• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1605-1612
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• 2006

Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the family of IL-l cytokine, is one of the principal inducers of $interferon-{\gamma}(IFN-{\gamma})$ in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of IL-18 on the expression of chemokine IP-10 (CXCL-10) mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages. IL-18 had very weak direct effect or synergistic effect with IL-12 on the expression of IP-10 mRNA in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, IL-18 pretreatment was found to playa cooperative role in the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IP-10 mRNA. For the expression of LPS-induced IP-10 mRNA, the synergistic effect was detected after 16 h of IL-18 pretreatment prior to LPS stimulation. The expression level of CD14 in cells stimulated with LPS was not changed by IL-18 pretreatment, and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$ production during IL-18 pretreatment plus LPS stimulation was barely discernible ($0.36{\pm}0.31pg/ml$). Namely, the synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment was not related to a change of LPS receptor, CD14 expression, and the production of $IFN-{\gamma}$ by the interaction between IL-18 and LPS. The synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment on the expression of LPS-induced IP-10 was related to not NF-kB but AP-1 activation, and associated with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, one of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. These results provide useful information that may elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of IL-18 on the expression of IP-10 mRNA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2021

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a type of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that causes various respiratory tract infections including asthma. Chlamydia species infect humans and cause respiratory infection by rupturing the lining of the respiratory which includes the throat, lungs and windpipe. Meanwhile, the function of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in Ch. pneumoniae respiratory infection and its association with the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in adulthood and causing allergic airway disease (AAD) are not understood properly. We therefore investigated the role of IL-4 in respiratory infection and allergy caused by early life Chlamydia infection. In this study, Ch. pneumonia strain was propagated and cultured in HEp-2 cells according to standard protocol and infant C57BL/6 mice around 3-4 weeks old were infected to study the role of IL-4 in respiratory infection and allergy caused by early life Chlamydia infection. We observed that IL-4 is linked with Chlamydia respiratory infection and its absence lowers respiratory infection. IL-4R α2 is also responsible for controlling the IL-4 signaling pathway and averts the progression of infection and inflammation. Furthermore, the IL-4 signaling pathway also influences infection-induced AHR and aids in increasing AAD severity. STAT6 also promotes respiratory infection caused by Ch. pneumoniae and further enhanced its downstream process. Our study concluded that IL-4 is a potential target for preventing infection-induced AHR and severe asthma.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.89-89
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• 2002

In this study, we examined transmission efficiency and expression level of the transgenes in the transgenic mice. The transgenic lines secreting a considerable amount of human lactoferrin(LF) thrombopoietin(TPO), interleukin-10(IL-10) into their milk were subjected to access the inheritance and maintenance of transgenic phenotype. They were bred through three generations. The transmission frequency for each generations(F9, F10, F11) of 3 lines was 38.03±10.43%(13/35), 48.33±3.76%(19/39) and 31.83±8.88%(9/28) in the LF line, 51.33±18.98%(20/38), 63.70±35.71%(12/20) and 29.57± 15.05%(8/26) in the TPO line, 38.27±17.74%(15/37), 47.47±29.88%(14/28) and 50.87±5.85%(14/28) in the IL-10 line, respectively. (omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.206-214
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• 2018

Background: Immune responses appear to be affected by anesthetics and analgesics. We investigated the effects of caudal tramadol on the postoperative immune response and pain management in pediatric patients. Methods: Sixty ASA-I pediatric patients aged 3-10 years undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned either to a caudal bupivacaine (0.25%) group (group B), or a group that received caudal tramadol (1 mg/kg) added to the bupivacaine (0.25%) (group T). Both were diluted in a 0.9% NaCl solution to a total volume of 1ml/ kg. The systemic immune response was measured by collecting blood samples preoperatively, at the end of anesthesia, and at 24 and 72 hours postoperatively, and studied for interleukin IL-6, C-reactive proteins (CRP) cortisol levels, and leucocytes with its differential count. Postoperative pain was assessed along with sedation scales. Results: Postoperative production of IL-6 was significantly higher in group B at the end of anesthesia, than at the $24^{th}$ hour, and at the $72^{nd}$ hour in group B and group T, respectively. The immune response showed leukocytosis with increased percentages of neutrophil and monocytes, and a decreased lymphocyte response rate within both groups with no significant differences between the groups. Cortisol and CRP were significantly higher in group B. Conclusions: Adding tramadol to a caudal bupivacaine block can attenuate the pro-inflammatory cytokine response, Cortisol, and CRP in children undergoing lower abdominal surgery.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the various effects of individual or combined extract of GamiSaengmaeksan (GSS) on cell viability, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activityMethods : In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed. We investigated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin (IL)-1β, and nitric oxide(NO) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells to check the effects on anti-inflammatory activity. The level of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells was measured by using Griess reagent. The levels of cytokines and ROS were measured by Luminex and Flow cytometry, respectively.Results : At concentration of 200 ㎍/㎖ GSS, cytotoxicity was observed in RAW 264.7 cells. However, at concentration less than 100 ㎍/㎖ of both combine and individual GSS, cytotoxicity was not observed in Raw 264.7 cells. However, the level of ROS in RAW 264.7 cells were decreased at both extract of 100 ㎍/㎖ GSS. Also, the level of NO in RAW 264.7 cells were decreased from extraction of concentration of 100 ug/ml in GSS and individual-extraction of Liriopis Tuber, White Ginseng and Glycyrrhizae Radix. In addition, productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were decreased from extraction of concentration of 10 and 100 (㎍/㎖) in GSS and individual-extraction of Liriopis Tuber.Conclusions : It is concluded that combined extract of GSS appears to be more effective in anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effect than those in individual-extraction of GSS. These results may be developed as a raw material for new therapeutics to ease the symptoms related with inflammatory and oxidative stress.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.252-257
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• 2018

It is noted that Dioscorea quinqueloba is a medicinal herb that is widely used to treat cardiovascular disease and is assessed as useful to treat other various medical conditions. The immunopotentiating effects of the protein extract (DQP-1) from Dioscorea quinqueloba were thus formally investigated in vivo under incident of cold stress. In this case study, the spleen and thymus weight in mice was shown to have decreased after a measured exposure to cold stress, while the adrenal gland weight in the mice was shown to have increased. The systematic oral administration of DQP-1 significantly recovered the weight loss of the spleen and suppressed the adrenal gland hypertrophy during the association with cold stress. Additionally, the DQP-1 also restored the ascorbic acid level in the adrenal gland reduced after cold stress. The cold stress exposure lowered the percentage of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells in the mouse thymus as determined by the flow cytometric analysis, as well as the levels of some serum immunological cytokines(interleukin-2, interleukin-12, and interferon-${\gamma}$) in the studied mice. The resulting identified weakened immunity caused by cold stress was also recovered by a treatment with DQP-1. The DQP-1 significantly suppressed the formation of serum enzymes of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, which were systematically elevated during the cold stress episode. These results indicate that DQP-1 can improve immunity in mice that are characteristically weakened under stress.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.3333-3340
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• 2010

A three dimensional pharmacophore model was generated for the molecules which are responsible for anti-inflammatory activities targeting Interleukin-2 inducible tyrosine kinase (Itk). 16 structurally diverse molecules were selected as training set to generate the hypotheses using Discovery Studio v2.1. The best hypothesis, Hypo1, comprises two hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), one hydrophobic aromatic (HA), one ring aromatic (RA) and shows high cost difference (63.71), high correlation coefficient (0.97) as well as low RMS deviation (0.81). Hypo1 has been further validated toward a test set, decoy set and Fischer's randomization method. Furthermore, Hypo1 was used to screen NCI and Maybridge databases. Finally, 2 hit molecules were identified as potential leads against Itk, which may be useful for future drug development.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.159-175
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• 1998

1. 연구배경 최근 놀라운 과학기술의 발전에 힘입어 난치병이라고 생각되어 오던 질환들이 하나씩 정복되어 가고 있으나 평균수명의 연장, 생활수준 향상으로 인한 고지방식, 스트레스 및 과학기술발전의 부작용 등을 이유로 새로운 질환들이 나타나고 있는 실정이다. 종양도 이런 대표적인 질환중 하나로 최근 경제적, 시간적으로 많은 투자를 해왔으나 아직까지 그 발생원인이나 성장기전 등이 자세히 밝혀지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 효후(哮吼)를 치료하는 청상보하환(淸上補下丸)을 이용하여 흑색종의 폐전이 억제능과 이에 의한 면역증강에 관하여 연구하고자 하였다. 2. 연구결과 B-16 세포를 이용한 C57BL/6계 마우스에 있어서의 폐전이 억제능을 측정한 결과 청상보하환(淸上補下丸) 투여군이 대조군에 비해 검액처리 7일후에는 52.70%, 14일후에는 19.43%의 유의성있는 억제율을 보였으며, 청상보하환(淸上補下丸)의 B-16 세포에 대한 직접적인 항암작용을 알아 보기 위한 시험관내 세포독성 실험에서는 청상보하환(淸上補下丸)의 용량이 $5{\mu}g/well$, $2.5{\mu}g/well$, $1.25{\mu}g/well$, and $0.625{\mu}g/well$인 경우 유의성있는 효과를 얻을수 있었으며 생존율에 의한 $IC_{50}$은 $2.17{\mu}g/well$이었다. NK-activity를 측정한 결과 청상보하환(淸上補下丸) 투여군이 작동세포와 표적세포의 비율이 100:1, 50:1의 경우에 있어서 $72.63{\pm}5.17%$, $26.94{\pm}2.43%$를 보여 대조군에 비하여 각각 31.12%, 43.68% 유의성있는 증가를 보였다. IL-2의 생산능을 측정한 결과 청상보하환(淸上補下丸) 투여군은 $1392.00{\pm}22.31pg/ml$을 보여 대조군에 비해 4.04%의 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

목 적 : 아디포넥틴은 혈관벽의 염증 반응을 억제시켜 혈관의 remodeling을 조절하는 내인적 조절 인자이다. 그러나 가와사키병에서 아디포넥틴의 역할은 알려져 있지 않다. 이 연구의 목적은 혈중 아디포넥틴 농도와 IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, lipid profile, C 반응 단백 등 몇몇 parameter들의 상관 관계를 알아보고, 아디포넥틴과 심기능의 연관성을 밝히는 것이다. 방 법 : 실험군은 가와사키병으로 진단받은 총 22명의 환아(급성기 22명, 아급성기 환아 20명)를 대상으로 하였고, 대조군은 총 31명(열성 질환이 있는 환아 13명, 건강아 18명)을 대상으로 하였다. 두 군 모두에서 혈액 검사와 TDI를 실시하였다. 결 과 : C 반응 단백은 대조군에 비해 가와사키 군에서 유의하게 증가되었다. 아디포넥틴, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 치는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만 아디포넥틴과 C 반응 단백, 혈소판 수치 사이에 유의한 음의 상관 관계가 있었다. TDI로 측정한 수축기 심근 속도와 A 심근 속도가 급성기에서 아급성기, 대조군에 비해 유의하게 심근 속도가 감소됨이 확인되었고, 아디포넥틴과는 양의 상관 관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 급성 가와사키 환아에서 혈중 아디포넥틴 농도가 낮을수록 염증 반응이 심하며 좌심실의 기능이 떨어짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2023

Purpose : Excessive alcohol causes damage to skeletal muscles, leading to the development of a specific disease entity called alcoholic myopathy. Chronic inflammation is related as an underlying mechanism for the loss of muscle mass induced by alcohol. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) play a role in this process. The acupuncture point Feng Shi (GB 31) is located on the midline of the lateral aspect of the thigh, above the transverse popliteal crease. This acupoint is used for the treatment of weakness, atrophy, numbness, and post-stroke symptoms of lower limbs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Feng Shi stimulation on muscle atrophy caused by chronic alcohol administration. Method : Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight each: Normal, Control, and GB31. The rats in the Control and GB31 groups were orally given 25 % ethanol (5 ㎖/kg, body weight) daily for 4 weeks. The Normal group was similarly administered saline. The acupressure at Feng Shi was treated to rats in the GB31 group. After 4 weeks, the body weight, muscle weight and cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius were assessed and the histological changes in gastrocnemius muscle fiber were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, TNF-α and IL-6 expressions were immunohistochemistrically evaluated. Results : Acupressure stimulation at Feng Shi had a protective effect on the weight reduction of the gastrocnemius muscle caused by alcohol intake, and had an effect of suppressing anatomical change in muscle fiber and decreasing the average cross-sectional area. Also, the immunoreactivities of TNF-α and IL-6 in the GB31 group were decreased. Conclusion : These results suggest that acupressure at Feng Shi has protective effects on chronic alcohol-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting pre-inflammatory proteins such as TNF-α and IL-6.