• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.667-683
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• 2018

This study reviews advances in research made during the last decade in studies of aging families in Korea. Specifically, we provide a critical review of the theoretical directions and empirical findings of 87 research articles focused on aging families published in the Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society between 2008 and 2017. Topics and issues covered include: (a) diversity in family structures and households, (b) intergenerational relations, (c) intimate relations, and (d) family problems in later life. We found that while research applying theories and employing advanced methodologies has increased, embracing more diverse theories and ensuring nationally representative panel data from multi-reporters within families will enhance future research in aging and families. The authors conclude that more multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches are needed in the field of family studies and gerontology in Korea.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-131
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the effects of residential proximity to adult children on the mental and physical health of middle-aged and older parents. The study also evaluated whether the parental age and gender of the adult child in closest proximity to the parent might moderate the association. Method: Data were drawn from five waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(2006-2014). The analytic sample consisted of 7,359 parents aged 45 or older who had at least one non-coresidential adult child aged 19 or older. The analyses were conducted by estimating a series of fixed effects models while adjusting for the nested structure of the data. Results: The results showed that first, a closer distance between an adult child and the parent was generally associated with the parent experiencing a decrease in depressive symptoms. Yet, the mental health benefit was smaller for parents aged 65 years or older whose closest living adult child was a son. Second, a closer distance was observed to affect chronic illness only among middle-aged parents (aged 45 to 64). When the closest living adult child was a daughter, the middle-aged parent experienced deterioration in their chronic illness. On the other hand, the opposite pattern was observed when the closest living adult child was a son. Conclusions: The parental age and gender of the adult child in closest proximity to the parent might have varying effects on parents' health. A closer distance between an adult child and their parent has a positive impact on the mental health of the parent as a whole, whereas the effect of living closer was mixed in relation to the parental physical health.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-145
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• 2017

Objectives: Grounded in a life-course perspective, this study examined the effects of non-coresident children's transitions to marriage and parenthood on the frequency of contact with their parents. Gender of adult children and the educational levels of both adult children and their parents were evaluated as potential moderators of the transition-contact linkages. Method: The analytic sample consisted of adult children aged between 20 and 50 whose parents participated in four waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012). For analysis, fixed effects regression models were estimated using the xtreg procedure in Stata. Results: First, transition to marriage was associated with a decrease in face-to-face contact, whereas a greater increase in contact with parents via phone, mail, email etc. occurred only among newly married with less than college education compared to the newlywed with college degrees. Second, transition to parenthood was associated with an increase in contact via phone, mail, email etc. In addition, a greater increase in face-to-face contact was found with parents who completed high school or more education compared to those with less than high school education. Conclusions: The findings suggest that adult children's transitions to marriage and parenthood may bring about increases in contact with their parents, particularly for adult children with less than college education and parents with more than high school education.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2021

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of mothers may negatively affect the mental health of their offspring. Little is known about the intergenerational effect of maternal ACE on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the offspring. This study investigated the impact of maternal ACEs on PTSD in the offspring. Methods: A total of 156 mothers with children aged 13-18 years completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) Predictive Scales to determine the presence of psychiatric disorders in their offspring. The subjects completed the ACE questionnaire and the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report-Short Form. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal ACEs and PTSD in the offspring. Results: Of the mothers, 23.7% had at least one ACE, and PTSD was reported in 21.8% of the offspring. The offspring of the mothers in the ACE group had a significantly higher rates of traumatic experiences and PTSD than the offspring of the mothers in the no ACE group. Maternal household dysfunction independently predicted offspring PTSD [odds ratio (OR)=3.008, p=0.05), and three or more maternal ACEs were significantly related to PTSD in the offspring (OR=10.613, p=0.025). Conclusion: Maternal ACEs have a significant impact on the risk of traumatic experiences and PTSD in the offspring. These findings suggest the presence of intergenerational transmissions by which maternal ACEs affect the mental health of the offspring.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the offspring and to examine the mediating role of antepartum health risk on the intergenerational transmission of maternal ACEs. Methods: The participants consisted of 461 mother-child dyads. Mothers completed the ACEs questionnaire and Diagnostic Predictive Scales. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of ADHD symptoms in the offspring of mothers with ACEs and the mediating effect of antepartum health risks by path analysis. Results: In all, 35.4% (n=163) had at least one maternal ACE, and 11.1% (n=51) had three or more. Compared to the non-ADHD symptom group, the group of offspring with ADHD symptoms showed a significant association with maternal ACE score (p<0.001) and antepartum health risks (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis further showed a significant association between the sum of maternal ACEs [odds ratio (OR)=1.264, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 1.060-1.516, p=0.009], antepartum health risks (OR=1.236, 95% CI=1.036-1.475, p=0.019), and ADHD symptoms in the offspring. In the mediation model in which the mother's ACE score affected the offspring's ADHD symptoms, partial mediation through antepartum health risks was found to be significant (B=0.041, 95% CI=0.011-0.124). Conclusion: Maternal ACEs are significantly related to the incidence of ADHD symptoms in the offspring and antepartum health risks exert an indirect effect. These findings suggest that maternal ACEs have a negative impact on the offspring's brain development through intergenerational transmission, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.53-66
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• 1998

This study presents the Family FIRO model for stepfamily development. The Family FIRO model conceptualizes interactional patterns in stepfamily for dealing with developmental tasks and suggests a method for organizing assessment and for prioritizing treatment strategies. Boundary ambiguity role confusion intergenerational coalition and loyalty conflict lack of relationship commitment and resource management issues of stepfamily constitute the inclusion interaction dimension in The Family FIRO model. While power role negotiation conflict decision making and discipline issues represent the control interaction dimension lack of emotional exchange and open self-disclosure issues are intimacy interaction dimension in the stepfamily. The family FIRO model suggests that stepfamily should attend to the developmental tasks related to inclusion before placing a major emphasis on control issues which in turn should come before emphasis on stepfamily intimacy.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.191-202
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• 1996

This research applied an attachment theory to the study of three generations of women. Questionnaire and semistructured interview techniques were employed to collect the data on intergenerational mother-daughter relationships from 140 triads of adolescent daughters middle-aged mothers an old-aged grandmothers. The focus of the study had been on the characteristics of attachment patterns which is measured by sense of attachment and autonomy across and within generations and their effects on personal well-being. Women in each their three generations perceived a high and seminilar level of attachment across and within the generations. On the other hand the level of autonomy differed by the generations with middle-aged mothers showing a higher level of perceived sense of autonomy than other two generations. Although the levels of attachment and autonomy were related to psychological well-being the level of autonomy was slightly more related to it. The results also showed that not nly one's own attachment toward mother/daughter but attachment of others toward herself were associated with the personal well-being. Overall this study reflects and supports the basis concepts of mother-daughter attachment: its continuity reciprocity and personal development in adulthood.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 1989

본고(本稿)에서는 가계(家計)의 저축행태(貯蓄行態)가 일생적기(一生適期)(life cycle)에 걸쳐 연령(年齡)-자산관계(資産關係)(age-wealth profile)를 통해 어떻게 나타나는가를 이론적으로 그리고 미시적(微視的) 시뮬레이션의 결과로 살펴보았다. 본고(本稿)에서는 기존의 Ando-Modigliani의 모형(模型)에 성인상당수(成人相當數)라는 개념(槪念)을 도입(導入), 무자녀가구(無子女家口)와 유자녀가구(有子女家口) 사이에 자산저축경로(資産著畜經路)의 차이가 존재함을 밝혔다. 즉, 유자녀가구(有子女家口)의 경우, 자녀의 교육비를 지원함으로써-좀 더 정확히 표현하면 또다른 형태의 세대간교부(世代間交付)(intergenerational transfer)라고 할 수 있는 자녀의 인적자산형성(人的資産形成)에 투자함으로써-소비(消費)가 이 시기에 급상승하게 되고 따라서 자산저축(資産著畜)이 무자녀가구(無子女家口)의 경우보다 완만해질 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.35-50
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• 2002

The present study explored parenting behaviors of fathers associated with 3 types of aggression in their sons and identified inter-generational pathways of aggression. Subjects were 160 Korean elementary school(5-6th grade) boys and their fathers. Data were gathered via questionnaires. Results were that fathers' use of power assertive control and lack of open communication were positively associated with sons' use of both relational and proactive aggression. Fathers' encouragement of aggressive behavior was associated with sons' reactive aggression. Finally, fathers' aggression was net directly associated with sons' aggression, but was fully mediated by parenting. Results were discussed in terms of implications for the Korean cultural context.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.63-81
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the first generation Korean-American mothers' attachment representation as well as the attachment representation of their second generation Korean-American college students. The subjects consisted of 25 first generation Korean-American mothers and 27 second generation college students residing in Los Angeles. The Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) was used for assessing attachment representation patterns. The results of this study were as follows. First, 36% of the subject mothers were classified as secure, 64% were insecurely attached and there was no unresolved/disorganized pattern in the insecure group. Second, 33% of the subject students were classified as secure. 67% were insecure on the AAI, and there was 4% unresolved/disorganized patterns in the insecure group. Third, a difference of 76% was found between the correspondence between the first generation Korean-American mothers' attachment representation pattern and the attachment representation of the second generation Korean-American college students.