• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.702-708
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• 2016

The railway signaling system has evolved to maximize its safety and maintainability based on the experiences in the construction and operation of railway systems. The newly developed systems was established to cope with the changes in an operating environment. In the process of a transition to the new system, both the existing ATS (Automatic Train Stop) and new ATP/ATO (Automatic Train Protection/Automatic Train Operation) systems are operating simultaneously in parallel. In this situation, modifications of the conditions of the interlocking diagram and logic are necessarily required on the existing ATS systems due to the frequent improvements in signaling equipment. This paper reports the enhancement of safety and operational efficiency of the system through an improvement of the security and the interlocking conditions of the existing ATS systems. The independent display of signals for each track was ensured to avoid giving the effect of On/Off signals for the selected track on the opposite side, and the security was improved by adjusting the position and interlocking conditions. In addition, the increased traffic density of railway systems was achieved by removing the unnecessary conditions and detailed signal display, which resulted in enhanced operational efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.678-685
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to monitor the health status of harbor caissons which have potential foundation damage. To obtain the objective, the following approaches are performed. Firstly, a structural damage monitoring(SDM) method is designed for interlocked multiple-caisson structures. The SDM method utilizes the change in modal strain energy to monitor the foundation damage in a target caisson unit. Secondly, a finite element model of a caisson system which consists of three caisson units is established to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. In the finite element simulation, the caisson units are constrained each other by shear-key connections. The health status of the caisson system against various levels of foundation damage is monitored by measuring relative modal displacements between the adjacent caissons.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.564-567
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• 2007

GPS(Global Positioning System) data has a high accuracy at outdoor positioning generally, but its accuracy decreases in the urban areas with dense buildings. Moreover insufficient number of satelllites prevent us GPS positioning at inside of buildings. To complement these shortcomings of GPS, RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) has been studied on indoor positioning parts. In Ubiquitous environment, LBS(Location Based Service) which can be used anytime and anywhere is an essential component. We use kalman filter to estimate the real location in GPS and RFID handover area. This study's purpose is to make a continuous positioning system using interlocking RFID and GPS.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1285-1293
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• 2008

Locking sheet is to display the contents of interlocking equipment for safe train drive in stations. It is being used as a basic information for interlocking equipment and for route control condition and the discussion for train operation between related parties. In spite of importance of this, there was no other way except depending on the work by hands from each stage(drawing, examination, discussion, approval) due to non-existing any tool. It is written it takes 30days from drawing to approval by procedures. However, it is required over the days in real time due to argument of each party. Furthermore on drawing of locking sheet, special conditions applied in accordance with situations of each station occasionally are different depending on the person in charge. Therefore, it is urgent to make up Logic Tree to accept special conditions of all stations. Automation Program for Drawing and Examination of Locking Sheet is to improve inefficient interlocking operation which was operated by hands in accordance with custom as automated system. The target of this program is to minimize the processing time and potential errors by personal work and set up standards for Logic Tree of special condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.315-323
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• 2015

Damage level of coastal structures has been scaled up according to increase of wave height and duration of the storm due to the abnormal global climate change. So, the design criteria for new breakwaters is being intensified and structural strengthening is also conducted for the existing breakwaters. Recently, interlocking concept has been much attention to enhance the structural stability of the conventional caisson structure designed individually to resist waves. The interlocking caisson breakwater may be survival even if unusual high wave occurs because the maximum wave force may be reduced by phase lags among the wave forces acting on each caisson. In this study, the dispersion characteristics of wave forces using interlocking system that connect the upper part of caisson with cable in the normal direction of breakwater was investigated. A simplified linear model was developed for computational efficiency, in which the foundation and connection cables were modelled as linear springs, and caisson structures were assumed to be rigid. From numerical experiments, it can be found that the higher wave forces are transmitted through the cable as the angle of incident wave is larger, and the larger the stiffness of the interlocking cable makes larger wave dispersion effect.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2004

Railway signaling systems consist of several vital computerized equipment such as CTC(Centralized Traffic Control), EIS(Electronic Interlocking System), ATC(Automatic Train Control) and so on. Currently, the project for development of railway signaling systems for the next-generation high-speed train is progressed according to the G7 project and railway signaling related several companies and research institute are joined this project consortium. The railway signaling systems, being developed in this project, called as a kTCS(Korean Train Control System), is composed of kTCS-CTC, kTCS-IXL, kTCS-ATC and etc. kTCS signaling systems have to be operated at the laboratory testing level as integrated signaling systems by interface between each railway signaling systems before railway field installation and revenue service. To solve this matter, communication protocols between each signaling equipment are designed and message codes for each defined protocols have defined. And also several equipment has developed for the railway integrated signaling systems for laboratory testing. We has plentifully tested and verified the designed protocols and the characteristics of integrated railway signaling systems with our developed each kTCS signaling equipment and communication protocols. In this paper, the integrated kTCS system including communication protocols is presented.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.1573-1580
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• 2013

This study is proposed traffic signal operating system to find existing problems of loop system and complex with doplar system, which have strong linearity, resistence of weather effects and wide range to improve delay problems that used in vehicle detection method. This proposed method have simulated on Southern-Gwangju station to Enter of SeoChang take about 10km by using VISSIM tool and we found this proposed method is 15% through(또는 to) 30% more effective than continuous progress interlocking system or crossing progress interlocking system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6427-6433
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• 2013

For trains to run safely and quickly, the train should always follow the preceding train at a proper spacing. For this purpose, a certain distance between the stations is set for each block section. For the safe operation of trains in one block section, only one train service for an automatic block system is needed. The existing block system is composed an ABS, which is a linked track circuit and line sideway system through the interlocking system. The interlocking system is being replaced with a domestic electronic interlocking system. On the other hand, the block system still uses the relay format of an analog system, and is independently installed of the line sideway systems. Therefore, the existing block system has many problems in terms of construction and maintenance. In addition, the existing domestic line is used for ABS and LEU , which is installed separately, despite the train being controlled by the information of the same signal at the same location. This is not efficient in terms of each product price and the maintenance costs. This paper introduces an integrated electronic block system and the field test results. The field test was carried out through a periodic inspection performed eight times from January to late August.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the results and complications of antegrade intramedullary interlocking nailing in humerus shaft fractures. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the clinical outcomes, radiologic results and complications in 47 patients with humerus shaft fracture treated with antegrade intramedullary interlocking nailing, and followed up until bony union. Bony union was confirmed by serial plain radiographs and the clinical outcomes were assessed according to the ASES scoring system. Results: Bony union was confirmed in 41 (87.2%) out of a total 47 patients, and the mean union period was 14.5 weeks. Major complications were as follows: 6 non-union, 3 delayed union, 2 intraoperative posterior cortex fracture in the distal humerus and 2 permanent shoulder pain, including 1 case of adhesive capsulitis. The clinical outcomes were as follows: 29 excellent, 11 good, 4 fair and 3 poor. Satisfactory outcomes were demonstrated in 40 patients (85.1%). Conclusion: Anterograde intramedullary interlocking nailing as treatment for humerus shaft fracture showed satisfactory bony union and clinical outcomes. It is considered an efficacious treatment, especially in patients with associated injury, such as multiple fractures and segmental fracture.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.269-275
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• 2000

The railway signaling system consists of microcomputerized vital devices on board and ground, which are connected to one another by track circuits, and interlocking equipment for route control. Therefore it is important to validate the required functions of developed system and interface between developed signaling systems. To verify the conditions and functions of signaling logic, the laboratory prototype test bench, which consists of personal computers with software module and Ethernet LAN, will be developed. In this paper general design of signaling system test bench for high-speed rail is described and developed software module is presented.