• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2017

In order to improve the functions of libraries in each region, it is necessary to establish the guideline of area of space size according to size and region. Therefore, this study aims to present the guideline of area of space size of public libraries for the revision of the manual of 2013. The study findings are as follows. First, the theoretical and preceding studies have raised a need to present the guidelines on the areas of public libraries nationwide since the guidelines of areas presented in Gyeonggi Province have been derived from the provincial libraries of Gyeonggi only. It is also necessary to analyze and verify the guidelines of areas of public libraries nationwide in Korea based on the guidelines of areas for Gyeonggi Province. Second, I have analyzed the areas of public libraries nationwide. I have conducted comparative analysis and verification in comparison with the areas in Gyeonggi Province through the ${\pm}5%$ error range presented in the existing manual, which has led to the conclusion that the guidelines of areas in Gyeonggi Province are within the error range and thus are applicable to public libraries nationwide. Third, I have presented the five different types of guidelines of areas. This study is expected to facilitate accelerating the decision-making and policy establishment as part of the construction and remodeling plans. In the future, however, more detailed studies on libraries bigger than $5,000m^2$ is needed.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.278-283
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• 2009

This study aims to figure out the old people's needs for modification of their housing to maintain an independent lifestyle despite their health status and living arrangements. The total of 438 residents take part in the questionnaire survey research through the quota sampling method grouped by age (60-64 group, 65-69 group, 70-74 group, and over 75 group), sex (male and female), and house type (apartment houses and others). The results are as follows. (1) The old people's most inspired modification needs in interior spaces are remodeling the heating controls in the living room and the bedroom, ventilation facilities and storage spaces in the kitchen, non-slip tile flooring and ventilation facilities in bathroom, an easy door-lock, non-slip tile flooring, a draft cut-off, and storage spaces in the entrance. Besides they require emergency alarm, easy door and window locks, fire and gas alarm, and furniture with easy handling. It is necessary to supply the aged with the appropriate heating controls for their sensitivity to heat, with enough storage spaces for the increased possessions, and with diverse safety systems reflected blunting of mobility and sensibility. (2) As they grow older, the aged require more remote controls and safety facilities such as emergency alarm, easy locks and furniture with distinguishable colors. Male elderly is more concerned with safety, while female elderly do with convenience due to their different time spending in the house. The elderly residents in the apartment houses require the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space less than other types of houses. Thus modification of the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space are regards as basic needs for the elderly residents in non-apartment houses.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2006

The current study proposesto examine the external appearance types of urban-style hanok in the Bukchon Hanok Preservation District according to their use. For this purpose, we conducted a field survey from the 12th of September to 10th of October 2005, which investigated the location, condition md use of urban-style hanok that were being used for non-residential purposes. The external elevation of the houses were observed and photographed. The results are as follows. First, there were 158 urban-style hanok used for non-residential purposes and200 cases of non-residential use. There were 69 cases of food and beverage spaces, 58 cases of small retail businesses, 38 cases of cultural facilities and 7 cases of convenience facilities. Second, among residential urban-style hanok used for non-residential purposes, 131 cases changed the external appearance of existing urban-style hanok and only 69 cases maintained the original appearance of urban-style hanok or renovated the appearance fittingly to non-residential use. Among the renovated cases, 59 involved the construction of a firewall and 10 cases involved remodeling in a contemporary style. Among the transformed cases, 40 cases exhibited a full opening to the roadside, n involved the change of external appearance components, 14 involved the extension of the courtyard and 12 involved overall improvements to a contemporary style. Third, in the case of cultural facilities and offices, many instances reproduced an urban-style hanok in the traditional style, but small retail shops and food/beverage spaces showed serious deformation. Particularly small retail shops opened the side to the road or extended the courtyard regardless of the location of the houses in order to increase the store space and, as a result, severely damaged the urban-style hanok. In addition, many food/beverage spaces remodeled their external components using tiles, bricks or metals, which were easy to maintain.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

Existing research for store has been localized in that of Seoul area, and research for the Japanese style store built under the rule of Japanese Imperialism has not been done properly owing to national sentiment. This research established Naju that inland pillage is available along Yeongsan River after opening of Mokpo harbor. I will compare modernization developmental process of building of Korean style store with that of Japanese Style store, so obviously try to make clear the activities of modernization by linking social and economical change with Joseon merchants' life. I will try to light up the position of korean style store in Naju area in history of architecture by analyzing two styles of stores into urban architectural element, putting process of change in order and translating it according to flow of age. The development process of Korean restaurant stores and that of Japanese counterparts are rather relative. Whereas Japanese accumulated wealth through oppression and exploitation of the people of Joseon the former dynasty of present day Korea, the people of Joseon could not but be oppressed and depressed. On the other hand, while the dynamic liberation movements of Joseon merchants managed to develop based on the vitality that was growing ever more, Japanese chose to back down to some degree by exercising appeasing policy. The efforts to take initiative by shattering off the submissive attitude can be found from the ability fostering movement, Gwangju students campaign and new construction or remodeling of hanok the traditional Korean house as commercial building in the 1920s. The changing phase of the people breaking away from subjugated relation to subjective attitude can be found in the commercial districts.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of living factors on TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compounds) concentrations and personal factors to reduce the Sick House Syndrome for newly-built apartments. The field measurements of TVOC concentrations were made totally 30 times(5 times per one subject house) in six apartment units in which residents recently moved. Those apartments authorized its business approval before May 2004, the Act of Indoor Air Quality Management for multi-use facilities. The Questionnaire surveys of residents' subjective responses on the Sick House Syndrome were carried out in 2nd measurement of each house. Respondents consisted of 20 residents living in the measured houses. The findings were as follows: The TVOC concentrations of the measured subject apartments ranged from about 1/10 of the recommended standard for multi-use facilities($400{\mu}g/m^3$) to up to 90 times as high as the standard. Since then, the Recommended Standard of Indoor Air Quality Management for newly-built apartment house was announced in December 2005. In accordance with this standard($2390{\mu}g/m^3$) it ranged from about 1/100 to up to 15 times as high as the standard. The subject house whose TVOC concentrations reduced below the recommendation standard in the shortest period had the largest amount of ventilation (all the windows were open for ventilation in the past three months) among all measured houses. The reason of another house whose TVOC concentrations were much higher than the rest was fronted with new furniture in the room. There turned out to be no apparent relations between the TVOC concentrations and the residents' individual responses of Sick House Syndrome. The responses were serious in those who stayed in their new houses for a long period or had disease like allergy. It's recommended that they should open all the windows for at least three months for ventilation in newly-built houses, and it would be better to avoid remodeling than needs be.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to analyze the problems of the elderly using kitchens by ergonomic work evaluation methods, and to make suggestions for planning and remodeling of the kitchens for the elderly. The work evaluation methods which used in this study were direct-observing methods, which contained the process of 2 or 3 times each visiting to four different houses where elderly people live. For direct-observing methods, analyzing with movement observations and observation methods with photos and videos were used. Characteristics of subject elderly people and problems of their kitchens were analyzed by static measurements, interviews, pictures, and videos. The data, which are recorded movements of the preparing meal of the elderly were analyzed by playing it back repeatedly. As results, physical characteristics of the elderly was the most important consideration; a participant with the arthritical knee was limping at the kitchen entrance due to the difference of the floor level, and a user with a bent back was working on the floor or place an elbow on the worktable to support her body. Those results made a conclusion about the common problems of the kitchens, and suggested the check list which has to be considered when designing the elderly using kitchen.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.475-478
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• 2008

In Korea, there has been a tendency that multi-family housings are constructed by providers such as constructors or real estate agents for the economical benefits and selling efficiency, using standardized plans, load-bearing wall system, water-based construction method, and uniformized formworks. Especially, the traditional installation works which service equipments are buried into structures cause serious problems such as shortening building life span, increasing times of remodeling during specific period (100 years) and wasting resources. Also the unilateral way of massive distribution by providers for multi-family housings is not appropriate to meet the various social needs of residents. To solve these problems, it is necessary to build long-life housing which can be easily separated installations, interior and exterior finishings from structural parts. Therefore, this paper will examine the present administrative law and the civil law in order to find negative factors that can be obstructions for providing long-life housings and set the direction to revise the regulations.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.1-23
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• 2007

Small and Medium Business Associate has supporting small and medium business and private business for establishment business and sales increasing with various policy since 2005. Arousing the interesting on customer relationship management, small and medium business and private business have recognized the necessity of the concept and introduction the CRM. This study suggested the effectiveness of the CRM throughout real cases of the CRM for small and medium business managers in order to rising sales in such an environment. The case of this study tried to figure it out to accomplish manager's ends of small and medium business to get successful business results based on innovative volition and mind trying to change. The owner who has experience 12 years in meat sales was analyzed the results of aptitude test that the business is highly appropriate to him in personality and aptitude. As also saw the strength and opportunity of SWOT analysis, he has an excellent talent for friendship, knowledge of searching Internet and organizing information, and learning ability. This study provided a marketing policy, ideas of customer services and system remodeling to improve relationship with customer, and a division diagnosis of business activities. The owner has an excellent friendship, so that this study suggest to remodel interior inside store clearly and sanitary displaying on products, to introduce aggressive and concentrated marketing strategies, and to recognize the important of public relation.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.339-344
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the residents' perceptive opinions of apartment housing environment and to contribute to develop a apartment unit plan in Daejeon City. This research was performed by a questionnaire survey method, 464 data was collected from apartment residents lived in about $85m^2$ unit with 3 rooms and the apartments was limited to the complexes within 3 years at Yuseong-gu and Seo-gu. By analyzing those data, findings are as follows: 1) Residents thought living room, kitchen and bathroom were importment space in a unit plan. They needed a storage function in an entrance and a intermediate room, and Anbang(materbed room) so did. L-DK plan type was very preferred. 2) Sub-kitchen was needed for a refrigerator of Kinch, the location of it was realted to a main kitchen and a uitility. the third room was needed for library, home office and storage space. 3) The enlargment remodeling of balcony was showed livingroom balcony or personal bedrooms at the time of occupancy. They needed the balcony near a kitchen or an utility to equip a storage facility. And residents were preferred to their taste rather than a choice of interior concept package services.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2017

Flat slab systems are vastly used in multi-story buildings because of their savings in story height and construction time, as well as for their flexibility in architectural remodeling. However, they frequently suffer brittle punching-shear failure around columns, especially when subjected to lateral loads. Therefore, seismic codes labeled flat slabs as non-ductile systems. This research goal is investigating some construction alternatives to enhance flat slab ductility and deformability. The alternatives are: adding different types of punching-shear reinforcement, using discreet fibers in concrete mixes, and increasing thickness of slab around columns. The experimental study included preparation and testing of seven half-scale interior slab-column connections up to failure. The first specimen is considered a reference, the second two specimens made of concrete mixes with different volumetric ratios of polymer fibers. Another three specimens reinforced with different types of punching-shear reinforcement, and the last specimen constructed with drop panel of inverted pyramidal shape. It is found that using the inverted pyramid-shape drop panel of specimen, increases the punching-shear capacity, and the initial and the post-cracking stiffnesses. The initial elastic stiffnesses are different for all specimens especially for the slab with closed stirrups where it is experienced the highest initial stiffness compared to the reference slab.