• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.148-158
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• 2003

Backgrounds & Objectives: In many recent studies, molecular biological methods have been used to investigate the role of cytokines in pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets of asthma. Recently, as a method of research on the gene expression, they are applying another method which assays multiple gene expressions at the same time by the microarray. In this study, the antioxidant effect, the inhibitory effect against interleukin-4 and the effect on the CD/cytokine gene expression in PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) was evaluated by using cDNA microarray chip of Chungsangboha-tang. Methods: Experimental studies were performed for the antioxidant effect of Chungsangboha-tang on DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) solution, for the IL-4-inhibiting effect on BALB/c mouse spleen, and for the gene expression effect on PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) with microarray. Results: Chungsangboha-tang showed antioxidant effect dose-dependently. Chungsangboha-tang inhibited interleukin-4 dose-dependently and showed significant difference in 10ug/ml and 100ug/ml of test groups. There was no 2 more times upregulated genes than in the control group by using cDNA microarray chip of Chungsangbohn-tang, but there were 140%-200% upregulated genes. There was no 2 more times downregulated genes than in the control group by using cDNA microarray chip of Chungsangboha-Tang, but there was 50%-75% downregulated genes. Conclusions: This study showed that Chungsangboha-tang has an antioxidant effect and inhibition of Interleukin-4, but further studies are necessary with microarray.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.90-98
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• 1998

연구배경: 외인성 천식은 TH2세포에 의한 매개체의 주요 원인중 하나임이 밝혀지고 있다. 연구자 등은 증상 악화로 내원한 기관지천식 환자와 만성기관지염 환자 사이에 T 림프구 아형의 변화와 싸어토카인 (cytokine)들의 변화에 차이가 있는지 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법: 기관지 천식으로 치료중인 환자 중에서 천식 악화로 내원한 외인성 천식 15예와 만성기관지염 환자 12예, 그리고 정상인 5예를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 병력과 임상소견, 피부반응검사, 그리고 특이 IgE 측정을 시행하고 단일항체인 CD62L를 이용하여 flow cytometer로 림프구아형을 분석하고 ELISA kit(Quantikine IL-4, IFN-$\gamma$)를 이용하여 IL-4, IFN-$\gamma$을 측정하였다. 결 과: CD4+ T 림프구는 기관지천식환자에서 $40{\pm}7.2%$ 만성기관지염 환자 $43{\pm}19.8%$, 정상인에서 $41{\pm}14%$로 기관지 천식환자와 다른 군간에 의미있는 차이는 없었다(p=0.49, p=0.75). CD62L(L-selectin) 양성 T 림프구의 세포 백분율은 기관지천식환자(n=7) 에서 $24.8{\pm}23.6%$였고, 만성기관지염환자(n=5) $17.0{\pm}16.9%$, 정상인(n=5) $16.7{\pm}16.4%$으로 기관지천식환자와 다른 군간에 의미있는 차이는 없었다(p=0.32, p=0.22). 혈청 IL-4 의 활성도는 기관지천식환자에서 $3.6{\pm}0.9pg/ml$ 만성기관지염 환자 $2.0{\pm}1.2pg/ml$, 정상인에서 $0.7{\pm}1.1pg/ml$로 기관지 천식환자에서 만성기관지염 환자군에 비하여 증가되어 있었으며 (p=0.02) 정상인보다 증가되어 있었다(p=0.006)(Fig. 4). 혈청 INF-$\gamma$의 활성도는 증가되지 않았다. 결 론: 결론적으로 CD62L 양성 T 림프구의 세포 백분율은 기관지천식환자에서 증가되어 있지 않았으며 혈청 IL-4의 활성도는 기관지천식환자에서 증가되어 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2015

Omega-3, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, is an essential fatty acid necessary for human health, and it protects against cardiovascular disease, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of omega-3-rich harp seal oil (HSO) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin-(IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-12/IL-23 (p40) in peritoneal macrophages of mice. The culture supernatants of murine macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HSO, or HSO+LPS were harvested to assay IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-12/IL-23 (p40) cytokines and NO. TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-12/IL-23 (p40) levels, except IL-6, were lower in the culture supernatants of mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to LPS plus HSO than those of the groups exposed to LPS alone. These observations demonstrate that omega-3-rich harp seal oil downregulates the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-12/IL-23 (p40). These results suggest that HSO could be potentially used as a preventive agent or as an adjunct in anti-inflammatory therapy, if more research results were accumulated.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2023

Ipomoea aquatic is a leafy vegetable of the Convolvulaceae family, and is a tropical plant widely inhabiting southern China and Southeast Asia, and is widely known as Morning Glory in the West. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl acetate extract from Ipomoea aquatic extracts (IAE) were tested against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation microglia BV2 cells. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and cell viability were measured using the Griess reagent and MTT assay, respectively. Inflammatory cytokine [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] were detected qPCR in LPS induced BV-2 cells. Subsequently, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were analyzed through western blot analyses and immunofluorescence. Ipomoea aquatic down-regulated of inflammatory markers and up-regulated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidants in BV2 cells.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Objective: With the onset of stroke, white blood cells release several proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$. It has been proven in previous studies that the release of these cytokines is related to the extent of damage to the brain and to overall prognosis. However, no studies have yet been performed to determine the connection with IL-6 and IL-10. Thus, this study is performed to see whether polymorphisms of IL-6, IL-10, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ genes that show increased serum concentration with the onset of stroke are related to stroke attack in Koreans. Methods : Peripheral blood samples derived from patients with stroke (n=100) and healthy controls (n=100) were taken under informed consent. In subjects with stroke, blood samples were obtained within 24 hours of stroke onset. Genomic DNA was isolated using the Wizard DNA Purification Kit (Promega, Madison, WI). Results : 1. Subjects with Heterozygote (GA) and Homozygote (AA) $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene types showed 2.433 and 20.457 times higher risks of being attacked by stroke, respectively, compared to subjects with wild type (GG) $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene type. The data was still statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, history of smoking, and history of alcohol drinking. 2. Subjects with Homozygote (CC) IL-6 gene type showed 182.033 times higher risk of being attacked by stroke, compared to subjects with wild type (GG) IL-6 genes. This data was statistically insignificant (p=0.700). The data was still statistically insignificant after adjusting for age, sex, history of smoking, and history of alcohol drinking. 3. Subjects with Heterozygote (GA) and Homozygote (GG) IL-10 gene types showed 8.785 and 3.303 times higher risks of being attacked by stroke, respectively, compared to subjects with wild type (AA) IL-10 genes. The data was still statistically insignificant after adjusting for age, sex, history of smoking, and history of alcohol drinking. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the investigated $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 gene polymorphisms play an important role in stroke attack, but IL-6 gene polymorphism has not been found to associated with stroke.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2001년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.251.1-251
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2000

Objective: The presence of the various cytokines in human peritoneal fluid has been evaluated incompletely. Changes in cytokine levels may be related to activation of peritoneal macrophage and T-lymphocyte, development of endometriosis, and infertility. This study assesses peritoneal fluid levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in infertile women with endometriosis and normal women without endometriosis. Design: Prospective and case-control study in university hospital. Materials and Methods: Cytokine levels in peritoneal fluid obtained during laparotomy or laparoscopy from 21 patients in infertile patients with endometriosis and 24 controls undergoing laparotomy or laparoscopy with no evidence of pelvic endometriosis were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean levels of interleukin-6 in infertile patients with endometriosis and controls were $72.7{\pm}23.7$ pg/ml and $18.5{\pm}9.7$ pg/ml respectively (p=0.02). Similarly, the mean levels of interleukin-8 in infertile patients with endometriosis was significantly higher than that of controls ($445.0{\pm}89.6$, vs $45.1{\pm}48.4$, p=0.04). The mean concentration of interleukin-10 in infertile patients with endometriosis was significantly lower than that of controls ($1.09{\pm}0.04$ vs $2.19{\pm}0.03$, p=0.03). The level of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was not significantly different between the two study groups. Conclusions: Increased IL-6 and IL-8 and decreased IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid may be related to pathogenesis in the endometriosis and infertility, suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in infertili women with endometriosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.795-801
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of White Ginseng-Ejung-tang (EG) and Red Ginseng-Ejung-tang (ER) water extract on production of various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-21, IL-25, IL-$28{\beta}$, erythropoietin (EPO), Exodus-2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-5, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-$3{\alpha}$, MIP-$3{\beta}$, Fractalkine, and TARC in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of cytokines were measured by High-throughput multiplex bead array cytokine assay based on xMAP (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. ER significantly decreased levels of IL-21, IL-25, IL-$28{\beta}$, EPO, Exodus-2, MCP-5, MIP-$3{\alpha}$, MIP-$3{\beta}$, TARC, and fractalkine for 24 h incubation at the oncentrations of 25 and 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). But EG did not show any significant effect. These results suggest that ER has anti-inflammtory property related with its inhibition on the production of IL-21, IL-25, IL-$28{\beta}$, and chemokines such as EPO, MCP-5, MIP-$3{\alpha}$, MIP-$3{\beta}$, Fractalkine, Exodus-2, and TARC in LPS-induced macrophages.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1997

It is becoming increasingly clear that the inflammatory reaction can be ascribed to a complex array of mediators generated and released from activated phagocytes. In this study, the effect of PAF on interleukin-1(IL-1) activity by rat alveolar macrophages(AM) was examined using thymocyte proliferation assay in the supernate of sample obtained after 24 hr culture. When AM were cultured with PAF alone, no change in IL-1 activity was observed. However, the combined addition of PAF and muramyl dipeptide(MDP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to AM cultures markedly enhanced IL-1 activity by 2-3 fold compared with AM cultures with the stimulant alone in a concentration dependent fashion. The peack effect was found at $10^{-8}$ M PAF with MDP and $10^{-14}$ M PAF with LPS. the effect of PAF was also tested in silica, toxic respirable dust, -added AM cultures as well as in the cultures containing bacterial compounds. Although silica did not stimulate the IL-1 activity, PAF could enhance IL-1 activity by 2 fold above the value of the silica-treated AM cultures with the peak response at $10^{-12}$ M PAF. Optimal enhancement of IL-1 activity occured when MDP and PAF were present together at the initiation of the 24 hr AM cultures. Additionaly, the biologically inactive precursor/metabolite of PAF, lyso-PAF failed to induce enhancement of IL-1 activity. When the specific, but structurally different PAF receptor antagonists, BN 52021($10^{-5}$ M) and CV 3988($10^{-5}$ M) was treated 15 min before addition of PAF($10^{-8}$ M) and MDP$(10\;{\mu}g/ml)$ to the AM cultures, it markedly inhibited the enhancement of IL-1 activity induced by PAF. The effects of these PAF antagonists were also observed in LPS$(10\;{\mu}g/ml)$-stimulated cells. Collectively, these data suggest that PAF enhances IL-1 activity by interaction with a specific receptor.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

본 연구는 비자나무(Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc, TN)와 생물전환 된 비자나무 추출물(TNB)의 항염증 효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었으며 이를 위해 C. acnes에 의해 유도된 RAW264.7 염증 모델에서 염증인자의 발현을 조사하였다. 실험 결과, TNB는 50, 100, 200 ㎍/mL 농도에서 TN의 높은 세포독성을 개선하였으며 nitric oxide (NO)와 NO 합성 효소인 inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 및 prostaglandin의 합성 효소인 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)의 발현을 유의하게 억제하였다. 또한 TNB는 염증성 사이토카인인 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 및 interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8의 발현을 유의하게 억제하였으며 특히 IL-6, IL-8의 경우 가장 고 농도인 200 ㎍/mL에서 정상세포 수준으로 감소하였다. 이후 진행된 western blot에서 인산화 된 IκB-α 및 NF-κB의 발현이 농도의존적으로 억제됨을 확인하였으며 인산화가 억제되면서 degradation이 감소하여 TNB처리 농도가 높아짐에 따라 IκB-α의 농도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로, TNB는 NF-κB신호 전달 경로를 차단함으로써 다양한 염증 매개 인자의 발현을 효과적으로 하향 조절할 수 있으며 이를 통해 항 염증 활성을 유도하는 것으로 확인된다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 TNB가 C. acnes에 의해 유발된 염증성질환의 치료에 효과적인 천연물 소재로 적용될 수 있음을 제안한다.