash, and increases monetary policy capacity. Meanwhile, the credit and intermediary function of financial institutions may be weakened, and side effects such as financial alienation may occur. Nevertheless, as the issuance of CBDC is an important opportunity to enhance the possibility of internationalization of Korean Won, preemptive measures are required to keep pace with the competition and cooperation with each country toward the digital key currency. We need to accelerate the digital financial environment through Korea's comparative advantage, and develop a strategy to achieve the internationalization of the financial industry and the Korean Won through CBDC issuance. From the early stage of CBDC designing, it is necessary to achieve international agreements through cooperation with other central banks and to develop policies suitable for the transition to digital currency.

본 연구는 디지털 화폐 시대의 도래에 따라 한국 경제가 CBDC(Central Bank Digital Currency)를 사용할 경우의 효과를 살펴보고 CBDC의 대응전략을 논의하기로 한다. 이를 위해 디지털화폐의 정의와 각국의 CBDC의 개발단계를 검토하고, CBDC의 특징과 진행 현황, 그리고 CBDC의 국제화 가능성에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구결과, CBDC의 발행은 신용리스크를 감소시키고 현금과 대비하여 거래의 투명성을 제고할 수 있으며, 통화정책의 여력을 높일 수 있는 장점이 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 금융시장에서 기존 금융기관의 신용 기능이 축소되거나 자금 중개기능이 약화되고 금융 소외 등의 부작용도 발생할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 CBDC의 발행은 원화의 국제화 가능성을 제고할 수 있는 중요한 기회이므로 디지털 기축통화를 향한 각국의 경쟁과 협력에 발맞추는 선제적인 조치가 필요하다. 또한 우리나라가 보유한 비교우위를 통해 디지털 금융환경을 가속화하고 CBDC 발행을 통해 금융산업 및 원화의 국제화를 이루려는 전략적 대응이 필요하다. CBDC 설계 초기부터 다른 중앙은행들과의 협력을 통해 국제적 합의를 마련하고 디지털 화폐로의 전환 시기에 맞는 적극적인 정책 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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