• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.299-303
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• 2018

In order to improve the interfacial bonding force and reaction polymerization degree of the carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6 composite material, the surface of the existing epoxy-sizing carbon fiber was desized to remove the epoxy and treated with urethane, nylon and phenoxy sizing agent, was observed. The interfacial bond strength of the resized carbon fiber was confirmed by IFSS (Interfacial Shear Strength) and the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the interfacial bonding strength of the carbon fiber treated with nylon and phenoxy sizing agents was higher than that of urethane - based sizing. It has been found that the urethane - type resizing carbon fiber has lower interfacial bonding strength than the conventional epoxy - sizing carbon fiber. This result shows that the interfacial bonding between carbon fiber and nylon 6 is improved by removing low activity and smoothness of existing carbon fiber.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.625-630
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• 2009

Embedding of active devices in a printed circuit board has increasingly been adopted as a future electronic technology due to its promotion of high density, high speed and high performance. One responsible technology is to embedded active device into a dielectric substrate with a build-up process, for example a chipin-substrate (CiS) structure. In this study, desmear treatment was performed before Cu metallization on an FR-4 surface in order to improve interfacial adhesion between electroless-plated Cu and FR-4 substrate in Cu via structures in CiS systems. Surface analyses using atomic force microscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy were systematically performed to understand the fundamental adhesion mechanism; results were correlated with peel strength measured by a 90o peel test. Interfacial bonding mechanism between electrolessplated Cu and FR-4 substrate seems to be dominated by a chemical bonding effect resulting from the selective activation of chemical bonding between carbon and oxygen through a rearrangement of C-C bonding rather than from a mechanical interlocking effect. In fact, desmear wet treatment could result in extensive degradation of FR-4 cohesive strength when compared to dry surface-treated Cu/FR-4 structures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.1333-1344
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• 2019

An integrated approach of model simplification for high burnup spent nuclear fuel is proposed based on material calibration using optimization. The spent fuel rods are simplified into a beam with a homogenous isotropic material. The proposed approach of model simplification is applied to fuel rods with two kinds of interfacial configurations between the fuel pellets and cladding. The differences among the generated models and the effects of interfacial bonding efficiency are discussed. The strategy of model simplification adopted in this work is to force the simplified beam model of spent fuel rods to possess the same compliance and failure characteristics under critical loads as those that result in the failure of detailed fuel rod models. It is envisioned that the simplified model would enable the assessment of fuel rod failure through an assembly-level analysis, without resorting to a refined model for an individual fuel rod. The effective material properties of the simplified beam model were successfully identified using the integrated optimization process. The feasibility of using the developed simplified beam models in dynamic impact simulations for a horizontal drop condition is examined, and discussions are provided.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2023

Scholars have proposed wafer-level bonding and three-dimensional (3D) stacked integrated circuit (IC) and have investigated Cu-Cu bonding to overcome the limitation of Moore's law. However, information about quantitative Cu-Cu direct-bonding conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and interfacial adhesion energy, is scant. This study determines the optimal temperature and pressure for Cu-Cu bonding by varying the bonding temperature to 100, 150, 200, 250, and 350 ℃ and pressure to 2,303 and 3,087 N/cm². Various conditions and methods for surface treatment were performed to prevent oxidation of the surface of the sample and remove organic compounds in Cu direct bonding as variables of temperature and pressure. EDX experiments were conducted to confirm chemical information on the bonding characteristics between the substrate and Cu to confirm the bonding mechanism between the substrate and Cu. In addition, after the combination with the change of temperature and pressure variables, UTM measurement was performed to investigate the bond force between the substrate and Cu, and it was confirmed that the bond force increased proportionally as the temperature and pressure increased.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.38-43
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• 2012

In this study, active metal brazing methods for $ZrO_2$ and Ti alloy were discussed. To get a successful metal-ceramic bonding, various factors (melting temperature, corrosion, sag resistance, thermal expansion coefficient etc. of base materilas and filler metal) should be considered. Moreover, in order to clarify bonding between the metal and ceramic, the mechanism of the interfacial structure of the joints should be identified. The driving force for the formation of metal and ceramic interfaces is the reduction of the free energy which occurs when their contact becomes complete. Interfacial bonding depends on the material combinations and the bonding processes. This study describes the bonding between ceramic and metal in an active metal brazing.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.282-287
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• 2020

In the present study, a high-strength polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet was fabricated through a densification process of low melting PET fiber (LMF) combined PET sheet. During the thermal heat treatment process of the combined LMF, individual PET fiber was connected, which in turn leads to the improvement of the interfacial bonding force between the fibers. Also, the densification of the PET sheet leads to reduce macrospore density and in return could enhance the binding force between the overlapped PET networks. Consequently, the asprepared LMF-PET sheet showed about 410% improved tensile strength and the same elongation compared to before compression. Besides, the enhanced bonding force can prevent the shrinkage of the PET fiber network and exhibited excellent dimensional stability.

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2017

The brittle nature in most FRP composites is accompanying other forms of energy absorption mechanisms such as fibre-matrix interface debonding and ply delamination. It could play an important role on the energy absorption capability of composite structures. To solve the brittle nature, the adhesion between pines and composites was studied. Thermal treated pines were attached on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) by epoxy adhesives. To find the optimum condition of thermal treatment for pine, two different thermal treatments at 160 and $200^{\circ}C$ were compared to the neat case. To evaluate mechanical and interfacial properties of pines and pine/CFRP composites, tensile, lap shear and Izod test were carried out. The bonding force of pine grains was measured by tensile test at transverse direction and the elastic wave from fracture of pines was analyzed. The mechanical, interfacial properties and bonding force at $160^{\circ}C$ treated pine were highest due to the reinforced effect of pine. However, excessive thermal treatment resulted in the degradation of hemicellulose and leads to the deterioration in mechanical and interfacial properties.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.388-396
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• 1995

This study has been conducted with the purpose of examining the fatigue crack growth characteristics of $Al_2O_3$ short fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites made by squeeze casting process with different applied pressure and binder amount. Fatigue crack growth experiments have been performed under constant load amplitude method with a fixed load ratio. The rate of crack propagation was decreased with binder amount as well as applied pressure. Also fatigue crack growth path in matrix was changed from flat to rough mode with an increase of applied pressure. In the composites, fatigue crack was propagated to interface between matrix and reinforcement at 10MPa, but it was propagated to reinforcement at 20MPa. The major reason of thee result was considered that interfacial bonding force and microstructure of matrix were improved due to an increase of applied pressure. Localized ductile striation in the composites was observed at low growth rate region and such a phenominon was remarkable with an increase of applied pressure. At high growth rate region, the propensity of fracture appearance was changed from interfacial debonding to reinforcement fracture with an increase of applied pressure.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

The use of advanced composite materials in strengthening and repair of existing structures is increasing rapidly. This paper describes an effectiveness of a bonding of carbon fiber reinforced sheets to corroded steel members for the repair. Three types of surface treatment, what we call cleaning, of corroded plate are chosen as parameters. They are "without cleaning","removal of painting by brushing" and "complete removal of painting". From the experimental study, the following findings are obtained. 1) When the steel plate is subjected to tensile force, carbon fiber sheets adhered to the painted steel gives a higher strength against peeling compared to that of the plate without painting, 2) The grade of surface treatment, or cleaning of the corroded steel plate affects the strengthening effect.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1151-1158
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• 1997

Fracture of uni-directional carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite is strongly dependent on the orientation of basal plane in graphite matrix when it is limited within matrix. The orientation of basal planes are vertically stacked to carbon fiber which results in the weakness for applied tensile or shear force in thermosetting resin derived-carbon matrix composite. Microtextural control of the matrix was tried through chemical interaction between metal carbides and furan resin derived-carbon matrix. SiC and TiO2 addition made the orientation disordered. However, porosity increased due to decomposition of SiC. Interfacial bonding could be controlled by TiO2 addition, but carbon fiber was considerably reacted with TiC during thermal treatment higher than 2$600^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it is desirable to control the thermal treatment temperature at which decomposition of SiC was not serious and TiC/C was not formed eutectoid.