• Title/Summary/Keyword: Interfacial Tension

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Measuring Interfacial Tension between Brine and Carbon Dioxide in Geological CO2 Sequestration Conditions using Pendant Bubble Methods (수적(垂滴)법을 이용한 이산화탄소 지중저장 조건에서의 염수-이산화탄소 간 계면장력 측정)

  • Park, Gyuryeong;An, Hyejin;Kim, Seon-ok;Wang, Sookyun
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.46-55
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    • 2016
  • This experimental study was aimed to estimate interfacial tension of brine-$CO_2$ by using a pendant bubble method and image analysis. Measurements were performed for wide ranges of temperatures, pressures, and salinities covering reservoir conditions in Pohang basin, a possible candidate for $CO_2$ storage operation in Korea. The profiles of $CO_2$ bubbles in brine obtained from image analysis with the densities of brine and $CO_2$ from previous studies were applied to Laplace-Young equation for calculating interfacial twnsion in brine-$CO_2$ system. The experimental results reveals that the interfacial tension is significantly affected by reservoir conditions such as pressure, temperature and water salinity. For conditions of constant temperature and water salinity, the interfacial tension decreases as pressure increases for low pressures (P < $P_c$), and approaches to a constant value for high pressures. For conditions of constant pressure and water salinity, the interfacial tension increases as temperature increases for T < $T_c$, with an asymptotic trend towards a constant value for high temperatures. For conditions of constant pressure and temperature, the interfacial tension increases with increasing water salinity. The trends in changes of interfacial tension can be explained by the effects of the reservoir conditions on the density difference of brine and $CO_2$, and the solubility of $CO_2$ in brine. The information on interfacial tensions obtained from this research can be applied in predicting the migration and distribution of injecting and residual fluids in brine-$CO_2$-rock systems in deep geological environments during geological $CO_2$ sequestrations.

Relation of Dynamic Changes in Interfacial Tension to Protein Destabilization upon Emulsification

  • Sah, Hong-Kee;Choi, Soo-Kyoung;Choi, Han-Gon;Yong, Chul-Soon
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.381-386
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    • 2002
  • The objective of this study was to link conformational changes of proteins at a water/methylene chloride interface to their destabilization upon emulsification. When 4 aqueous protein solutions (bovine serum albumin, $\beta$-lactoglobulin, ovalbumin, or ribonuclease) were emulsified in methylene chloride, considerable proportions of all the proteins became water insoluble aggregates. There were also noticeable changes in the compositions of their water-soluble species. A series of water/methylene chloride interfacial reactions upon the proteins was considered a major cause of the phenomena observed. Based on this supposition, the interfacial tension was determined by a Kruss DVT-10 drop volume tensiometer under various experimental conditions. It substantiated that the interfacial tension was high enough to cause the adsorption of all the proteins. Under our experimental conditions, their presence in the aqueous phase resulted in reductions of the interfacial tension by the degrees of 8.5 - 17.1 mN $m^{-1}$. In addition, dynamic changes in the interfacial tension were monitored to compare relative rates at which the adsorbed proteins underwent conformational, structural rearrangements at the interface. Such information helped make a prediction about how easily proteins would denature and aggregate during emulsification. Our study indicated that emulsifying aqueous protein solutions in organic solvents should be handled with care, due to adverse interfacial effects.

Control of morphology and interfacial tension of PC/SAN blends with compatibilizer

  • Kim, J.H.;Kim, M.J.;Kim, C.K.;Lee, J.W.
    • Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2001
  • Block copolymers of PC-b-PMMA (polycarbonate-b-polymethylmethacrylate) and PC -b-SAN (polycarbonate-b-(styrene-c-acrylonitrile)), were examined as compatibilizers for blonds of PC with SAN copolymer. The average diameter of the dispersed particles was measured with an image analyser, and the interfacial properties of the blonds were analysed with an imbedded fiber retraction (IFR) technique. The average diameter of dispersed particles and interfacial tension of the PC/SAN blends reached a minimum value when the SAN copolymer contained about 24 wt% AN. Interfacial tension and particle size were further reduced by adding compatibilizer to the PC/SAN blends. PC-b-PMMA was more effective than PC-b-SAN as a compatibilizer in reducing the average diameter of the dispersed particles and interfacial tension of PC/SAN blend. A direct proportionality between the particle diameter and interfacial tension was also observed. The interfacial properties of the PC/SAN blends were optimized by adding a block copolymer and using an SAN copolymer that had minimum interaction energy with PC.

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Measurement of the interfacial tension value for the polymer blends by breaking thread method (섬유사 붕괴 법(breaking thread)에 의한 고분자 블렌드의 계면장력 측정)

  • Son, Young-Gon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.1211-1214
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, the experimental details of the interfacial tension measurement by breaking thread method, which measures the interfacial tension between different polymer pairs, are described. The apparatus needed are a hot state, which melts the polymers, and an optical microscopy. The measured interfacial tension values are in goog agreement with the literature's values.

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Evaluation of interfacial tension for poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene by rheological measurements and interaction parameter of the two polymers

  • Sung, Y.T.;Seo, W.J.;Kim, Y.H.;Lee, H.S.;Kim, W.N.
    • Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.135-140
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    • 2004
  • Morphological and rheological properties of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) blends were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES). From the SEM results, the PMMA-PS blends showed dispersed morphology and the particle size of the dispersed phase was quite small (0.1~0.6 $\mu\textrm{m}$ compared with other immiscible polymer blends. Values of the interfacial tension of the PMMA-PS blend were obtained from the Choi-Schowalter and the Palierne emulsion models using the storage modulus of the PMMA and PS, and found to be 1.0 and 2.0 mN/m, respectively. The interfacial tension between the PMMA and PS was also calculated from the Flory-Huggins polymer-polymer interaction parameter ($\chi$) and found to be from 0.98 to 1.86 mN/m depending on the molecular weight and composition. Comparing the values of the interfacial tension from the Flory-Huggins polymer-polymer interaction parameter and the values measured by oscillatory rheometer, it is suggested that the interfacial tension of the PMMA-PS blend obtained from the polymer-polymer interaction parameter are in good agreement with the values obtained by rheological measurements.

The Effects of Interfacial Properties of the Styrene/Water on the Styrene Latex Particle Properties using Triton X-100/SDS Surfactant Mixture (폴리스티렌 라텍스 제조에 있어서 Triton X-100/SDS 계면활성제 혼합이 단량체/수용액 간의 계면물성 및 라텍스의 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, A-Reum-Yi;Kim, Young-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.240-248
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    • 2010
  • The blending effects of surfactants on the polystyrene emulsion polymerization were studied. The blending of Triton X-100 and SDS affects to the interfacial properties of the styrene monomer and water phases, and finally, the properties of the polystyrene latex particles. As the blending ratio of SDS/Triton X-100 increases, the interfacial tension and CMC of the blended surfactants were decreased and results in a reducing the size of the latex particles. It was found that the interfacial tension was reduced when the surfactant were blended. By increasing the SDS content, the interfacial tension was reduced, and, at a certain condition, the interfacial tension was reached to an extremely low value to form micro-emulsion and the nano-sized latex particles (80~110 nm).

Relationship between Interfacial Tension and Solubility of Diesel Fuel in Surfactant Solutions (계면활성제용액-경유 간 계면장력과 용해도 상관관계 연구)

  • Jeong, Seung-Woo;Hur, Jeong-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.70-73
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    • 2013
  • Solubility of oil contaminants in surfactant solutions plays an important role in selecting a suitable surfactant type for soil remediation. Solubility measurement procedures consist of making an equilibrium between surfactant solution and oil, solvent extraction using dichloromethane, and condensation for gas chromatography analysis. Solubility measurement requires time consumption and lots of materials. Interfacial tension is the contracting force between two immiscible liquids, surfactant solution and oil, and also closely related to solubility of oil. This study established a relationship between the interfacial tension and solubility of diesel fuel in surfactant solution and suggested a quick method to estimate solubility of oil in a surfactant solution by measuring its interfacial tension. The results of this study showed that the solubility of diesel fuel in surfactant solution was exponentially increased by decreasing the interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids. The solubility of diesel fuel was significantly increased under the interfacial tension conditions below 1 dyne/cm, while the solubility change was not apparent under the interfacial tension conditions beyond 5 dyne/cm. Interfacial tension measurements may allow us to quickly select an efficient surfactant and its concentration for soil remediation.

Failure and Deformation Analyses of 3-ply Mg/Al/STS Clad-Metalin Bending (굽힘시험시의 Mg/Al/STS 3층 클래드재의 변형 및 파단특성 분석)

  • Kim, In-Kyu;Song, Jun-Young;Hwan, Oh-Ki;Hong, Sun Ig
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • v.50 no.5
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    • pp.345-351
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    • 2012
  • A three-point bending test was performed on roll-bonded Mg/Al/STS clad-metal plates under two different testing conditions (Mg layer in tension, or STS in tension) and their mechanical response and fracture behavior were investigated. Bending strength was found to be greater under the condition of Mg layer in tension. Heat treatment at $200^{\circ}C$ increased the bending formability, suggesting the interfacial strength increased at $200^{\circ}C$. Under the condition of Mg in tension, the clad heat-treated at $300^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$ fractured in two steps, with the first step associated with the interfacial fracture between Mg and Al, and the second the fracture of the Mg layer. STS/Al layers were found to be bent without complete fracture. Under the condition of STS in tension, the clad heat-treated at $300^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$ exhibited a very small load drop at the displacement, which is similar to that of the first load drop associated with the interfacial fracture under the condition of Mg in tension. In this case, no interfacial cracks were found and the complete cut-through fracture of clad was observed at low temperature heat treatment conditions, suggesting excellent interfacial strength. When the heat treatment temperature was higher than $300^{\circ}C$, interfacial cracks were observed. The local stress condition and the position of the interface with respect to the surface were found to have a great influence on the fracture behaviors of clad metals.

Molecular Area and Interfacial Tension Behavior of Span 20 and Tween series surfactants at water/air interface (Span 20과 Tween계 계면활성제의 물/공기 계면에서의 분자면적과 계면장력 거동)

  • 김천희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.24 no.7
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    • pp.1065-1072
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    • 2000
  • The molecular areas and the interfacial tension behavior of ten nonionic surfactants, i.e., Span 20 and Tween 20, 40, 60. 80, 21, 61, 81, 65, & 85 are tested to assay their effects on the wetting and liquid retention properties of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibrous materials. The molecular areas at water/air interface are derived from Gibbs’adsorption equations. The following conclusions are drawn from the results: 1) Span 20 is efficient in lowering the interfacial tension and effective in adsorption at the water/air interface, resulting in the low interfacial tension at critical micelle concentration (${\gamma}$$_{CMC}$) and a small molecular area($\omega$), 2) when the hydrophiles of the surfactants are constant, $\omega$’s increase as hydrophobe carbon numbers of the surfactants increase, 3) when the hydrophobes are constant, ${\gamma}$$_{CMC}$’s and $\omega$’s increase as the hydrophile ethylene oxide units increase, indicating effectiveness and efficiency is parallel in this case, 4) the ethylene oxide unit length as a hydrophile has greater influence on u than the hydrophobe chain length.han the hydrophobe chain length.gth.

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Effect of Lecithin on Dermal Safety of Nanoemulsion Prepared from Hydrogenated Lecithin and Silicone Oil

  • Bae, Duck-Hwan;Shin, Jae-Sup;Shin, Gwi-Su;Jin, Fan-Long;Park, Soo-Jin
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.821-824
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    • 2009
  • In this study, a hydrogenated lecithin-containing nanoemulsion was prepared from hydrogenated lecithin and silicone oil. Tween-60 and liquid paraffin, widely known emulsifiers, were used as standard substances, and high shear was produced by utilizing a high shear homogenizer and microfluidizer. The properties of the nanoemulsion prepared with hydrogenated lecithin were evaluated by measuring interfacial tension, dynamic interfacial tension, droplet size, zeta-potential, friction force, skin surface hygrometery, and dermal safety. The interfacial tension of lecinol S10/silicone oil was lower than that of lecinol S10/liquid paraffin. The nanoemulsion prepared from hydrogenated lecithin shows lower zeta-potential, skin surface hygrometery, and friction force compared with a general emulsion. The silicone nanoemulsion prepared from hydrogenated lecithin showed a zero value in the patch test and thus exhibits high dermal safety.